“A Swissman in the Middle of Germany”

Karl Barth ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 199-267
Author(s):  
Christiane Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Process ◽  
Confessing Church ◽  
Loyalty Oath ◽  
The University ◽  
Summer Semester

In the summer semester of 1930, Barth moved to Bonn. He was soon drawn into a conflict with German nationalists about the German pacifist and theologian Günther Dehn, whom Barth defended. A few months after Adolf Hitler’s appointment as Reich Chancellor in 1933, Barth wrote Theological Existence Today!, declaring that church and theology constitute a boundary for every state, even a totalitarian one. At the same time, Barth’s domestic situation grew more difficult, leading him to consider divorce. In 1934 Barth co-authored the Barmen Theological Declaration of the Confessing Church. Barth didn’t conform with even minor regulations at the university and refused to swear the loyalty oath to Hitler without an addendum. This led to Barth’s suspension as professor, followed by a disciplinary criminal process, in which Barth protested that Hitler was treated as a second God. The process led to Barth’s compulsory retirement in 1935.

scholarly journals Rape in Finnish criminal law and process - A discussion on, and beyond, consent

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Daniela Alaattinoğlu ◽  
Heini Kainulainen ◽  
Johanna Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
The University

Chapter 20 of the Finnish Criminal Code, which regulates sexual offences, is currently undergoing structural changes. Focusing on the section of rape, this article investigates the amendments proposed by the Ministry of Justice in 2020 in the light of the current Finnish legislation, legal practice, supranational normative developments and societal change. Lessons are drawn from a recent research project about the attrition of sexual violence in the Finnish criminal process by a research team at the University of Turku. The article welcomes the increased emphasis on voluntariness, contextuality, power imbalances and communication in the suggested draft law. It also criticises some weaknesses of the draft legislation. Conclusively, it proposes further action to improve legal clarity and strengthen the enforcement of a new legal conceptualisation of sexual violence.

scholarly journals An event that impacted the Transylvanian pharmacist education 100 years ago

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Péter H. Mária
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loyalty Oath ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

Abstract In Kolozsvár, on 17th of September 1872, a Hungarian royal university was founded with 4 faculties 1- Law and Political Sciences, 2. Medical, 3. Arts (liberal), Language and History of Science, 4. Mathemathics and Natural History faculties. In 1881 the University picked up the Ferencz József University of Science name. There was no independent Medicine trainingfacultyt at this time yet. Pharmacists were taught in the Medical and Natural History faculties. In December 1918, during the first world war, Kolozsvár was moved under Romanian rule. On the 9th of May in 1919 the Romanian authorities called the acadamic senate (school staff) to do loyalty oath for the Romanian king.This was refused by the university teachers. After this event, teachers were moved out from this building along with the entire equipement of the University, and the place was occupied by the Romanian university. As, by this, theHungarian language acadamic education became impossible the first stage of the life of(Hungarian King) Ferencz József University of Sciense ended. First, the major part of theprofessors and students emigrated to Budapest while later on in 1921 the University wastemporarily established in Szeged. The University in Szeged took not onlythe legal continuity of the institute through its name but its professors also maintained and cherished all the traditions of the institute through many long coming years. Starting from 1921/1922 many student with transilvanian origin obtained pharmacist’s degree here many of whom later returned and worked in their native country.

scholarly journals It’s a Challenge, Not a Threat: Lecturers’ Satisfaction During the Covid-19 Summer Semester of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Feldhammer-Kahr ◽  
Maria Tulis ◽  
Eline Leen-Thomele ◽  
Stefan Dreisiebner ◽  
Daniel Macher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Distance Teaching ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The University ◽  
Summer Semester ◽  
Sources Of Influence

The summer semester had just begun at Austrian and German universities when Covid-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, in March 2020, all universities closed their campuses, switching to distance learning within the span of about a single day. How did lecturers handle the situation? Were they still able to turn the situation into a positive one? What were the main obstacles with this difficult situation, and where there conditions which helped them to overcome the new challenges? These are research questions of the present survey with a sample of 1,152 lecturers at universities in Austria and Germany. The survey focuses on the lecturers’ appraisals of the novel situation as challenging or threatful. These appraisals are important for approaching a situation or shying away from it. However, how well a person adjusts to a novel situation is also influenced by personal and environmental resources which help to overcome the situation. The present survey focused on four possible sources of influence: internal assessments of the situation determining it to be threatening and/or challenging, personal resources, attitudes, and support by the organization. It was investigated to which degree these sources of influence could contribute to the lecturers’ satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) with their teaching processes. A multiple regression with three criterion variables describing university lecturers’ perceived satisfaction with distance teaching was carried out. Predictor variables were the lecturers’ appraisals of challenge and threat, perceived support by the university and sense of belonging to the university, temporal resources, proficiency in using digital technologies, length of teaching experience, and gender. Lecturers were mostly satisfied with their teaching activities. Together with the perception of a low threat potential, challenge appraisals contributed strongest to satisfaction. In comparison, assessments of actual personal resources, skills in the use of digital technologies, teaching experience, and temporal resources were important but contributed less to satisfaction than challenge appraisals. It seems that lecturers were only able to use these resources when the technological resources were available and when the lecturers were confident in their technical abilities.

scholarly journals Vom Corona-Shutdown zur Blended University?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Seyfeli ◽  
Laura Elsner ◽  
Klaus Wannemacher
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
Summer Semester

The expert survey "Digitales Sommersemester" focuses on the medium-term consequences of the corona pandemic for studies and teaching. On the basis of multi-perspective surveys among students, lecturers and employees of support institutions, a differentiated picture of the university in shutdown is created. The study reveals the university‘s ability to react quickly during the crisis, as well as the many challenges posed by the pandemic-related ‚operational disruption‘ and abrupt digitalization in the summer semester of 2020. Based on a stakeholder-specific analysis of key problems and the need for action in higher education policy, the study provides a brief outlook on a post-corona university.

