scholarly journals Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Visa A.J. Kurki
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Western World ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
Orthodox View

This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of legal personhood. It presents the central concepts, terminology, and legal doctrines pertaining to legal personhood, and explains the relevance of the notion for various contemporary legal debates. The chapter also presents the book’s methodology, which is a version of the reflective equilibrium. It thus lays the groundwork for one of the central theses the book: that the Orthodox View of legal personhood is unable to explain many of the convictions regarding legal personhood that are accepted widely by jurists in the Western world.

scholarly journals Rights and Persons— Hohfeldian Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-88
Author(s):  
Visa A.J. Kurki
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
Main Criticism ◽  
Orthodox View

The chapter criticizes the Orthodox View of legal personhood for being internally inconsistent and simplistic as well as lacking in explanatory power. It focuses on four different formulations of the Orthodox View, and points out various deficiencies in all of them. The main criticism is that all of the formulations—when assessed in light of contemporary theories of rights—fail to explain jurists’ widely held convictions regarding who or what is a legal person. The critique is based on the Hohfeldian analysis of legal relations, which is also presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals Collectivities as Legal Persons

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Visa A.J. Kurki
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
Group Agents ◽  
Orthodox View

This chapter examines corporate legal personhood as well as the legal status of collectivities in general. It exposes a number of problems the Orthodox View has as regards the rights and duties of collectivities. For instance, many constitutions and human rights documents recognize the rights of minorities, but minorities are regardless generally not taken to be corporations or legal persons. The chapter offers a different explanation of corporations. It applies social ontology to argue that even non-incorporated group agents can hold legal rights. Regardless, such groups are not legal persons. What distinguishes corporations from other groups is not that they hold rights, but rather that they are endowed with a significant number of the incidents of legal personhood: they can own property, sue, and so on. The chapter concludes by considering whether collectives that are not group agents could be legal persons.

World Economy: Prospects and Barriers for Recovery

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Junk Bonds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Liquidity ◽  
Short Time

According to the latest forecasts, it will take 10 years for the world economy to get back to “decent shape”. Some more critical estimates suggest that the whole western world will have a “colossal mess” within the next 5–10 years. Regulators of some major countries significantly and over a short time‑period changed their forecasts for the worse which means that uncertainty in the outlook for the future persists. Indeed, the intensive anti‑crisis measures have reduced the severity of the past problems, however the problems themselves have not disappeared. Moreover, some of them have become more intense — the eurocrisis, excessive debts, global liquidity glut against the backdrop of its deficit in some of market segments. As was the case prior to the crisis, derivatives and high‑risk operations with “junk” bonds grow; budget problems — “fiscal cliff” in the US — and other problems worsen. All of the above forces the regulators to take unprecedented (in their scope and nature) steps. Will they be able to tackle the problems which emerge?

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

Process Philosophy and Political Liberalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Dombrowski
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Process Philosophy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Static View ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right

In this work two key theses are defended: political liberalism is a processual (rather than a static) view and process thinkers should be political liberals. Three major figures are considered (Rawls, Whitehead, Hartshorne) in the effort to show the superiority of political liberalism to its illiberal alternatives on the political right and left. Further, a politically liberal stance regarding nonhuman animals and the environment is articulated. It is typical for debates in political philosophy to be adrift regarding the concept of method, but from start to finish this book relies on the processual method of reflective equilibrium or dialectic at its best. This is the first extended effort to argue for both political liberalism as a process-oriented view and process philosophy/theology as a politically liberal view. It is also a timely defense of political liberalism against illiberal tendencies on both the right and the left.

Identification of High-risk Patients for Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator Therapy in Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Cyril YK Ko ◽  
Jeffrey WH Fung ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Western World ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Risk Patients

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a serious medical problem worldwide. Multiple landmark studies have demonstrated the benefit of implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) therapy in preventing SCD in at-risk patients. Although the data available in Asia are limited, the disease pattern seems to be different from that in the western world. The Asian population seems to have a lower incidence of SCD. Coronary heart disease, which is the major underlying cause of SCD in the west, may play a less important role in Asian countries. In addition, non-structural heart disease seems to be a more prevalent cause of SCD in Asia. It is thus questionable whether the results of ICD trials can be applied directly to Asian countries, as most of these trials seldom recruited Asian patients. This article will review SCD in Asia, focusing on the epidemiology and risk factors for SCD in Asia and highlighting some unique features that may be different from those seen in the western world.

'The Stars Down to Earth'

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Kirstine Munk
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Western World

Astrology is immensely popular in the modern, Western world. Studies have shown that 'belief' in astrology is mainly found among the lesser educated parts of the population, however, astrology is mainly used by educated middle-class women. This article explores why.

Re-contextualizing the Framework of Scene for the Empirical Study of Post-institutional Religious Spaces in Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Marcus Moberg ◽  
Tommy Ramstedt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Western World ◽  
General Decline

Following the continuing general decline of institutional religion across the Western world, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the emergence of various types of, less conventionally organized, post-institutional forms of religion. Post-institutional religious spaces have, however, often proven difficult to pin down and grasp empirically through already available frameworks and concepts. This article aims to provide an impetus for further methodological discussion on the empirical study of post-institutional religious spaces through re-contextualizing the framework of scene for the study of post-institutional religious spaces in actual practice. The article outlines and explicates the methodological utility of the framework of scene through applying it on a particular geographically located post-institutional religious space: the present-day so-called “fringe-knowledge” scene in Finland.

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