The Port Cities of the French Atlantic

The Death of the French Atlantic ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199568956.003.0002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-40

Author(s):

Alan Forrest

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Town Planning ◽

Comparative Perspective ◽

Port Cities ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Rich ◽

Merchant Community

This chapter discusses the fortunes of the principal ports of the French Atlantic in the eighteenth century, among them Bordeaux, La Rochelle, Nantes, Marseille, and Le Havre, but also smaller ports like Lorient, Saint-Malo, and Bayonne, which all at various moments enjoyed years of unprecedented prosperity. It shows how not all of them invested in the same forms of commerce or enjoyed the same peak years of prosperity. Some concentrated on direct commerce with the Caribbean islands, others on fishing off Newfoundland, but increasingly merchants were tempted by the rich profits to be made from slaving. The chapter looks at the investments made by the merchant community in the fabric of their cities, discusses their architecture and elegant town planning, and notes the impressions they made on foreign visitors who saw them in a comparative perspective.

Download Full-text

The Politics of Quadrille Performance in Nineteenth-Century Martinique

Dance Research Journal ◽

10.1017/s0149767700007324 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (1-2) ◽

pp. 43-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dominique O. Cyrille

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

African Descent ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

Social Dances ◽

French Colonies ◽

Strong Resemblance ◽

The Caribbean

Much has been said of the tradition of quadrille dancing that exists in the Caribbean. This dance and music repertory was first introduced there in the late eighteenth century by European colonists who wanted to recreate some of the aristocratic lifestyle they would have enjoyed in their country of origin. But soon after its introduction, people of African descent whom the Europeans had forcibly introduced in the Caribbean appropriated the dance and transformed it to fit the new environment.In his overview of Caribbean music, Kenneth Bilby noted that the most ubiquitous music traditions of the Caribbean seem to be the ones that grew out of the European social dances and music genres of an earlier era (1985, 195). Establishing a parallel with the Creole music of the Seychelles, which bears strong resemblance to Caribbean forms, John Szwed and Morton Marks (1988) suggested that the French contredanse and quadrille were instrumental to the emergence of the Creole repertories, primarily because, just like many of the Caribbean islands, the Seychelles were French colonies in the eighteenth century.

Download Full-text

Hypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug).

10.1079/cpc.110614.20210099906 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Whittaker

Keyword(s):

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Columnar Cacti ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

The Family ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Rich ◽

Plant Families

Abstract The mealybug Hypogeococcus pungens is native to South America. It was first used as a biological control agent of invasive cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae in Queensland, Australia, in 1975 and South Africa in 1983, and has since become an invasive species in several other parts of the world, including Europe, North America and the Caribbean, probably through the ornamental plant trade. H. pungens is now a serious pest of the native columnar cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae in Puerto Rico and is a threat to native cacti in Florida and Hawaii (USA), Barbados and other Caribbean islands. H. pungens will probably spread to Mexico, where it may cause similar damage to the rich diversity of cacti. Besides feeding on species in the family Cactaceae, it also feeds on other ornamental plant families, including Portulacaceae, Apocynaceae and Amaranthaceae. H. pungens causes distorted plant growth.

Download Full-text

The Death of the French Atlantic

10.1093/oso/9780199568956.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alan Forrest

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Recent Work ◽

Port Cities ◽

The Public ◽

Economic Issues ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

French Colonial ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Comparative Manner

The Preface places the book in its historiographical context and asks how far the French Atlantic did ‘die’ in the Age of Revolutions. It places the crisis of the late eighteenth century in a transnational context, linking the histories of France and the Caribbean and discussing fortunes of port cities like Nantes, Bordeaux, and La Rochelle in a deliberately comparative manner. The book draws heavily on recent work on slavery, the slave trade, and the public memory of slavery that has been so influential on both sides of the Atlantic, and sets out to explain political and moral forces, as well as the purely economic issues, which combined to threaten French colonial prosperity.

