Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory: Relevance and Need for Refinement

The purpose of this article is to highlight the relevance of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) in contemporary and future practice, explicitly within the global self-care movement and interprofessional healthcare. The authors discuss the relevance and important strengths within Orem’s nursing theory and recommend theoretical refinement within the context of significant societal and healthcare transformation. The constructs of global people-centered care and population health, with related social determinants of health, are identified as critical areas for development if SCDNT is to have continued relevance for nursing practice. Implications for theoretical thinking and nursing education are recommended.

Self-care deficit versus the potential to improve self-care: explanation of the nurse's clinical judgments

Background: people who become functionally dependent due to serious illness and/or the worsening of a chronic illness have different recovery paths. The attribution of the nursing diagnosis of self-care deficit versus potential to improve self-care requires, on the part of the nurse, a rigorous clinical judgment, for which a set of diagnostic activities is necessary. Objectives: the present study sought to identify the assumptions used by expert nurses when formulating the clinical judgment of self-care deficit versus the potential to improve self-care Methodology: qualitative design. Data were generated in two focus group meetings that included eleven nurses experienced in caring for persons with functional dependence and self-care defict. Previously prepared structured questions were used to facilitate discussion. The focus group meetings were recorded in audio and transcribed. Inductive content analysis was used to identify emerging themes. The checklist Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was also used. Results: nurses` decision-making depends: the factors of influencing the potential to improve self-care abilities of a person with functional dependence, the domain of influence of these factors, and three fundamental aspects to consider when evaluating a person with functional dependence. Conclusions: the absence of recovery potential can rarely be deduced. People without cognitive impairment or with mild cognitive impairment present highest potential for recovery.

Penerapan Activity Daily Living (ADL) Makan Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Pada Pasien Skizofrenia Dengan Defisit Perawatan Diri Makan

Feeding self-care deficit is a person's inability to perform eating activities according to the proper way of eating. Activity Daily Living (ADL) therapy is one of the therapies claimed to be able to increase the patient's independence in improving how to eat. To apply Activity Daily Living (ADL) in patients with feeding self-care deficit to increase self-feeding independence. The research was a descriptive study with a case study approach conducted in the working area of Puskesmas Dukuhwaru, Tegal Regency. It was carried out on 15-17 February 2021. Data were obtained through interviews, observation and physical examination and presented in narrative form. After performed the intervention for 3 days, the results showed an increase in self-feeding independence in both subjects. It described at the third day of the research. Patients with nursing problems of feeding self-care deficit are recommended to provide ADL to increase the patient's independence. Keywords: Activity Daily Living (ADL); Feeding Self-Care Deficit; Mental Nursing Care AbstrakDefisit Perawatan Diri Makan merupakan ketidakmampuan seseorang dalam melakukan aktivitas makan sesuai tata cara makan yang benar. Terapi Activity Daily Living (ADL) menjadi salah satu terapi yang diyakini mampu meningkatkan kemandirian pasien dalam meningkatkan cara makan. Dapat menerapkan terapi Activity Daily Living (ADL) pada pasien defisit perawatan diri makan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian makan. Peneliti ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, lokasi studi kasus di Wilayah Puskesmas Dukuh waru Kabupaten Tegal dilakukan tanggal 15-17 Februari 2021, data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan pemeriksaan fisik. data disajikan dalam bentuk naratif. Setelah dilakukan intervensi selama 3 hari didapatkan hasil adanya peningkatkan makan pada kedua subjek penelitian yaitu dari ketergantungan makan pada awal pengkajian menjadi setelah selesai makan pada hari ketiga penelitian. Pasien dengan masalah keperawatan defisit perawatan diri makan dianjurkan untuk memberikan terapi Activity Daily Living (ADL) untuk meningkatkan kemandirian pasien dalam meningkatkan kemandirian.Kata Kunci: Activity Daily Living (ADL); Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa; Defisit Perawatan Diri Makan

