Conclusions to the Book

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
Barry Buzan ◽  
Evelyn Goh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Asian History ◽  
Northeast Asian

This concluding chapter to the whole volume returns to the overarching purpose of trying to stimulate rethinking of Sino-Japanese alienation. It pulls together the three Parts of the book, showing how the first two Parts provide a wider base of empirical evidence for rethinking how the history problem in Northeast Asia is currently understood and pursued, and how the third Part unpacks the ‘history problem’ variable in its broader geopolitical/historical order contexts. This chapter explains how the book provides ways to conceptually, politically, and normatively debate and reconceive the Northeast Asian history problem and Japan and China’s vital roles in the regional order.

The Blind Men, the Elephant, and Regional Order in Northeast Asia: Towards a New Conceptualization

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-531
Author(s):  
SAM-SANG JO
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Empirical World ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Rise Of China

AbstractNo theory seems to describe accurately and explain competently the new, unusual, and idiosyncratic Northeast Asian regional order phenomenon. It is because Northeast Asian specialists like the blind men have seen only one of the parts of the ‘Elephant’ or a part of what is taking place in Northeast Asia. This paper attempts to employ a new, more appropriate, more productive analytical tool to understand and navigate efficiently the Northeast Asian regional order. The main objective of this paper is ‘the rise of China and Northeast Asian regional order’, what it is and what is taking place in the empirical world when we say that something we call ‘the rise of China and Northeast Asian regional order’ is taking place.

Evaluating Northeast Asian History Collectively

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-126
Author(s):  
Barry Buzan ◽  
Evelyn Goh
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Asian History ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Normative Criteria ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Northeast Asian

Chapter 3 conducts a detailed historical survey of who did what to whom in Northeast Asia since 1840. The focus is on China, Japan, and the West, and the discussion is organized around the explicit set of normative criteria set up in chapter 2. These are applied systematically to both the local and the global stories. The normative framework aims to be broadly acceptable to the peoples in NEA and consists of five criteria: ridding NEA of Western imperialism/hegemony; increasing the absolute and relative wealth and power of NEA states and societies; restoring respect for NEA nations and their rightful place in global international society; promoting respectful relationships with their neighbours on the basis of sovereign and racial equality; and promoting the broadly Confucian ideal of an orderly, peaceful, and harmonious domestic society. The conclusion is that when NEA’s history is seen through these lenses, there are no obvious heroes or villains. Instead, there is a complex and densely connected joint story in which both countries (and also the West and Korea) have deeply mixed records, making positive contributions in some ways and negative ones in others. NEA’s shared story in its dual encounter is much more important than the stories of the individual countries and the local relationships.

Rethinking Sino-Japanese Alienation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Buzan ◽  
Evelyn Goh
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Great Power ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Global View ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Northeast Asian

Bitterly contested memories of war, colonization and empire among Japan, China, and Korea have increasingly threatened regional order and security over the three decades since the 1980s. In Sino-Japanese relations, identity, territory, and power pull together in a particularly lethal direction, generating dangerous tensions in both geopolitical and memory rivalries. Buzan and Goh explore a new approach to dealing with this history problem, first, by constructing a more balanced and global view of their shared history, and second, by sketching out the possibilities for a great power bargain in Northeast Asia. The book first puts Northeast Asia’s history since 1840 into both a world historical and a systematic normative context, exposing the parochial nature of the history debate in relation to what is a bigger shared story. It then explores the conditions under which China and Japan have been able to reach strategic bargains in the course of their long historical relationship, and uses this to sketch out the main modes of agreement that might underpin a new contemporary great power bargain between them in four future scenarios for the region. The frameworks adopted here consciously blend historical contextualization; enduring concerns with wealth, power, and interest; and the complex relationship between Northeast Asian states’ evolving encounters with each other and with global international society.

The Three Pillars of Radicalization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Jocelyn J. Bélanger ◽  
Rohan Gunaratna
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Local Network ◽  
The Third ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Mainstream Society

This book identifies the three major determinants of radicalization that progresses into violent extremism, the three Ns of radicalization. The first determinant is the need: Individuals’ universal desire for personal significance. The second determinant is the narrative. Because significance is conferred by members of one’s group, the group’s narrative guides members in their quest for significance. The third determinant is the network: membership of one’s group who validate the narrative and who dispense rewards (respect and veneration) to members who implement it. The quest for significance is activated in one of three major ways: (a) through a loss of significance occasioned by personal failure or affront to one’s social identity (e.g., ethnicity, religion, race), (b) through a threat of significance loss if one failed to respond to a challenge or to defend one’s group values, and/or (c) through an opportunity for a significance gain (e.g., becoming a hero or a martyr) by selflessly defending one’s group values. In groups that see their values (e.g., religion, sovereignty, culture) under threat from some (real or imagined) actor, the narrative often justifies violence against the detractor and portrays it as a supreme road to significance. Especially where violence is contrary to the norms of the mainstream society, validation of the violence–significance link by the local network is particularly important. The present 3N model of radicalization and the varied empirical evidence that supports it are leveraged to interpret prior theories of radicalization and to address major issues in the domains of deradicalization and recidivism.

