The Ethics of Contemplation in ‘Wordsworth’

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Adam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oscar Wilde ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

Through the study of Plato, Pater was instrumental in changing the way Aristotle was read in Oxford’s Literae Humaniores as evident in his essay ‘On Wordsworth’ (1874). The more ideal elements of Aristotle’s Ethics are emphasized, particularly its passages on contemplation and energeia, in keeping with the image of the divine philosopher in Plato’s Theaetetus. Comparing Pater’s essay to Matthew Arnold’s essay on Wordsworth, it is discovered that it is their diverging views of Platonism that determine whether or not they view Wordsworth as a philosopher. Pater ascribes the ideal teaching of Aristotle to the mysticism of Wordsworth, particularly the ethical importance of contemplation, in being over doing, a preference which in turn affects Oscar Wilde and the values associated with aestheticism.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.L. Mills ◽  
M.E.J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The main findings from the study, some of which have led to altering perceptions of cheetah biology, are summarized. It is hoped that this will highlight topics for future cheetah research in order to expand knowledge of the species and its role in biodiversity. Comparisons of cheetah ecology and behaviour have been made between the southern Kalahari and other landscapes, especially the Serengeti Plains. These areas are at extremes of the cheetah’s habitat range and therefore differences in the way it has adapted to the southern Kalahari compared with the Serengeti would be expected. The Serengeti Plains, with their vast herds of gazelle and extremely open landscape, might appear to be the ideal habitat for the cheetah. However, it is not that simple and, in some respects cheetahs perform better in the southern Kalahari than they do on the Serengeti Plains. Arid systems are clearly important cheetah habitat.

scholarly journals Interfering Busybody or Public-Minded Citizen? The Actio Popularis as a Model for Reform of the Rules of Standing in Constitutional Cases in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Bede Xavier Harris ◽  
Elizabeth Pearl Harris
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The interpretation given by the courts to the word ‘matter’ in sections 75 and 76 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution, and the restrictive approach taken by the courts to what amounts to a sufficient interest in a matter, have led to the consequence that only litigants who can demonstrate a personal interest can bring an action to challenge a breach of the Constitution. This provides insufficient protection for constitutionalism because it means that the enforcement of the Constitution is contingent on there being a self-interested applicant who will bring an action – and, conversely, creates the risk that breaches of the Constitution will be allowed to stand in cases where those who do have standing find it in their political interests to refrain from taking action. With its focus on personal interest, the current approach excludes the altruistic applicant and runs counter to the theory that all citizens have a right to ensure that the Constitution is complied with. This paper examines the way in which the actio popularis of Roman law served the ideal of the engaged citizen by enabling citizens to initiate legal action to enforce public duties, and how modern equivalents of the actio in a number of jurisdictions achieve the same purpose. The paper draws on John Rawls’ theory of justice in arguing for reform of the law on standing in Australia so as to confer open standing in constitutional cases.

Bad Testimony: Making and Breaking the Rules of Witnessing

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-64
Author(s):  
Hannah Pollin-Galay
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

What is testimony? While most theorists have defined testimony based on deep truth structures, here the question is approached inductively, asking what kinds of speech the participants in each setting consider testimonial, and thus worth recording, and which they do not. In each ecology, participants rely on a different testimonial genre, a cluster of qualities and imaginative ideals, which helps them produce a recording together: 1) testimony in the English-language American context should be personal, in the way that the witness’s voice sounds and allegorical in its possible rhetorical outcome, 2) a communal witness voice, an “I” that incorporates political and national institutions, is more prominent among Hebrew-Israeli witnesses, and monumentality, the greatness or dignity of the narrator, is the ideal outcome of the process, 3) witnesses in the Yiddish-Lithuanian ecology tend to speak from an informal collective perspective, and point toward forensic accusation as the most ethical outcome of testifying. Since the power of these frameworks remains invisible when they are consensually applied, their presence becomes clearest, in fact, when participants run into conflict—in what we might call moments of “bad testimony.” The chapter also offers a brief genealogy of testimony taking in each of the three settings.

scholarly journals Apprenticeship in New Zealand : its development, present organization and administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Richard Vaughan Kriby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Organization And Administration ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
The Village ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

"Lumen Accipe et Imperti ", says the motto of Wellington College; and, in becoming a teacher, after being a pupil of the College, I fully accepted the injunction to receive the light and impart it. But it took the preparation of this thesis on the apprenticeship system to bring home to me the<br>strength of the human impulse implied in those four<br>Latin words.<br>In the ideal, the impulse is personified in Oliver Goldsmith's description of the village schoolmaster who "...tried each art, reproved each dull delay; Allur'd to brighter worlds, and led the way."<br><div>It is this impulse to seek skills and to hand them on which helps to explain the enigma of a system apparently always on the point of being out-moded, and yet surviving time and change, depression and prosperity, wars and its greatest challenge, the machine age.</div><div>In 1898 - before the Boer War - a Member of the New Zealand Parliament announced that a pair of boots had been made in 25 minutes, passing through 53 different machines and 63 pairs of hands. The tone of the brief, ensuing discussion was one suited to the occasion of an imminent demise, and a Bill for improvement of the apprenticeship system then before the House quietly expired.<br><br></div>

scholarly journals Cherchez l'homme

1970 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Eva Thienpont
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Oscar Wilde ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
The Way