Déficit Del Autocuidado En El Adulto Mayor Con Diabetes

Older adults who go through a situation of family abandonment tend to suffer from sadness, loneliness or even worse depression, which leads to various situations in their daily lives. Most older adults suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus, living with this pathology requires multiple care and interventions by the person himself and with the support of the rest of the family, in order to provide adequate routine care for the patient; That is why when there is family neglect, patients lose interest in taking care of themselves and tend to fall into a routine. In the present study, the self-care deficit in older adults was identified. It is a study of non-experimental quantitative design, cross-sectional, correlational, since it is carried out at a specific time and the variables do not have a control. The population is older adults with diabetes pathology, inhabitants of a day house in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The sample consisted of 30 people by availability. A survey was conducted among the elderly, only patients living with diabetes pathology to make an analysis of the care performed. As results, it was obtained that approximately 3% of older adults in a home for the elderly in Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, carry out proper self-care in their daily activities. A third of older adults have a self-care deficit, it is associated with different situations, starting with non-adherence to treatment and unhealthy habits. The majority of older adults have self-care deficits and therefore tend to be complicated by the pathologies they suffer, it is likely that their blood glucose levels are elevated, as well as the appearance of xerosis on the skin on the feet and hands; To correct this behavior, it is suggested to carry out workshops to teach the correct way to carry out adequate care, as well as to encourage adherence to treatments, carry out a good diet and exercise regularly in order to improve their health and extend life expectancy.

Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to Improve Children's Self-Care: An Integrative Review

Often school-age children are thought of as dependent on their parents and not necessarily involved in behaviors related to their own self-care. It is important to implement and advance self-care performance early in life to promote healthy lifestyles. This review examined the use of Orem's Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory in relation to children's self-care behaviors. This integrative review followed the Whittemore and Knafl guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using the nursing databases. The sixteen study articles were identified for the review, and five themes were identified. Children can develop skills and actively participate in maintaining health and wellbeing. Self-care programs based on Orem's theory are well suited to assist individuals including children to improve self-care skills that lead better self-care practices. Nurses guided by Orem's SCDNT will be well equipped to promote children's knowledge and self-care skills for maintaining health and preventing negative health outcomes.

Testing a Middle -Range Theory of Heart Failure Self-Care

A middle-range theory of heart failure self-care, derived from the self-care deficit theory of nursing, was tested among 175 Arab American older adults with heart failure. The middle-range theory achieved good statistical fit, but not all hypothesized relationships were supported. Specifically, conceptualizing basic conditioning factors as a single latent variable was not supported. However, individual factors of depression, social support, and time living with heart failure had a direct effect on both self-care agency and quality of life. Understanding predictors and outcomes of self-care within a theoretical framework is essential in caring for patients with heart failure.

Experience of the patient's success in facing post-stroke urinary incontinence: the patient's perspective

Objective Post-stroke urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the sequelae of stroke. This situation affects all aspects of the patient's life – physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. This study aimed to investigate the experience of patients’ success in facing a post-stroke UI. Methods A qualitative study using the Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) approach was used in this study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling. In-depth interviews with as many as 8 patients who had recovered from post-stroke UI and living in the greater area of Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesia) were conducted. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 8 caregivers and 2 nurses. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach and interpretation of data was based on Humanbecoming theory and Self-care deficit theory of nursing. Results Five successful things the patients experienced during post-stroke UI were identified. The five successes were as follows: they provided information to get to know and understand post-stroke UI, followed the procedures to overcome post-stroke UI, conducted self-control exercises and stayed motivated, performed daily activities independently according to ability, and made use of family support and peers’ attention. Conclusions These findings indicated that persistence, belief, independence, and social support (family and peer) made patients to successfully face their post-stroke UI and improved their quality of life. These findings also became the basis for developing a post-stroke UI management model based on Humanbecoming theory and Self-care deficit theory of nursing.

Lived experiences of homelessness among elderly women: a phenomenological study

Background: Homelessness is a global issue that has a devastating impact on elderly women’s health. It is estimated that100 million people are considered homeless worldwide. Aim: to explore the lived experiences of homelessness among elderly women. Research question: What are the lived experiences of homelessness among elderly women? Sample: A purposive sample of 30 homless elderly women. Setting: a selected homelessness shelter. Tools: 1- A structured questionnaire of personal and medical data. 2- Semi-structured interview with open-ended questions. 3- Field notes. Results/Themes: five themes were represented; (1) Living without basic human needs (food, water, sleep &shelter), (2) Self-care deficit. (self-neglect, poor hygiene and bad odor). (3) Bio- psycho- social health problems (fear, aggressive behavior, depression, suicidal ideation, isolation, hopelessness, loss of family role, vision problems, diabetic foot and lack of acces to health care services), (4) Emotional distress (uncertainity, loss of interest, suicidal ideation, bad feeling, feeling lonely), (5) Strategies for resolution (religious and expression of feelings). Conclusion: Majority of homless elderly women experienced living without basic human needs, bio-psychsocial health problems, self-care deficit which predispose them to many devastating health consequences. Recommmendations: Employ urgent interventions to solve the unique and challenging health problems/needs of this vulnerable group; raising community awarness about the nature, and process of homelessness phenomena and conduct bio-psychosocial interventions studies of homeless elderly women. Key words: Lived experiences, homeless elderly women, phenomenological study.