Download Full-text

Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean islands aquifer system of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Professional Paper ◽

10.3133/pp1419 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Robert A. Renken ◽

W. C. Ward ◽

I.P. Gill ◽

Fernando Gómez-Gómez ◽

Jesús Rodríguez-Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Virgin Islands ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The U.S

Download Full-text

Living Same-Name Siblings and British Historical Demography

Local Population Studies ◽

10.35488/lps86.2011.15 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 15-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chris Galley ◽

Eilidh Garrett ◽

Ros Davies ◽

Alice Reid

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Historical Demography ◽

Vital Registration ◽

Regional Variations ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Registration Data ◽

Vital Registration Data ◽

The Rich ◽

Isle Of Skye

This article examines the extent to which living siblings were given identical first names. Whilst the practice of sibling name-sharing appeared to have died out in England during the eighteenth century, in northern Scotland it persisted at least until the end of the nineteenth century. Previously it has not been possible to provide quantitative evidence of this phenomenon, but an analysis of the rich census and vital registration data for the Isle of Skye reveals that this practice was widespread, with over a third of eligible families recording same-name siblings. Our results suggest that further research should focus on regional variations in sibling name-sharing and the extent to which this northern pattern occurred in other parts of Britain.

Download Full-text

Injecting Knowledge

10.1093/oso/9780198736189.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lucia Dacome

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Comparative Perspective ◽

Anatomical Models ◽

Early Stages ◽

The Creation ◽

Cabinet Of Curiosities

Chapter 7 furthers the analysis of the role of anatomical models as cultural currencies capable of transferring value. It does so by expanding the investigation of the early stages of anatomical modelling to include a new setting. In particular, it follows the journey of the Palermitan anatomist and modeller Giuseppe Salerno and his anatomical ‘skeleton’—a specimen that represented the body’s complex web of blood vessels and was presented as the result of anatomical injections. Although Salerno was headed towards Bologna, a major centre of anatomical modelling, he ended his journey in Naples after the nobleman Raimondo di Sangro purchased the skeleton for his own cabinet of curiosities. This chapter considers the creation and viewing of an anatomical display in di Sangro’s Neapolitan Palace from a comparative perspective that highlights how geography and locality played an important part in shaping the culture of mid-eighteenth-century anatomical modelling.

Download Full-text

Leishmania spp. and leishmaniasis on the Caribbean islands

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/trz076 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chaoqun Yao

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

Trinidad And Tobago ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Human Infections ◽

Sand Fly Vectors

Abstract The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania spp. cause leishmaniasis, which clinically exhibit mainly as a cutaneous, mucocutanous or visceral form depending upon the parasite species in humans. The disease is widespread geographically, leading to 20 000 annual deaths. Here, leishmaniases in both humans and animals, reservoirs and sand fly vectors on the Caribbean islands are reviewed. Autochthonous human infections by Leishmania spp. were found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe and Martinique as well as Trinidad and Tobago; canine infections were found in St. Kitts and Grenada; and equine infections were found in Puerto Rico. Imported human cases have been reported in Cuba. The parasites included Leishmania amazonensis, Le. martiniquensis and Le. waltoni. Possible sand fly vectors included Lutzomyia christophei, Lu. atroclavatus, Lu. cayennensis and Lu. flaviscutellata as well as Phlebotomus guadeloupensis. Reservoirs included rats, rice rats and mouse opossum. An updated study is warranted for the control and elimination of leishmaniasis in the region because some of the data are four decades old.

Download Full-text

Unraveling the Gut Microbiome of the Invasive Small Indian Mongoose (Urva auropunctata) in the Caribbean

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9030465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Anne A. M. J. Becker ◽

KC Hill ◽

Patrick Butaye

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Vegetation Zones ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Metabolic Properties ◽

Small Indian Mongoose

Small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) are among the most pervasive predators to disrupt the native ecology on Caribbean islands and are strongly entrenched in their areas of introduction. Few studies, however, have considered the microbial ecology of such biological invasions. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota of invasive small Indian mongooses in terms of taxonomic diversity and functional potential. To this end, we collected fecal samples from 60 free-roaming mongooses trapped in different vegetation zones on the island Saint Kitts. The core gut microbiome, assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing on the Ion S5TM XL platform, reflects a carnivore-like signature with a dominant abundance of Firmicutes (54.96%), followed by Proteobacteria (13.98%) and Fusobacteria (12.39%), and a relatively minor contribution of Actinobacteria (10.4%) and Bacteroidetes (6.40%). Mongooses trapped at coastal sites exhibited a higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium spp. whereas those trapped in scrubland areas were enriched in Bacteroidetes, but there was no site-specific difference in predicted metabolic properties. Between males and females, beta-diversity was not significantly different and no sex-specific strategies for energy production were observed. However, the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, and more specifically, Enterobacteriaceae, was significantly higher in males. This first description of the microbial profile of small Indian mongooses provides new insights into their bioecology and can serve as a springboard to further elucidating this invasive predator’s impact throughout the Caribbean.

Download Full-text