Berufsrelevante L2-Schreibkompetenz fördern durch Fordern

Fachsprache ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-209
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Janisch ◽  
Eva Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Improving Writing ◽  
The University ◽  
Summer Semester

This article outlines approaches on how to support writing skills and text competence when teaching German as a foreign language. The main question is whether and how dealing in detail with one’s own mistakes and actively analysing one’s own writing process can contribute to improving writing skills in teaching German as a foreign language. Reflections which were written down during the 2013/14 winter and 2016 summer semester at the University of Graz by students studying German as a foreign language, level C1, serve as basis for this article. These reflections refer to texts gathered within one semester respectively. They address subjects relevant to the daily life of a translator in training, such as economics, law, culture, medicine and technology. During this period of reflection, students addressed the question of whether their approach to writing texts has changed in the course of one semester. In addition, they were asked to focus on which mistakes were made repeatedly and to which error category they belonged. Furthermore, they examined the areas in which they feel that they have personally improved and see their strengths. This article aims to demonstrate to what extent this teaching approach succeeded.

The Case of Martha Deane: Sexuality and Power at Cold War UCLA

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Korean War ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Appellate Court ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Loyalty Oath ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The University

Despite widespread support for the postwar expansion of higher education, U.S. colleges and universities in the early 1950s were not isolated from broader social currents, and the deep social anxieties and political tensions of the Cold War found their way onto college campuses. In 1952, the University of California was still reeling from the loyalty oath controversy. In the late 1940s the University of California, like other universities nationwide, had been viewed with increasing suspicion by anti-Communist groups. The search for subversives in California institutions, spearheaded by the Tenney Committee of the California State Legislature, led the University of California's Board of Regents to add a disclaimer of membership in any organization advocating the overthrow of the United States to the oath of allegiance already required of faculty. In an atmosphere of rising hysteria about possible subversives and Communists in academia, on February 24, 1950, the Regents voted to fire anyone employed by the University of California who failed to sign the oath. This decision led to strong opposition from students and faculty. Despite these protests, and particularly after the outbreak of the Korean War in June, 1950, the Regents held firm. On August 25, 1950, thirty-one members of the University of California faculty were dismissed because they refused to sign the loyalty oath. None of them was accused of being a Communist or subversive. After an appellate court ruled against the Regents, in October 1951 the Regents voted to rescind the oath, but maintained their stance that the university would not employ Communists. Although the California Supreme Court upheld the ruling of the appellate court and the non-signers were reinstated to the university, the mood at the university, as in the nation as a whole, continued to be one of anxiety and unease.

The Fundamental Issue

2018 ◽  
pp. 312-329
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Board Of Regents ◽  
Loyalty Oath ◽  
The University

This chapter focuses on the most difficult time in Ernst Kantorowicz's life. He had supposed that he would be remaining in Berkeley for the rest of his career. Everything was going well. But in June 1949, a bitter controversy broke out at the University of California. Driven by principle, Kantorowicz involved himself in struggle until late August 1950, when he was defeated and fired. At issue was the loyalty oath that President Robert Sproul required all university academic employees to sign. At the time, America was obsessed about communism. Concerned about the possibility of the legislature interfering directly in the university's affairs and curtailing financial support, Sproul asked the Board of Regents to introduce an enhanced loyalty oath to be signed by all university academic employees. Kantorowicz refused to sign the oath, which led to his firing.

Das sogenannte Böse

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Debate ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
The Media ◽  
University Of Göttingen ◽  
The University ◽  
Summer Semester

Crime is omnipresent in our society. Every day we are confronted with fictional portrayals of crime and reports of real instances of crime, especially the violent type, in the media. However, crime is also being increasingly perceived as a significant problem in politics. This public debate, which is influenced by current moods and superficial observations, needs to be addressed with a more fundamental examination of crime. This book endeavours to present both content-related aspects and the views and ideas of disciplines and sub-disciplines that are important for this subject. It is based on the series of lectures of the same name, which took place at the University of Göttingen in the summer semester of 2019.

Intellectual and Personal Biography I

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-33
Author(s):  
Frank Jehle
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Confessing Church ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Dialectical Theology ◽  
Anselm Of Canterbury ◽  
The University

This chapter recounts the path of Barth’s life between 1921 and 1935. It first reflects on how the second edition of Barth’s commentary on Romans precipitated a widespread movement of thought called dialectical theology, which led in turn to Barth’s move from the pastorate in Switzerland to a chair in Göttingen as Professor of Reformed Theology. The chapter next explores Barth’s time as Professor of Dogmatics and New Testament Exegesis in Münster (1925–1930), at which time contact with Roman Catholic theologians became important for the development of his thought. Barth’s appointment at the University of Bonn in 1930 marks the third phase of the chapter, which considers the beginnings of Barth’s great work—Church Dogmatics—and Barth’s intensive engagement with the writings of Anselm of Canterbury. Finally, the chapter details Barth’s involvement in addressing the problems and failures of the Protestant churches in Germany following Hitler’s seizure of power in 1933, his work in helping to establish the Confessing Church, and his role in the composition of the Theological Declaration of Barmen in 1934.

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