scholarly journals Conclusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Brigitte Unger ◽  
Lucia Rossel ◽  
Joras Ferwerda
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
International Taxation ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Policy Measures

This chapter presents the conclusions of the book in the light of the ecosystem approach. The chapter shows that there is a paradigm shift in the international taxation regime. Also, although international regulations such as Automatic Exchange of Information show some impact, the regulation aimed to tackle corporate tax avoidance, like BEPS, was less successful. Finally, the chapter outlines concrete policy measures to increase transparency and reduce secrecy. There is an emphasis, as in so many of the chapters in this book, on the idea that increasing transparency and reducing secrecy is the magic tool for combatting tax avoidance, tax evasion and money laundering, and for empowering the regulators.

scholarly journals A Study on Anti-Money Laundering: Principles And Perceptions in Context to India

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
R. Harika ◽  
V. N. V. Sai Ramresh
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Combat Money Laundering

Tax evasion is the focal turn of numerous genuine offenses. Hacking frameworks or laundering cash has become an extraordinary calling of individuals where they exploit distinctive monetary and general sets of laws of various nations. AML is needed to make the country less appealing for the launderers, in this manner shielding the monetary area from functional and reputational hazards. To have a thorough paper, the paper is partitioned into four sections. Part I opens up with clarifying the ideas and cycles of tax evasion calling attention to the causes and methods of illegal tax avoidance. Part II moves with rules and guidelines/control instruments to manage the issue of illegal tax avoidance. Considering the previously mentioned conversation Part III continues in expounding the ideas to have a decent enemy of tax evasion system. The paper is the principal endeavor to move toward AML Bill 2008 to combat money laundering.

Ending the Tax Haven Scandals

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Kudrle
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Formula Apportionment ◽  
Automatic Information ◽  
Tax Haven ◽  
The World ◽  
Taking Action

States around the world appear more determined than ever to end tax haven abuse. The new U.S. administration, for example, is taking action against both major tax haven problems: corporation income tax avoidance and personal income tax evasion. Some progress may be made. This essay argues, however, that only radically new policy will likely suffice either to shore up corporate tax revenues or to sharply diminish evasion. Global formula apportionment is needed if the corporate income tax is to be preserved, and only a combination of automatic information sharing among governments and source withholding can stamp out evasion. As in most areas of international economic policy, U.S. leadership is essential.

scholarly journals The Effect of Public Share Ownership on Tax Evasion: Study on Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange Between 2008-2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikbal Abdullah ◽  
Andi Chairil Furqan ◽  
Ni Made Suwitri Parwati ◽  
Asmanurhidayani Asmanurhidayani
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Public Ownership ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Share Ownership ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Share

Increasing the concentration of ownership and control of public companies in Indonesia is more likely to increase the likelihood of earnings management practices through tax avoidance. The high percentage of concentrated ownership has encouraged the government and capital market regulators to more broadly promote regulations related to tax incentives and public ownership in order to encourage more transparent practices. This study aims to analyze the policy of public ownership of tax avoidance conducted by Indonesian public companies, specifically after the regulation of Government Regulation No. 81 of 2007 concerning Reduction of Income Tax Rates for Domestic Corporate Taxpayers in the Form of Public Companies, and Minister of Financial Regulation No. 238 / PMK.03 / 2008 concerning Procedures for Implementing and Supervision of Granting Tariff Reductions for Domestic Corporate Taxpayers in the Form of Public Companies. More specifically, this study aims to analyze the impact of public share ownership on tax avoidance by Indonesian public companies. The samples of 320 observations that conducted (firm-years) during 2008-2011. The software that will be used in data analysis is STATA 12. The results showed that the increase in public ownership have a significant effect in improve the practice of corporate tax avoidance, which it is also evidenced by the significant differences in the corporate tax avoidance practices before than after the enactment of these regulations. The findings show that the greater the proportion of public share ownership would result the decreasing number of ETR or ETRC which can be indicated that the greater the practice of corporate tax avoidance. Furthermore, the ROA variable has a negative and significant effect on corporate tax avoidance practices, meaning that the greater the profitability ratio of a company can cause the reported and paid tax burden to decrease.

Addressing illicit financial flows in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Otto Schlenther
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows

Purpose This paper aims to identify the underlying key components of illicit financial flows (IFFs) and highlights the priority areas where government resources should be pooled under a whole of government approach to mitigate the risks posed by IFFs. These areas are tax avoidance and tax evasion (specifically intra-company profit shifting, investment and profit shifting within the extractive sector, fraud and beneficial ownership), anti-corruption measures, governance and accountability measures, anti-money laundering effectiveness and effectiveness in the detection of falsified customs declarations. Design/methodology/approach The concept of IFFs is emerging as an umbrella term for bringing together seemingly disconnected issues. The concept is ill-defined, but there are various identifiable components supporting the term IFF such as capital flight, corruption, money laundering, tax avoidance, tax havens and transfer pricing practices. The author identifies the key areas of concern through a literature review and recommends prioritization of short- to medium-term risk areas and long-term policy imperatives. Findings In the short- to medium-term, an effective “whole-of-government” approach should be based on uniform risk identification and prioritization between mandated government agencies and in the long run, it should be focused on building responsive and effective institutions through a process of good governance and effective taxation. Originality/value A large body of literature deals with “IFFs” and the “whole-of-government approach” as separate concepts. This paper draws on the existing literature and identifies priority areas for addressing IFFs, and, for these to be successful, they are entirely dependent on a whole-of-government approach – both in the short and long run.

scholarly journals Modern problems of forming and maintaining corporate tax database in the conditions of digital economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Krasnobaeva
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
International Taxation ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Digital Business Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Proper Solutions