Although in recent years scholars have developed a distinct interest inthe gender perceptions of Oscar Wilde, very little attention has beendevoted to the way in which the author depicts masculinities, particularlyin his comedies. This essay explores Wilde's treatment of the figuresof the Dandy and the Gentleman, the Jatter of which has beenlargely ignored in Wilde studies. It shows that, throughout his comedies,Wilde subverts the traditional images of Victorian masculinity normallyendorsed by nineteenth-century melodrama.

scholarly journals MAKING THE CONTENTS OF LETTERS IN THE NOTARIS IN ISLAM'S LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Tubus Tubus
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to examine the making of the contents of wills examined from the point of view of Islamic law, in practice the reality in the lives of many people who have not heed the word basmallah as an incantation in the contents of the will for the followers of Islam. In this study using sociological juridical method, where the primary data obtained directly from field research, while secondary data obtained from the literature. The results obtained that the way of making the contents of the will and the absence of public legal awareness is optimal for the making of the contents of wills in accordance with Islamic law. And there are still weaknesses in the Making and Implementation of the contents of the current will, when the testament is oral, namely: The absence of the sacred intention or the noble intention of the collector must not necessarily occur; unsecured rights of the recipient, in the event of any problems of the future heirs of the pewasiat; there is a difficulty of proof in the absence of witnesses, when the will is brought before the Court. Law renewal in the making of the contents of the will in the presence of a notary in the perspective of Islamic law are: the reconstruction of its value, the Ideal Formation of the Will, the testament is done in writing witnessed by two witnesses and before the Notary. Ideal Construction Format of Testament Creation. The testament is written in the presence of two witnesses or in the form of a Deed or a Notary Deed. At the head of the will or the Deed or Notarial deed is included a sentence “Basmallah”.

Han Yuandi, Reigned 48 to 33 B.C.E., and His Advisors

Early China ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 361-393 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Adoption ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

While Yuandi's reign is not known as a period of imperial expansion, discussions of the major questions of the concept of imperial government and the administrative problems of the day were to be of long-lasting influence. The views put forward by scholars and officials such as Xiao Wangzhi, Gong Yu, Wei Xuancheng, Kuang Heng, Liu Xiang and Yi Feng led the way to the open adoption of Zhou as the ideal which Wang Mang and subsequent emperors claimed to follow. Yuandi himself played little part in government; his advisors raised matters of religious cults, economic practice, the standards of officials, the extravagance of the palace, relations with non-Han leaders, and the value of holding outlying parts of the empire.

Spaces for Music in Sixteenth-Century Paduan Courts

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIDO BELTRAMINI
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Pietro Bembo ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Hadrian’S Villa ◽  
Hadrian's Villa ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter is dedicated to a particular culture relating to the way one might ideally lead one's life in line with ancient practices and views. The trend in question, which developed in Padua in the first half of the Cinquecento, was promoted by such humanists as Pietro Bembo, Alvise Cornaro and Marco Mantova Benavides. Exceptional connoisseurs of the mores and values of antiquity, these intellectuals personally supervised and directed the building of their homes. Following the model of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli, the complexes of these Paduan residences comprised dwelling areas, pavilions, large gardens and the installation of fountains, statues and rare plants. Inspired by literary sources, the ideal of recreating the ‘ancient’ way of life, in which music played a crucial role, was revived.

Kant’s Radical Critique of Ontotheology

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-248
Author(s):  
Uygar Abacı
Keyword(s):  
Ontological Argument ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Real ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the way Kant’s revolutionary theory of modality radicalizes his critique of ontotheology in the Ideal of Pure Reason. First it shows how Kant’s downgrading of his own precritical ‘only possible argument’ from an objectively valid demonstration of the real necessity of the existence of God to a subjectively valid demonstration of the necessity of assuming the idea of such a being is due to his shift from an ontological to an epistemological interpretation of the actualist principle. Second, it argues that Kant’s refutation of the traditional ontological argument in the Ideal follows a multilayered strategy, consisting of a combination of two historical lines of objection, only the second of which presupposes his negative thesis that existence is not a real predicate, as well as an additional, third objection based on his further thesis that all existential judgments are synthetic, albeit in a peculiar sense.

scholarly journals Before compassion: sympathy, tact and the history of the ideal nurse

2020 ◽  
pp. medhum-2019-011842
Author(s):  
Sarah Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The word ‘compassion’ is ubiquitous in modern healthcare. Yet few writers agree on what the term means, and what makes it an essential trait in nursing. In this article, I take a historical approach to the problem of understanding compassion. Although many modern writers have assumed that compassion is a universal and unchanging trait, my research reveals that the term is extremely new to healthcare, only becoming widely used in 2009. Of course, even if compassion is a new term in nursing, the concept could have previously existed under another name. I thus consider the emotional qualities associated with the ideal nurse during the interwar period in the UK. While compassion was not mentioned in nursing guidance in this era another term, ‘sympathy’, made frequent appearance. The interwar concept of sympathy, however, differs significantly from the modern one of compassion. Sympathy was not an isolated concept. In the interwar era, it was most often linked to the nurse’s tact or diplomacy. A closer investigation of this link highlights the emphasis laid on patient management in nursing in this period, and the way class differentials in emotion between nurse and patient were considered essential to the efficient running of hospitals. This model of sympathy is very different from the way the modern ‘compassion’ is associated with patient satisfaction or choice. Although contemporary healthcare policy assumes ‘compassion’ to be a timeless, personal characteristic rooted in the individual behaviours and choices of the nurse, this article concludes that compassionate nursing is a recent construct. Moreover, the performance of compassion relies on conditions and resources that often lie outside of the nurse’s personal control. Compassion in nursing—in theory and in practice—is inseparable from its specific contemporary contexts, just as sympathy was in the interwar period.

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