Note on Currency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coral Ann Howells ◽  
Paul Sharrad ◽  
Gerry Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Local Version ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Decimal System ◽  
Australian Dollar ◽  
The Pacific

UNLESS indicated, all dollar amounts are in the currency of the countries being discussed. In the Pacific, Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu use the Australian dollar, while the Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau use the New Zealand dollar. Fiji has its own dollar, shifting from the pound in 1969. In the kingdom of Tonga, the pound was replaced by the pa’anga in 1967. Samoa moved from the New Zealand pound to a decimal system of tala and sene in 1962. Papua New Guinea operated with a local version of Australian pounds and shillings until independence in 1975, when it adopted a decimal system of kina and toea....

The scorpion-tailed orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae, Arachnura) in Australia and New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
PEDRO DE S. CASTANHEIRA ◽  
RAPHAEL K. DIDHAM ◽  
COR J. VINK ◽  
VOLKER W. FRAMENAU
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Single Female ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
The Pacific

The scorpion-tailed orb-weaving spiders in the genus Arachnura Vinson, 1863 (Araneidae Clerck, 1757) are revised for Australia and New Zealand. Arachnura higginsii (L. Koch, 1872) only occurs in Australia and A. feredayi (L. Koch, 1872) only in New Zealand. A single female collected in south-eastern Queensland (Australia) is here tentatively identified as A. melanura Simon, 1867, but it is doubtful that this species has established in Australia. Two juveniles from northern Queensland do not conform to the diagnoses of any of the above species and are illustrated pending a more thorough revision of the genus in South-East Asia and the Pacific region. An unidentified female from Westport (New Zealand) does not conform to the diagnoses of A. feredayi and A. higginsii, but is not described due to its poor preservation status. Arachnura caudatella Roewer, 1942 (replacement name for Epeira caudata Bradley, 1876), originally described from Hall Sound (Papua New Guinea) and repeatedly catalogued for Australia, is considered a nomen dubium. 

scholarly journals Western media ‘elite’models challenged by PNG research

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Patrick Craddock
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Communication Culture ◽  
New Britain ◽  
Information Gaps

Reviewed book edited by Evangelia Papoutsaki, Michael McManus and Patrick Matbob Publication date: October, 2011 More than 20 authors have been included in Communication, Culture and Society in Papua New Guinea: Yu Tok Wanem? This should surely be the book of the month on media in the Pacific. The editors have divided the book into four themes focusing on: mainstream media issues; social issues; information gaps and development issues, and the search for solutions. A glance at the mini-profiles of the authors show that many come from a range of PNG backgrounds, including the Highlands, Bougainville, New Ireland, Manus and East New Britain. Also represented in the book are well-known media academics from New Zealand and Australia.

scholarly journals Peace and war journalism in the New Zealand media: Reporting on ‘the arc of instability’ in the Pacific

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Heather Devere ◽  
Courtney Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism

The Fourth Estate role of the media in a democracy is to inform its citizens and to be a forum for debate about political issues so that the citizenry is able to make informed decisions about the role its government plays. New Zealand portrays itself as a leading democracy in the Pacific, but how much do New Zealanders know about what is happening among the country’s neighbours? This article is an exploratory study on media coverage of four countries in Melanesia which have experienced conflict to assess the degree to which a peace/conflict journalism approach as opposed to a war/violence journalism approach is used. A content analysis of Radio New Zealand’s Morning Report programme was conducted between June and July 2012 to assess the reporting on the four Melanesian countries: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. According to Pilger (2011) war journalism is reporting on what those in power say they do, whereas peace journalism is what those in power actually do. Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) state that peace journalism ‘is when editors and reporters make choices—of what stories to report and how to report them—that create opportunities for society at large to consider and value non-violent responses to conflict’ (p. 5). The framing of New Zealand media reporting as either war journalism or peace journalism will be an indication of how information about conflict in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu is presented to a New Zealand audience.

scholarly journals Ross Stevens and Uni Tavur: A Kiwi publishing legacy among wantoks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
David Robie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Training Project ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
National University ◽  
Papua New Guinean

A pilot training project for Papua New Guinean journalists in New Zealand in 1974 ended as a failure. This led to a five-year New Zealand Government aid scheme to establish the South Pacific's first journalism school at the national University of Papua New Guinea in 1975. New Zealand journalist and broadcaster Ross Stevens was the founding lecturer and his legacy included Uni Tavur, the region's first independent newspaper produced by student journalists under an innovative ownership editing model. The UPNG programme educated a generation of journalists in Papua New Guinea and today PNG journalists have the higest level of tertiary education and training in the Pacific. The experience also had a profound impact on the traditions of free speech and journalism training for the rest of the Pacific region. This article examines the contribution made by the late Stevens and how the country's political pressures have impacted on his legacy. 

