Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Corey W. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

In this Introduction, I characterize the broader aim of this volume as showcasing women’s contributions to eighteenth-century German philosophy. Notably, these contributions range from topics in metaphysics, logic, and aesthetics, to moral and political philosophy, and pertain to the main philosophical movements in the period (the ‘Leibnizian-Wolffian’ philosophy, the Thomasian philosophy, the ‘popular’ philosophical movement, and the Kantian philosophy). They engage controversial issues such as atheism and materialism, but also women’s struggle for access to education and for recognition of their civic entitlements. The bulk of the Introduction is devoted to an overview of the figures and themes covered in the individual chapters. I conclude with a brief note relating to figures not represented in this volume, and offer a rationale for my choice of the volume's title.

Women and Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Germany

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
History Of

This volume showcases the vibrant and diverse contributions on the part of women in eighteenth-century Germany and explores their under-appreciated influence upon philosophical debate in this period. The women profiled in this volume include Sophie of Hanover, Dorothea Christiane Erxleben, Johanna Charlotte Unzer, Wilhelmina of Bayreuth, Amalia Holst, Henriette Herz, Elise Reimarus, and Maria von Herbert. Notably, their contributions span the range of philosophical topics in metaphysics, logic, and aesthetics, to moral and political philosophy, and pertain to the main philosophical movements in the period (the Leibnizian-Wolffian philosophy, the Thomasian philosophy, the ‘popular’ philosophical movement, and the Kantian and early post-Kantian idealist tradition). Moreover, they engage controversial issues of the day, such as atheism and materialism, but also women’s struggle for access to education and for recognition of their civic entitlements, and they display a range of strategies in doing so. In the end, this volume vigorously contests the presumption that the history of German philosophy in the eighteenth century can be told without attending to the important roles that women played in conceiving, refining, and propagating its ideas, and in provoking, conducting, and engaging the signature debates of the period.

Latein als Wissenschaftssprache in der deutschen katholischen Dogmatik des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Dahlke ◽  
Matthias Laarmann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Status ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

AbstractUntil the eighteenth century, Latin was the uncontested language of academic discourse, including theology. Regardless of their denominational affiliation, scholars all across Europe made use of Latin in both their publications and lectures. Then, due to the influence of various strands of post-Kantian philosophy, a change took place, at least in the German-speaking area. With recourse to classical German philosophy, many Catholic systematic theologians switched to their mother-tounge and adopted the newly coined terms in order to express the same faith. In reaction to this transformative work the neo-scholastic movement came into existence. Its adherents stressed the Church’s tradition and, especially its indebtedness to medieval thought. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards, partly supported by the Magisterium, various attempts were made to re-introduce Latin into dogmatics. This project was unsuccessful, however, because of changes to the Catholic world ushered in by the Second Vatican Council and also because of developments in German educational policy, which served to lower the status of Latin in schools.

Hegel, Tocqueville, and “Individualism”

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Villa
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Associational Life ◽  
Moral Individualism ◽  
Civic Republicanism ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Liberal Individualism

Critics of liberal individualism have pointed out the many failures of “atomism” as a method in social and political philosophy. Their methodological criticisms have a tendency, however, to devolve into repudiations of moral individualism as such. In part, this is due to a misreading of Hegel and Tocqueville, two critics of individualism who nevertheless upheld the importance of individual rights and what Hegel called “freedom of subjectivity.” My essay brings these two very different theorists together in order to show how each deliberately dispensed with the ontology inherited from eighteenth-century social contract theory, the better to focus on associational life and public freedom. The end result is not a relapse into the rhetoric of civic republicanism, but a refurbishment of that tradition from the standpoint of modern liberty: the liberty of the individual. This common project links Hegel, the idealist philosopher, and Tocqueville, the liberal-republican, in unexpected but complementary ways.

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

Part I: Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Rodenhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Connected Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary Practice

Analysing the development of the concept of non-state parties to an armed conflict from the writings of philosophers in the eighteenth century through international humanitarian law (IHL) treaty law to contemporary practice, three threads can be identified. First, as pointed out by Rousseau almost two and a half centuries ago, one basic principle underlying the laws of war is that war is not a relation between men but between entities. Accordingly, the lawful objective of parties cannot be to harm opponents as individuals but only to overcome the entity for which the individual fights. This necessitates that any party to an armed conflict is a collective, organized entity and not a loosely connected group of individuals. Second, de Vattel already stressed that civil war is fought between two parties who ‘acknowledge no common judge’ and have no ‘common superior’ on earth....

The Muslim Tradition of Political Philosophy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrough Akhavi
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
The Individual

The doctrine of salvation in Islam centers on the community of believers. Contemporary Muslim political philosophy (or, preferably, political theory) covers a broad expanse that brings under its rubric at least two diverse tendencies: an approach that stresses the integration of religion and politics, and an approach that insists on their separation. Advocates of the first approach seem united in their desire for the “Islamization of knowledge,” meaning that the epistemological foundation of understanding and explanation in all areas of life, including all areas of political life, must be “Islamic.” Thus, one needs to speak of an “Islamic anthropology,” an “Islamic sociology,” an “Islamic political science,” and so on. But there is also a distinction that one may make among advocates of this first approach. Moreover, one can say about many, perhaps most, advocates of the first approach that they feel an urgency to apply Islamic law throughout all arenas of society. This article focuses on the Muslim tradition of political philosophy and considers the following themes: the individual and society, the state, and democracy.

Liberdade e Direitos Humanos no Pensamento de Richard Price

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
José Gomes André ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This paper is concerned with the political philosophy of Richard Price, analysing the way this author has developed the concept of liberty and the problem of human rights. The theme of liberty will be interpreted in a double perspective: a) in a private dimension, that sets liberty in the inner side of the individual; b) in a public dimension, that places it in the domain of a manifest action of the individual. We will try to show how this double outlook of liberty is conceived under the optics of a necessary complementarity, since liberty, which is primarily understood as a feature of the subject taken as an individual, acquires only a full meaning when she becomes efective in a comunitary field, as a social and political expression. The concept of human rights will appear located in this analysis, being defined simultaneously as condition and expression of the human dignity and happiness, at the same time natural attributes of an individual that should be cultivated and public effectiveness that contributes to the development of society.

THE PRESIDENT'S COLUMN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
EDWARD B. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Program Committee ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Medicine ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Executive Officers

The President and the Executive Board send their greetings to the membership of the Academy of Pediatrics for the new year. This column will appear irregularly from time to time in an effort to keep the membership apprised of developments which affect the Academy and which must be considered by the Executive Board. The President and the District Chairmen are elective officers of the Academy and in the true sense of democratic representation can only attempt to interpret the opinions of the membership in their action on problems which arise. American medicine is now confronted with many problems upon which neither the individual nor the organization can avoid taking a position. The action of your executive officers must be predicated upon the expression of opinion by the membership. It is hoped that you will keep your officers informed of individual and group opinions upon controversial issues in order to guide their action. The columns of Pediatrics IATRICS are open to the membership in "The Pediatrician and the Public" but it is most desirable that you communicate with your officers directly for their information. The San Francisco session was astonishingly well attended considering the handicap which distance imposed upon many of the members. I should be remiss in not expressing the pleasure of the local Fellows that so many should have come so far and contributed so much. Dr. Edgar E. Martmer and his Program Committee are to be congratulated not only because of the excellence of the program but also because they were able to effect last minute substitutions for participants who, because of illness, were unable to attend, without impairing the structure of the meeting.

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