Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
C. Julian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Theory ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Tunneling Conductance ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Atom Manipulation ◽  
The One ◽  
Atomic States ◽  
Solid Liquid

This chapter presents the basic designs and working principles of STM and AFM, as well as an elementary theory of tunneling and the imaging mechanism of atomic resolution. Three elementary theories of tunneling are presented: the one-dimensional Schrödinger’s equation in vacuum, the semi-classical approximation, and the Landauer formalism. The relation between the decay constant and the work function, and a general expression of tunneling conductance versus tip-sample distance are derived. A brief summary of experimental facts on the mechanism of atomic resolution STM and AFM is presented, which leads to a picture of interplay between the atomic states of the tip and the sample, as well as the role of partial covalent bonds formed between those electronic states. Four illustrative applications are presented, including imaging self-assembed molecules on solid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical STM, catalysis research, and atom manipulation.

scholarly journals The Role of Chemical Heterogeneity in Surfactant Adsorption at Solid–Liquid Interfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 7135-7147
Author(s):  
Jason Klebes ◽  
Sophie Finnigan ◽  
David J. Bray ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
William C. Swope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
Surfactant Adsorption ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1264-1271
Author(s):  
Thomas Habets ◽  
Sylvia Speller ◽  
Johannes A A W Elemans
Keyword(s):  
Tunneling Current ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Manganese Porphyrins ◽  
Metal Porphyrins ◽  
Axial Ligands ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Conductive Surface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Porphyrin Moiety

In a liquid-STM setup environment, the redox behavior of manganese porphyrins was studied at various solid–liquid interfaces. In the presence of a solution of Mn(III)Cl porphyrins in 1-phenyloctane, which was placed at a conductive surface, large and constant additional currents relative to a set tunneling current were observed, which varied with the magnitude of the applied bias voltage. These currents occurred regardless of the type of surface (HOPG or Au(111)) or tip material (PtIr, Au or W). The additional currents were ascribed to the occurrence of redox reactions in which chloride is oxidized to chlorine and the Mn(III) center of the porphyrin moiety is reduced to Mn(II). The resulting Mn(II) porphyrin products were identified by UV–vis analysis of the liquid phase. For solutions of Mn(III) porphyrins with non-redox active acetate instead of chloride axial ligands, the currents remained absent.

Electron Microscopy of Solid- Liquid Interfaces: HREM Observation and EELS Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
H. Saka ◽  
S. Arai ◽  
S. Tsukimoto ◽  
H. Miyai ◽  
M. Konno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Heating ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A solid-liquid interface in the Al–Si system has been observed at near-atomic resolution by in-situ heating experiments inside transmission electron microscopes. Chemical mapping was also attempt to detect distribution of constituent atoms near a solid–hquid interface.Mixtures of Al particles and Si particles, the diameter of which ranged from 200nm to 800nm, were mounted on a specimen–heating holder developed by Kamino and Saka and examined in a Hitachi H–9000NAR and a Hitachi HF–2000 electron microscope, operated at accelerating voltages of 300 and 200kV, respectively. Heating these specimens above the melting point of pure Al inside the microscopes resulted in the melting of the Al particles. The liquid Al reacted with nearby Si, leading to the formation of Al–Si alloy phase. An interface between solid Si and Al–Si alloy hquid and also an interface between solid Al and Al–Si alloy liquid were observed. The dynamical behaviour was recorded continuously using TV–VTR systems. The distribution of Al and Si was visualized using a Gatan imaging filter GIF analyzer.

scholarly journals Atomic resolution images of solid-liquid interfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 84 (14) ◽  
pp. 4671-4674 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Giambattista ◽  
W. W. McNairy ◽  
C. G. Slough ◽  
A. Johnson ◽  
L. D. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Solid Liquid

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document