scholarly journals Colonizing Cannabis

2018 ◽  
pp. 200-216
Author(s):  
James H. Mills
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

This chapter looks at cannabis products and their history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In part this story is about the entry of preparations of the plant into Western medical knowledge and practice. However, the chapter also demonstrates that cannabis was not simply constructed as a medicine in Western circles in this period. The ways in which competing understandings emerged of the plant and the substances that could be manufactured from it is also explored. The purpose of doing this is twofold. In the first instance the chapter begins to provide some answers to the question of ‘what is medical about colonial medicine’. In addressing this question the chapter also addresses a second concern, which is to put plants back into the picture of the history of medicine in the colonial period.

From New Spain to Damascus: Ottoman Religious Authorities and the Making of Medical Knowledge on Tobacco

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 561-581
Author(s):  
Aslıhan Gürbüzel
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article examines the translation, circulation, and adaptation of the medical opinion of Spanish physician Nicolas Monardes (d. 1588) on tobacco in the Ottoman Empire. In addition to medical and encyclopedist authors, the spread of new medical knowledge in learned and eventually popular registers was the result of the efforts of religious authorities. These latter authorities, namely jurists, Sufis, and preachers, took an interest in the bodily and mental effects of smoking for its moral implications. In forming their medical-moral discourse, they sought and studied contemporary medical works of both Ottoman and European provenance. Challenging the strict division between learned and popular medicine, this article argues that Ottoman religious authorities, while often excluded from the history of medicine, played significant roles in the circulation, adaptation, and localization of medical knowledge.

Dutch Multinational Enterprises in the United States: A Historical Summary

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Royal Dutch Shell ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
West India Company ◽  
National Economies

The story of Dutch business in America began in the colonial period and continues into the present. The early Dutch trading companies of the seventeenth century, including the Dutch West India Company, were followed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by such firms as the Holland-America Line, Unilever, Royal Dutch Shell, and NV Philips. The historical pattern of these Dutch businesses contributes to the growing literature on multinational enterprises (MNEs) and is relevant to recent debates on the historical convergence and/or divergence of living standards and productivity in national economies. An examination of the history of Dutch MNEs operating in the United States reveals some of the ways that these firms fit into the larger framework of Dutch business overall and provides a way to compare the strategies of Dutch MNEs with those of MNEs from other countries.

New Directions in the History of Medicine in European, Colonial and Transimperial Contexts

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Networks ◽  
The Relationship

In the late 1970s scholars of Europe and its colonies began probing the relationship between medicine and empire. In the decades since, following the cue of Steven Feierman, John Janzen, Megan Vaughan and Randall Packard, the literature has demonstrated that colonial medicine constructed an African ‘other’ and greatly contributed to harmful practices that did not improve the overall health and welfare of the local populations European administrations claimed to be civilising. Through the 1990s, scholarship concentrated primarily on local agency and socio-economic and political factors that furthered our understanding of how medicine and health care operated in a colonial context. These foundational studies have enabled the most recent wave of research in the history of medicine to turn its attention to questions of public health, especially as it relates to the politics of development, nationalism, and decolonisation. Historians, including Sunil Amrith and Clifford Rosenberg, have emphasised the significant role medicine has played in projecting state power in European colonies and have shown how international organisations became prominent agents in shaping national and global health policies. However, their important work has left unanswered questions about the intellectual networks that formed the elite scientific and medical minds of the day and the legacies of health policies under colonial rule.

scholarly journals Sofia Parfanovych - a Woman Doctor, an Innovator of Medical Education in Ukraine: some actual issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Stytsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Woman Doctor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage

Abstract: The article analyzes the main milestones of the prominent Ukrainian doctor, public figure, writer of the early to mid-twentieth century Sofia Parfanovych. There are three main aspects of her historical heritage: scientific, educational and literary. New variants of topics of lectures and seminars for studying the history of Ukrainian medicine of the beginning of the XX century in the course of disciplines “History of medicine” and “Development of medical knowledge” are offered.

The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Patwardhan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BCE and 200 CE. Probably because the language of documentation of these early textbooks is in Sanskrit, a language that is not in day-to-day use among the general population even in India, many significant contributions of Ayurveda have remained unrecognized in the literature related to the history of medicine. In this communication, the discovery of blood circulation has been taken up as a case, and a few important references from the representative Ayurveda compendia that hint at a preliminary understanding of the cardiovascular system as a “closed circuit” and the heart acting as a pump have been reviewed. The central argument of this review is that these contributions from Ayurveda too must be recorded and credited when reviewing the milestones in the history of medicine, as Ayurveda can still possibly guide various streams of the current sciences, if revisited with this spirit.

rTsa in the Tibetan Manuscripts from Dunhuang

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yan ◽  
Vivienne Lo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Important Place ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Classical Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

In the earliest extant specialist medical work sMan dpyad zla ba’i rgyal po (The Medical Investigation of the Lunar King, early 8th century CE) and the classical work of Tibetan medicine, rGyud bzhi (The Four Medical Tantras, generally dated by scholars to the 12th century CE), there are records of rtsa in its meaning of 'pulse taking'. The concept of rtsa in Tibetan medicine, as the Chinese mai脈, eventually came to combine notions of 'the vessels' and 'channels' of the body with diagnostic readings of 'pulsating vessels' at its surface. This article considers the earliest extant records of rtsa from Dunhuang and finds evidence of the separate development of these two aspects. These early records are unique inasmuch as they not only provide a source for history of medicine, but also represent Tibet and Tibetan culture as an important place for both cultural exchange and resistance, particularly in the transmission of medical knowledge and practice from China.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinarity of History of Medicine and Narrowness of the Modern Domestic Historical and Medical Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Robak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Components

Author provided a classification of modern historical and medical knowledge. Further, the author convincingly proved that certain distortions and disproportions had been developed in the modern domestic historical and medical discourse. This conclusion has been done basing on analysis of publications and speeches at scientific forums of Ukrainian historians of medicine in recent years, and applying problem-chronological as well as comparative-historical research methods. Medical researchers have been trying to undertake a reconstruction of socio-cultural components of the discipline, but without sufficient mastering historical instruments. As a result, works of low quality have published. The author recommended physicians who study History of Medicine to investigate problems of development of medical science and practice, and leave problems of social relations for professional historians.

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