The author gives attention to the most relevant and discussed question of international taxation – rules of direct taxation of corporate income in the conditions of digital economy. The subject of this research is the problems of taxation of corporations that use digital business models in their activity. The object of this research is the existing and proposed rules for corporate taxation. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the fact that the final proposals of OECD within the framework of Action of the BEPS plan, dedicated to the problems of taxation in the era of digital economy, are expected in the nearest future. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive research of the problems of direct taxation in the conditions of digital economy, their categorization, and concealment of causes contributing to their occurrence. The article presents substantiation to an original approach towards determining the problems in taxation of digital economy and development of measures aimed at resolving these problems. In course of research, the author argues the need to delineate problems in order to search for proper solutions. Defending the position of prematurity of introduction of measures regarding the problem of tax evasion and aggressive taxation planning by digital companies, the author refers to the absence of data on implementation of previous initiatives in this sphere that could demonstrate the degree of necessity for further measures.

scholarly journals Combating Fiscal Fraud and Empowering Regulators

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Tax System ◽  
New Business ◽  
International Tax ◽  
The Impact

This book showcases a multidisciplinary set of work on the impact of regulatory innovation on the scale and nature of tax evasion, tax avoidance, and money laundering. We consider the international tax environment an ecosystem undergoing a period of rapid change as shocks such as the financial crisis, new business forms, scandals and novel regulatory instruments impact upon it. This ecosystem evolves as jurisdictions, taxpayers, and experts react. Our analysis focuses mainly on Europe and five new regulations: Automatic Exchange of Information, which requires that accounts held by foreigners are reported to authorities in the account holder’s country of residence; the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting initiative and Country by Country Reporting, which attempt to reduce the opportunity spaces in which corporations can limit tax payments and utilize low or no tax jurisdictions; the Legal Entity Identifier which provides a 20-digit identification code for all individual, corporate or government entities conducting financial transactions; and the Fourth and Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directives, that criminalize tax crimes and prescribe that the Ultimate Beneficial Owner of a company is registered. Working from accounting, economic, political science, and legal perspectives, the analysis in this book provides an assessment of the reforms and policy recommendations that will reinforce the international tax system. The collection also flags the dangers posed by emerging tax loopholes provided by new business models and in the form of freeports and golden passports. Our central message is that inequality can and has to be reduced substantially, and we can achieve this through an improved international tax system.

scholarly journals Is Incorporation the Solution to the Enigma of Corporate Tax Residency for International Tax Purposes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Charles Edward Andrew Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
International Tax ◽  
And Control ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
Central Management

Incorporation of a company for testing residency—if applied uniformly—is likely the best and most accurate way to reflect corporate residency for tax purposes. However, it does not always reflect economic reality. There is not a consensus on what the best approach is. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) countries overwhelmingly use three tests for residency: incorporation, central management and control, and domicile. Indeed, a court in the United States or other jurisdictions may often ask if tax-avoidance motives exist when incorporation occurs in one jurisdiction and central management and control occurs in another. This Article follows the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on many international tax provisions that caused a shift in thinking at both the U.S. level, and at the international level in terms of deciding what formulations would be the best way to ensure proper taxation while promoting horizontal and vertical equity. The genesis of this Article is a response and critique of an article on the same subject by the same author: Charles Edward Andrew Lincoln IV, Is Incorporation Really Better Than Central Management and Control for Testing Corporate Residency? An Answer to Corporate Tax Evasion and Inversion, 43 Ohio N.U. L. Rev. 359 (2017). The author now critiques the point of that article and comes to a different conclusion based on different criteria: specifically, new case law, Musgrave’s economic theory of accretion of wealth, and the importance of substance-over-form doctrines.

scholarly journals Literature Review of Antecedents of Corporate Tax Avoidance in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Yuliana ◽  
Agus Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Positive Effect

Taxes are critical for the country's development because they generate revenue used to expand the Indonesian economy. The Corona Virus outbreak has shocked the public during the government's campaign to raise public awareness about the importance of paying taxes. Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the company continues to pay taxes and thus avoids spending taxes. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that may influence tax evasion by Indonesian manufacturing firms. This study employs qualitative research in conjunction with a literature review or a method of literature review. The researchers identified and analyzed 18 peer-reviewed journal articles over three years (2019-2021). According to the research findings, firm size, leverage, committee composition, and audit quality all have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Because researchers consider businesses to be taxpayers, it's natural that if the objective is to maximize profits, this tax avoidance action will become more aggressive during the pandemic.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION (AEOI) DAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Budi Ispriyarso
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Exchange Of Information

AEOI (Automatic Exchange Of Information) merupakan  sistem yang mendukung adanya pertukaran informasi rekening wajib pajak antar negara. pada waktu tertentu secara periodik, sistematis, dan berkesinambungan dari negara sumber penghasilan atau tempat menyimpan kekayaan, kepada negara residen wajib pajak. Adanya AEOI ini dilatarbelakangi banyaknya penghindaran pajak yang dilakukan wajib pajak. Permasalahannya adalah (1) Bagaimana penghindaran pajak dilakukan wajib pajak di Indonesia (2) bagaimana peranan AEOI dalam mencegah atau mengurangi penghindaran pajak. Penghindaran pajak dilakukan wajib pajak melalui tax avoidance dan tax evasion. Peranan AEOI dalam mencegah atau mengurangi penghindaran pajak sangat penting, karena dengan adanya sistim ini, wajib pajak yang membuka rekening di negara lain akan terlacak secara langsung oleh otoritas pajak negara asal. Sistem ini juga akan berguna mengurangi pengemplang pajak untuk menghindari pajak, karena negara-negara yang ikut tergabung sistem ini, semakin banyak.

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