The Magic of Immigration Enforcement: Discretion, Order and Policing

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-101
Author(s):  
Ana Aliverti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Peculiar Nature ◽  
Long Chain

This chapter examines the peculiar nature of immigration decision-making. Removal and deportation are state coercive acts that require the acquiescence of another sovereign state and often involve complex bilateral negotiations by parties in asymmetrical relations of power. As such they are truly international acts that demand careful coordination and interdependence between various actors and institutions. They place immigration officers at the receiving end of a long chain that connects various institutional actors across public and private domains spanning the local, the national, and the global. The peculiarity of immigration enforcement relates to the framework in which officers exercise discretion: a framework structured around a combination of variables over which they have little or no control, a game of chance or a lottery. Officers figuratively gesture at the magical powers of immigration enforcement to solve policing problems. The notion of magic attests to the attractions of immigration powers for everyday policing, as well as the random, capricious, informal, and arbitrary ways in which state power operates. The fragile, ever-changing grounds on which immigration staff make decisions reflects the challenges of state power to spatialize its authority in a transnational world order. By examining the imbrications of state power and magic, this chapter argues that immigration enforcement casts doubt on the presumed rationality of state bureaucracy and authority, exposing its arbitrariness as well as its limits.

scholarly journals Exploring patterns in psychiatric outpatients’ preferences for involvement in decision-making: a latent class analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn Mundal ◽  
Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera ◽  
Moisés Betancort ◽  
Carlos De las Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Abstract Background Shared decision-making (SDM), a collaborative approach that includes and respects patients’ preferences for involvement in decision-making about their treatment, is increasingly advocated. However, in the practice of clinical psychiatry, implementing SDM seems difficult to accomplish. Although the number of studies related to psychiatric patients’ preferences for involvement is increasing, studies have largely focused on understanding patients in public mental healthcare settings. Thus, investigating patient preferences for involvement in both public and private settings is of particular importance in psychiatric research. The objectives of this study were to identify different latent class typologies of patient preferences for involvement in the decision-making process, and to investigate how patient characteristics predict these typologies in mental healthcare settings. Methods We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to identify groups of psychiatric outpatients with similar preferences for involvement in decision-making to estimate the probability that each patient belonged to a certain class based on sociodemographic, clinical and health belief variables. Results The LCA included 224 consecutive psychiatric outpatients’ preferences for involvement in treatment decisions in public and private psychiatric settings. The LCA identified three distinct preference typologies, two collaborative and one passive, accounting for 78% of the variance. Class 1 (26%) included collaborative men aged 34–44 years with an average level of education who were treated by public services for a depressive disorder, had high psychological reactance, believed they controlled their disease and had a pharmacophobic attitude. Class 2 (29%) included collaborative women younger than 33 years with an average level of education, who were treated by public services for an anxiety disorder, had low psychological reactance or health control belief and had an unconcerned attitude toward medication. Class 3 (45%) included passive women older than 55 years with lower education levels who had a depressive disorder, had low psychological reactance, attributed the control of their disease to their psychiatrists and had a pharmacophilic attitude. Conclusions Our findings highlight how psychiatric patients vary in pattern of preferences for treatment involvement regarding demographic variables and health status, providing insight into understanding the pattern of preferences and comprising a significant advance in mental healthcare research.

scholarly journals Coordination or conflict? The causes and consequences of institutional overlap in a disaggregated world order

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN FAUDE ◽  
JULIA FUSS
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
World Order ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Governance Arrangement ◽  
Institutional Fit ◽  
State Action ◽  
Governance Effectiveness

AbstractInstitutional overlap emerges not only as an unintended by-product of purposive state action but also as its deliberate result. In two ways, this article expands existing research on the causes and consequences of institutional overlap. First, we establish that three different types of dissatisfaction may lead states to deliberately create institutional overlap: dissatisfaction with substantive norms and rules, dissatisfaction with decision-making rules and dissatisfaction with the institutional fit of an existing governance arrangement for a given cooperation problem. Each type of dissatisfaction triggers a distinct motivation for the creation of institutional overlap: to induce policy change, to increase influence on collective decision-making or to enhance governance effectiveness. Second, we demonstrate that whereas the motivation to induce policy change leads to interface conflicts, the motivations to increase influence on collective decision-making and to enhance governance effectiveness give rise to inter-institutional coordination. Three empirical case studies on global energy governance, the governance of global development banking and global environmental governance probe these analytical claims.

As the Postcolonial Moment Deepens: A Response to Green, Sonn, and Matsebula

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
State Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Whiteness Studies ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Racial Privilege

Green, Sonn, and Matsebula's (2007) article is useful in helping to establish and develop whiteness studies in South African academia, and thus to shift the academic gaze from the margins to the centre. The article is published in the wake of three waves of international whiteness studies, which successively described whiteness as a space of taken-for-granted privilege; a series of historically different but related spaces; and, finally, as part of the global, postcolonial world order. Green, Sonn, and Matsebula's (2007) contribution could be extended by more fully capturing the dissimilarity in the texture of the experience of whiteness in Australia and South Africa. In South Africa whiteness has never had the quality of invisibility that is implied in the ‘standard’ whiteness literature, and in post-apartheid South Africa white South Africans cannot assume the same privileges, with such ease, when state power is overtly committed to breaking down racial privilege.

