scholarly journals Macroeconomic Perspective on Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Stage Of Development

Macroeconomic strategies and policies have differed significantly among Asian countries, and yet some common issues recur despite their immense diversity in inherited historical initial conditions, differences in political systems, geopolitical situations, location and size, and natural resource endowments. The chapter examines from a comparative perspective issues like unemployment, state versus market, domestic versus foreign market, degree of openness in trade, investment and finance, industrial and technology policy, decentralization, and economic and social inequality. While some countries have been more successful than others in dealing with these issues, our comparative perspective also shows development itself as a moving target, thus requiring flexible institutional and policy responses at each separate stage of development, which makes uniform guidelines misleadingly over-simplistic.

Intellectual Roots of Independent Regulatory Authorities in America and India

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

The contemporary omnipresence of independent regulatory authorities (IRAs) as formidable structures of governance in different countries has long intellectual roots that helped in their evolution over a period of time. Though such intellectual traditions might have been found in every country, they appear to be more pronounced and definite in the countries where the idea of independent regulatory bodies has been originated and practised more fundamentally than others. In this context, America and India stand out prominently for obvious reasons. For instance, they represent two distinct political systems in which certain variations in intellectual traditions of independent regulatory bodies may be discerned. Further, while the intellectual traditions in America seem to be relatively autonomous vis-à-vis external influences, such traditions in India have surely been influenced by the long years of colonial rule that laid the foundation of the post-independence politico-administrative system of the country. This article seeks to present an analytical study of the intellectual roots of independent regulatory bodies in the two countries in a comparative perspective.

scholarly journals Economic value of ecological information in ecosystem-based natural resource management depends on exploitation history

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1658-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
James N. Sanchirico ◽  
Marissa L. Baskett
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge

Ecosystem approaches to natural resource management are seen as a way to provide better outcomes for ecosystems and for people, yet the nature and strength of interactions among ecosystem components is usually unknown. Here we characterize the economic benefits of ecological knowledge through a simple model of fisheries that target a predator (piscivore) and its prey. We solve for the management (harvest) trajectory that maximizes net present value (NPV) for different ecological interactions and initial conditions that represent different levels of exploitation history. Optimal management trajectories generally approached similar harvest levels, but the pathways toward those levels varied considerably by ecological scenario. Application of the wrong harvest trajectory, which would happen if one type of ecological interaction were assumed but in fact another were occurring, generally led to only modest reductions in NPV. However, the risks were not equal across fleets: risks of incurring large losses of NPV and missing management targets were much higher in the fishery targeting piscivores, especially when piscivores were heavily depleted. Our findings suggest that the ecosystem approach might provide the greatest benefits when used to identify system states where management performs poorly with imperfect knowledge of system linkages so that management strategies can be adopted to avoid those states.

Transition towards a Knowledge Society: Malaysia and Indonesia in Comparative Perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-373
Author(s):  
Hans-Dieter Evers
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Features

Malaysia and Indonesia see themselves as being on the way of developing into knowledge societies. Indonesia’s political leadership only vaguely circumscribes the characteristics of this new stage of development. Malaysia’s political elite has, however, developed a vision when and how to reach the stage of a fully developed industrialised nation with a knowledge-based economy. This paper outlines the basic features of a knowledge society and analyses some of the social and cultural preconditions as well as consequences in reaching the stage of a knowledge society. It finally attempts to answer the question, how far Malaysia and Indonesia have advanced towards the stage of a knowledge society in comparison to other European and Asian countries.

Understanding Post-Devolution Elections in Scotland and Wales in Comparative Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Jeffery ◽  
Dan Hough
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
State Level ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
British State

In this article, we explore the electoral dynamics of multi-level political systems for the case of the United Kingdom (Scotland and Wales) through a comparison with multi-level voting behaviour in Germany, Spain and Canada. The analysis suggests that sub-state elections can be `second order' in relation to state-wide elections, but that this `second orderness' is reduced when more powers are decentralized to the sub-state level (and, thus, more is at stake in sub-state elections), and if sub-state identities and parties are stronger. Consequently, elections in Scotland and Wales are unlikely to be or become only `second order' to Westminster elections, and British state-wide parties will continue to face challenges and pressures to adapt their organizations and programmes to the devolution of the British state.

scholarly journals Modeling the System of Development of the World Economy in the Conditions of Innovative Globalization Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
World System ◽  
Liouville Problem ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cauchy Problem ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Innovation Economy

The article substantiates the priority of intellectualization in the formation of the paradigm of civilizational development of world economies. The object of the study is the processes of development of the world economic system. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical provisions on the process of intellectualization of the economy, taking into account the information volume of innovative and creative components. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the processes of economic development of the world system, taking into account all changes and realities of modern globalization processes. The article deals with the phase coordinates of the economic system: innovative and creative, which are growing functions. The coefficient of intellectualization of the economy of the country is introduced and innovative thinking is represented by the operator who is applied to the volume of innovative knowledge. The development of an economic system is defined as the solution of the Sturm - Liouville problem, as the Cauchy problem for a system of first order ordinary differential equations. A differential equation is described, which describes the exponential law of self-growth of one's own array of innovative information in the process of innovative thinking. It is shown that for the present stage of development of economies of the world system is characterized by the coming of an era of intellectually-innovative paradigm, taking into account the actualization of formation of fundamentally new trends based on the priority of creation and use of intellectual resources acquired in the process of constant cognition. The graphical interpretation of the process of development of economies in which the array of innovative information is changed only due to innovative thinking is presented. The graph for developing economies in which the array of innovative information is changed only due to innovative thinking is given. It is proved that under the same initial conditions, but with different innovation levels, the economies of developing countries in the phase plane move on divergent trajectories. It is proved that the modern innovation economy is caused by a hierarchical structure, which is built on the level of innovative development, which is adequate to the size of its own array of innovative information with a creative group at the top.

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