Test Case 1

Author(s):  
G. E. R. Lloyd

Do all humans engaged in ‘mathematics’? That is, can mathematics be considered a viable category of intelligent activity that can be applied cross-culturally? That question must be raised because of the evident diversity in the practices and ideas that have some claim to be thought of as relating to that category. This chapter considers the evidence from modern indigenous societies, such as the Wari’, and from ancient ones such as the Greeks and Chinese, to investigate the different notions that have been entertained (sometimes even with a single ‘culture’) and the various practices that have been cultivated and often highly prized, in relation to the key notions of quantity, number, shapes, and forms. It concludes that it is possible, within limits, to compare and contrast such ideas and activities.

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clifton Black

Most of the standard treatments of Martin Luther's biblical exegesis move deductively: general propositions are enunciated (e.g., Holy Scripture as its own interpreter; all correct interpretation standing under the rule of the analogy of faith, construed Christocentrically) and are then supported with extracts from the Weimar Ausgabe or Luther's Works. Genuinely instructive as such a procedure can be, its total effect is often a rather ‘flat’ or undifferentiated presentation of Luther's biblical interpretation throughout his career. Perhaps some of the dimensions of the subject — the unity and diversity, the constancy and development — would become clearer were we to adopt a more inductive procedure: to examine, compare, and contrast three different specimens of Luther's exegesis of a single text.


In today’s world many engineers have been concentrating in developing various tools for detection of tumor and processing its medical images. The extraction of brain tumor and analysing it is a very challenging task in the field of healthcare. Segmentation’s introduction solves the complexity to medical imaging and in turn “MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)” proves to bea very useful diagnostic tool for the detection of brain tumorin MRI’s. Here we have performed a comparative study between various clustering and segmentation algorithms. In healthcare field, detection of brain tumor from MRI of the brain, is the current most favourable and seeded area of research. Detecting tumors is one of the major focus areas of the system, it plays a critical role in extraction of details from graphic generated contents of the healthcare. MRI’s with brain scans are used in the processes. We have implemented “k-means, fuzzy-c means and watershed segmentation”with various soft computing image processing techniques in various test case scenarios which allows us to compare and contrast between the stated techniques. This paper also focuses on enhancing the performance of the algorithms by setting up a suitable parallel environment for these three tumor detection techniques. This will allow multiple MRI’s being evaluated simultaneously.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Shrock

Thomas Reid often seems distant from other Scottish Enlightenment figures. While Hume, Hutcheson, Kames, and Smith wrestled with the nature of social progress, Reid was busy with natural philosophy and epistemology, stubbornly loyal to traditional religion and ethics, and out of touch with the heart of his own intellectual world. Or was he? I contend that Reid not only engaged the Scottish Enlightenment's concern for improvement, but, as a leading interpreter of Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon, he also developed a scheme to explain the progress of human knowledge. Pulling thoughts from across Reid's corpus, I identify four key features that Reid uses to distinguish mature sciences from prescientific arts and inquiries. Then, I compare and contrast this scheme with that of Thomas Kuhn in order to highlight the plausibility and originality of Reid's work.


Author(s):  
Sharon Hecker

Medardo Rosso (1858–1928) is one of the most original and influential figures in the history of modern art, and this book is the first historically substantiated critical account of his life and work. An innovative sculptor, photographer, and draftsman, Rosso was vital in paving the way for the transition from the academic forms of sculpture that persisted in the nineteenth century to the development of new and experimental forms in the twentieth century. His antimonumental, antiheroic work reflected alienation in the modern experience yet showed deep feeling for interactions between self and other. Rosso's art was transnational: he refused allegiance to a single culture or artistic heritage and declared himself both a citizen of the world and a maker of art without national limits. This book develops a narrative that is an alternative to the dominant Franco-centered perspective on the origin of modern sculpture in which Rodin plays the role of lone heroic innovator. Offering an original way to comprehend Rosso, the book negotiates the competing cultural imperatives of nationalism and internationalism that shaped the European art world at the fin de siècle.


2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Larry Schweikart ◽  
Lynne Pierson Doti

In Gold Rush–era California, banking and the financial sector evolved in often distinctive ways because of the Gold Rush economy. More importantly, the abundance of gold on the West Coast provided an interesting test case for some of the critical economic arguments of the day, especially for those deriving from the descending—but still powerful—positions of the “hard money” Jacksonians.


2003 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Foster ◽  
Joost Waeterloos ◽  
Don Frye ◽  
Steve Froelicher ◽  
Mike Mills

AbstractThe electronics industry, in a continual drive for improved integrated device performance, is seeking increasingly lower dielectric constants (k) of the insulators that are used as interlayer dielectric (ILD) for advanced logic interconnects. As the industry continually seeks a stepwise reduction of the “effective” dielectric constant (keff), simple extendibility, leads to the consideration of the highest performance possible, namely air bridge technology. In this paper we will discuss requirements, integration schemes and properties for a novel class of materials that has been developed as part of an advanced technology probe into air bridge architecture. We will compare and contrast these potential technology offerings with other existing dense and porous ILD integration options, and show that the choice is neither trivial nor obvious.


2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
James Crossley

Using the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible as a test case, this article illustrates some of the important ways in which the Bible is understood and consumed and how it has continued to survive in an age of neoliberalism and postmodernity. It is clear that instant recognition of the Bible-as-artefact, multiple repackaging and pithy biblical phrases, combined with a popular nationalism, provide distinctive strands of this understanding and survival. It is also clear that the KJV is seen as a key part of a proud English cultural heritage and tied in with traditions of democracy and tolerance, despite having next to nothing to do with either. Anything potentially problematic for Western liberal discourse (e.g. calling outsiders “dogs,” smashing babies heads against rocks, Hades-fire for the rich, killing heretics, using the Bible to convert and colonize, etc.) is effectively removed, or even encouraged to be removed, from such discussions of the KJV and the Bible in the public arena. In other words, this is a decaffeinated Bible that has been colonized by, and has adapted to, Western liberal capitalism.


2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
F. Pigeonneau ◽  
Francois Feuillebois
Keyword(s):  

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