Global Administrative Law: A Transnational Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-178
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Ladeur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Actors

The most important phenomena attributable to the project of “global administrative law” (GAL) consists of rules, principles, practices, or procedures that have a more informal character and are generated from networks of public and private actors. The main characteristics of those rules is that they tend to be generated below the level of formal international treaties and that norm production occurs—at least in part—outside traditional formal modes of decision-making. However, some GAL norms including standards on products and services in particular, can have far reaching consequences as their factual weight is much more influential than domestic norms. GAL also develops new forms of procedure (e.g., voting) that are different from traditional international forms.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF FUZZY DELPHI METHOD ON WOMEN AS DECISION MAKER LEADERSHIP SELF-EFFICACY AND LEADERSHIP SKILL’S ITEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Nuha Abdullah ◽  
Norasmah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi Method ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi ◽  
Women In Decision Making

The policy of 30% women representation as decision-makers in Malaysia has not been achieved even in 2021. This is due to the lack of women in decision-making positions in the public and private sectors. There are two factors for the lack of women in decision-making positions; leadership self-efficacy and leadership skills. In order to fulfil the policy of 30% women representation in decision-making positions, empirical research should be carried out to measure the level of leadership self-efficacy and leadership skills among female government officers who hold positions of Grade 48 and above. A research instrument that consists of items that measure leadership self-efficacy and leadership skills has been developed. A content validity process was carried out to ensure that the items would measure the dimensions that need to be measured. Hence, this study applied the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) in order to obtain experts’ consensus regarding the items that are relevant in measuring the dimensions of leadership self-efficacy and leadership skills of women as decision-makers. 14 expert panelists were involved in this research and all of the data collected were analysed using the FDM. Results of the analysis showed that 30 items developed for the leadership self-efficacy dimension and 25 items developed for the leadership skills dimension fulfilled the required conditions which are the threshold (d) ≤ 0.2, the value α-cut ≥ 0.5, and over 75% expert panelists’ consensus. It is hoped that the research results would lead to the innovation of applying the FDM in determining the content validity of the items developed in measuring dimensions such as measuring the dimensions of leadership self-efficacy and leadership skills among women.

scholarly journals A Voyage of Esprit-De-Corps: A Sectorial Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Tabassum Naz ◽  
Allah Bakhsh Malik ◽  
Marium Din
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
T Test ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Leadership Communication ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Esprit-De-Corps encompasses cohesion, loyalty and unity within an organization. The study is focused on the existing threads of EspritDe-Corps and its comparison in public and private sector universities. A sample of 533 faculty members was taken. The team STTEPS (T-TAQ) questionnaire was adapted for collecting the data. The data was analyzed through Percentage, mean and t-test. It was concluded that the strands of Esprit-De-Corps are more prevalent in private sector universities. It is recommended that faculty members may be involved in decision making process and trainings pertaining to leadership, communication and other live skills may be imparted.

The Quantification of Law: Counting, Predicting, and Valuating

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Viana Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Legal Arguments ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Massive Databases

Legal reasoning is increasingly quantified. Developers in the market and public institutions in the legal system are making use of massive databases of court opinions and other legal communications to craft algorithms to assess the effectiveness of legal arguments or predict court judgments; tasks that were once seen as the exclusive province of seasoned lawyers’ obscure knowledge. New legal technologies promise to search heaps of documents for useful evidence, and to analyze dozens of factors to quantify a lawsuit’s odds of success. Legal quantification initiatives depend on the availability of reliable data about the past behavior of courts that institutional actors have attempted to control. The development of initiatives in legal quantification is visible as public bodies craft their own tools for internal use and access by the public, and private companies create new ways to valorize the “raw data” provided by courts and lawyers by generating information useful to the strategies of legal professionals, as well as to the investors that re-valorize legal activity by securitizing legal risk through litigation funding.

Global Media and Information Ethics

2011 ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ndirangu Wachanga
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Information Ethics ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Optimum Form ◽  
Cartesian Plane ◽  
The Relationship

Any meaningful debate on global media and information ethics is burdened with the complexity of dissecting various disjunctive dynamics that characterize the complexity of emerging global relationships. The authors argue that the emerging global phenomenon problematizes the Cartesian plane of oppositions – center vs. periphery, North vs. South, global vs. local, which has been the forte of globalization studies until recently. It is against this background that the authors seek to examine challenges of having a global information and media ethics. The authors will pay attention to the antagonistic mechanics informing the domination and rejection of intangible ethical principles. In this discussion, they will be guided, partly, by Alleyne’s (2009, p. 384) postulation on the need to pay attention to “changes in state power, the relationship between the market and the state, and modifications in the ideological assumptions about the optimum form of world order.”

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