scholarly journals AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE PACIFIC: REFLECTIONS ON PEACEKEEPING IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA (BOUGAINVILLE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka Alani Badmus
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Key Factor

This paper examined conflicts and regional security in the Pacific. The paper has as its focus the roles of Australia and New Zealand (and the Pacific Islands Forum) in managing security in the Pacific using Papua New Guinea (Bougainville) and the Solomon Islands as case studies. It documented their peacekeeping experiences, and interrogated whether these operations were successes or not and why. Furthermore, the author explored whether the peacekeeping experiences in the Pacific and lessons learnt from these operations might be applicable to, and/or be helpful in developing a useful peacekeeping model for other regions. The argument of this paper is that, although Australia and New Zealand regional security management role is based on security concerns of the region but the national interests of these dominant states are also at play and a key factor that shape the nature and direction of interventions. As well, the dynamics of these operations have revolved around interaction between and among local, regional and global political factors. The author argued that peacekeeping in the Pacific (especially in Bougainville and the Solomon Islands) may not offer an appropriate peacekeeping model in such-conflict ridden settings as Africa where armed violence are more complex, protracted and involve full-scale military actions as opposed to low-intensity and localised conflicts in the Pacific, but some of the peacekeeping lessons from the region may be helpful to other peace operations, especially Peacekeeping the 'Pacific Way'.     

Cochliobolus cynodontis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bermuda Grass

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus cynodontis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cynodon dactylon (very common on this host), other Cynodon spp., Agropyron, Ammi, Arecastrum, Axonopus, Calathea, Chamaedorea, Chrysalidocarpus, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Hordeum, Ipomoea, Lycopersicon, Muhlenbergia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Poa, Rhapis, Secale and Zea. DISEASE: Leafspot of Bermuda grass end other crops, leaf blight end brown patches of turf, lawns end golflinks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, India, Israel, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Spain, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad, Turkey, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Cochliobolus eragrostidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus eragrostidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia, Agave, Allium, Alysicarpus, Amorphophallus, Anacardium, Arachis, Areca, Billbergia, Calamus, Callitris, Calotropis, Camellia, Cananga, Capsicum, Citrullus, Citrus, Clerodendron, Cocos, Coffea, Colocasia, Cymbopogon, Dendrobium, Digitaria, Dioscorea, Dracaena, Durio, Elaeis, Eragrostis, Eucalyptus, Euphorbia, Furcraea, Gladiolus, Glycine, Gossypium, Heliconia, Hevea, Hystrix, Ipomoea, Kaempferia, Lycopersicon, Mangifera, Manihot, Mystroxylon, Musa, Neyraudia, Oldenlandia, Opuntia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Pentas, Phalaenopsis, Phaseolus, Pinus, Polygala, Pueraria, Raphia, Raphanus, Rhodomyrtus, Rhoeo, Rottboellia, Saccharum, Sesamum, Sorghum, Spinacia, Sporobolus, Stylosanthes, Theobroma, Thrasya, Tradescantia, Trichosanthes, Triplochiton, Triticum, Vanda, Vigna, Zea, Zingiber and soil. DISEASE: Leaf spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Brunei, Burma, Colombia, Cuba, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Trinidad, USA, Zambia, Zaire. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia.

History of non-physician anaesthesia providers in Papua New Guinea: from heil tultuls to Anaesthetic Scientific Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 0310057X2110278
Author(s):  
Terence E Loughnan ◽  
Michael G Cooper ◽  
Pauline B Wake ◽  
Harry Aigeeleng
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Medical Assistants ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The most recent estimates, published in 2016, have indicated that around 70% of anaesthesia providers in Papua New Guinea are non-physician anaesthetic providers and that they administer over 90% of anaesthetics, with a significant number unsupervised by a physician anaesthetist. Papua New Guinea has a physician anaesthetist ratio estimated to be 0.25 per 100,000 population, while Australia and New Zealand have a ratio of 19 physician anaesthetists per 100,000, which is 75 times that of Papua New Guinea. To reach a ratio of seven per 100,000, recommended as the minimum acceptable by the Lancet Commission in 2016, there will need to be over 35 practitioners trained per annum until 2030, at a time when the average annual numbers of recent years are less than three physicians and less than five non-physician anaesthetic providers. We review the development of anaesthesia administered by non-physician indigenous staff and the stages of development from heil tultuls, dokta bois, liklik doktas, native medical assistants, aid post orderlies, and Anaesthetic Technical Officers up to the current Anaesthetic Scientific Officers having attained the Diploma in Anaesthetic Science from the University of Papua New Guinea.

Six newActinella(Bacillariophyta) species from Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand: further evidence for widespread diatom endemism in the Australasian region

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Sabbe ◽  
Koenraad Vanhoutte ◽  
Rex L. Lowe ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bergey ◽  
Barry J.F. Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Australasian Region
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