Peaceful Change in Northeast Asia: Maintaining the “Minimal Peace”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhubhindar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Liberal Internationalism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
The Cold War

Northeast Asia is usually associated with conflict and war. Out of the five regional order transitions from the Sinocentric order to the present post–Cold War period, only one was peaceful, the Cold War to post–Cold War transition. In fact, the peaceful transition led to a state of minimal peace in post–Cold War Northeast Asia. As the chapter discusses, this was due to three realist-liberal factors: America’s hegemonic role, strong economic interdependence, and a stable institutional structure. These factors not only ensured development and prosperity but also mitigated the negative effects of political and strategic tensions between states. However, this minimal peace is in danger of unraveling. Since 2010, the region is arguably in the early stages of another transition fueled by the worsening Sino-US competition. While the organizing ideas of liberal internationalism—economic interdependence and institutional building—will remain resilient, whether or not minimal peace is sustainable will be determined by the outcome of the US-China competition.

Experiences in the Blue Economy Development of Northeast Asia Countries in the Context of Industrial Revolution 4.0 – Implication for Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2167-2175
Author(s):  
Dr. Pham Ngoc Tram Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
National Development ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Marine Economy ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Northeast Asian

In the 21st century, in addition to the growing population and the depletion of land-based mineral and energy resources, the development of coastal economic sectors has become a new global concern.  Therefore, all marine countries in the world consider the development and use of marine resources an essential part of their national development strategy. The marine economy gradually stimulates competition among nations. This article is based on the synthesis of documents to learn and analyze experiences of coastal development in some Northeast Asian countries in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. From there, draw reference lessons for Vietnam.

Naturalized Aesthetics and Emotion Theory

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Reisenzein
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Concrete Application ◽  
Emotion Theory

Murray Smith’s proposal in Film, Art, and the Third Culture for a naturalized aesthetics is of interest to both film theorists and psychologists: for the former, it helps to elucidate how films work; for the latter, it provides concrete application cases of psychological theories. However, there are reasons for believing that the theory of emotions that Smith has adopted from psychology to ground his case studies—an extended version of basic emotions theory—is less well supported than he suggests. The available empirical evidence seems more compatible with the assumption that the different emotions are outputs of a single, integrated system.

Language dispersals and the “Secondary Peoples’ Revolution”

2020 ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Mark James Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
State Control ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
The Bronze Age

Population growth and demic diffusion help explain the early Neolithic expansions of agriculture and Transeurasian languages in Northeast Asia. By the Bronze Age, alluvial agrarian states had come to possess considerable political and economic dominance over their subjects in the civilizational centers of Eurasia. At the same time, however, Bronze Age economies offered new opportunities for trade and secondary expansion into areas outside state control. This chapter argues that the resulting population movements—here termed the “secondary peoples’ revolution”—were of great significance in the post-Neolithic dispersals of Transeurasian languages. Four examples are briefly discussed: steppe nomadic pastoralism, Sakha horse and cattle husbandry, northeast Asian hunter-gatherers, and agriculture associated with trade/piracy networks in the Ryukyu Islands.

India and the Challenge of the Global South

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Vinay Lal
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Popular Cinema ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Asian History ◽  
The Poor ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Asian History ◽  
The Third World

The idea of the ‘Global South’ arose from the conference of African and Asian nations at Bandung in 1955 even if the term has only recently entered academic parlance. To many it evokes what used to be called the Third World, just as it calls to mind anti-colonial struggles of the 1950s to the 1970s. However, the question is whether the idea of ‘Global South’ can be recuperated to furnish a more ecologically pluralistic framework of knowledge that would also accommodate more radical conceptions of dissent leading to social justice for the poor and the disenfranchised. After probing the prevalent ideas of ‘South Asia’ and the scholarship on South Asian history and religion, this chapter asks what the notion of Indic civilization brings to the idea of the Global South. It explores briefly the emancipatory potential of Indian epics and popular cinema, commenting besides on the varieties of Islam from South and Southeast Asia, before concluding with a lengthier exploration of the Indian idea of hospitality and how it can be channelled to contest the categories of modern knowledge systems.

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