Case Applications

1993 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Service Load ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Dna Profiles

A number of forensic and family relationship cases, as well as medical, animal science, wildlife poaching investigation, and plant science applications are presented in this chapter. As suggested by the titles and headlines from various journal and newspaper articles, the process of identification using recombinant DNA technology has proven to be very practical. Semen from a rape case, a hair follicle from a homicide, blood stains at a break-in, chorionic villi from a prenatal diagnosis, blood cells from a transplant patient, tumorous tissue, a big game animal gut pile, a freezer steak, rare condor blood, a whale skin biopsy, plant tissue, and ancient human and other animal remains are some of the sources of DNA used for typing. Perhaps the most apparent indicator of application potential can be deduced from the number of recent patent applications covering recombinant DNA processes and products. In addition, many new government and commercial ventures have been established to accommodate the anticipated service load. The analysis of DNA is providing hard evidence for the resolution of serious criminal acts and other difficult identification problems in homicide, rape, accident, missing persons, break-ins, and hit-and-run cases (Anderson 1989; Barinaga 1989; Conner 1988; Dodd 1985; Fowler 1988; Fox 1989; Fukushima 1988; Gill 1987; Giusti 1986; Hicks 1989; Higuchi 1988; Hewlett 1989; Jeffreys 1988; King 1989; Kobayashi 1988; Lander 1989a; Lewin 1989; McElfresh 1989; Marx 1988; Merz 1988; Newmark 1987, 1987a; Norman 1989; Ross 1989; Taylor 1989; Yokoi 1989). The determination of whether a series of crimes is serial or copycat, that is, committed by one or more than one perpetrator, is critical to the investigation of many cases. If DNA profiles match for specimens from different crime sites, this suggests that the same individual was involved and investigators can then concentrate their efforts on the hunt for one person. The forensic scientist first prepares a DNA identity profile of the crime (evidence), suspect, and victim specimens.

scholarly journals Isolation and Activity Determination of Enzyme Phosphatase Secreted by Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Zharare ◽  
Rumbidzai Mangoyi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Activity Determination ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Industrial Use

The use of enzymes on industrial scale saves a lot of energy and avoids pollution, thus holding a promise for green and economically sustainable alternative strategies in industrial transformations.  Generally, the fungi Aspergillus niger secretes enzymes which can be used in different industries. Thus, coming up with these enzymes in large amounts will definitely result in reduced costs encountered in importing them for industrial use.  This study focussed on isolation and activity determination of an enzyme phosphatase secreted by Aspergillus niger.  This enzyme can be of great importance in molecular biology industries, particularly for recombinant DNA technology.  For this study, pure cultures of Aspergillus niger were used.  Aspergillus niger was resuscitated on potato dextrose agar and then subcultured in Adam’s medium, a medium specific for the production of phosphatase.  Cells were centrifuged and the filtrate was collected whilst the residue was discarded. The filtrate was expected to contain the crude enzyme phosphatase since Aspergillus niger secretes the extracellular enzyme into the medium. Disodium phenyl phosphate was used as a substrate for the determination of the phosphatase activity. The enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically by reading absorbance of phenol formed in the presence of enzyme and the substrate. The concentration of phenol liberated was then used to calculate the enzyme activity expressed in King Armstrong Units (KAU).  Further work on enzyme activity determination was done by varying enzyme and substrate concentrations.  Results showed that the isolated alkaline phosphatase had activity of 4.0 KAU and 4.5 KAU at 25 ºC and 37 ºC respectively. Acidic phosphatase had activity of 5 KAU and 7 KAU at 25 ºC and 37 ºC respectively. Rate of activity increased upon increasing enzyme concentration and substrate.  Thus, Aspergillus niger produces the enzyme phosphatase, however, there is need to induce the production of these enzymes for industrial use.

Enzymatic Synthesis of 15N-L-aspartic Acid Using Recombinant Aspartase from Escherichia Coli K12

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Lupan ◽  
Sergiu Chira ◽  
Maria Chiriac ◽  
Nicolae Palibroda ◽  
Octavian Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Natural Protein ◽  
Novel Method

Amino acids are obtained by bacterial fermentation, extraction from natural protein or enzymatic synthesis from specific substrates. With the introduction of recombinant DNA technology, it has become possible to apply more rational approaches to enzymatic synthesis of amino acids. Aspartase (L-aspartate ammonia-lyase) catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-aspartic acid to yield fumaric acid and ammonia. It is one of the most important industrial enzymes used to produce L-aspartic acid on a large scale. Here we described a novel method for [15N] L-aspartic synthesis from fumarate and ammonia (15NH4Cl) using a recombinant aspartase.

scholarly journals Protein-Engineered Polymers Functionalized with Antimicrobial Peptides for the Development of Active Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5352
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Pereira ◽  
Diana Gomes ◽  
André da Costa ◽  
Simoni Campos Dias ◽  
Margarida Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Antimicrobial Materials

Antibacterial resistance is a major worldwide threat due to the increasing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria with medical devices being a major source of these infections. This suggests the need for new antimicrobial biomaterial designs able to withstand the increasing pressure of antimicrobial resistance. Recombinant protein polymers (rPPs) are an emerging class of nature-inspired biopolymers with unique chemical, physical and biological properties. These polymers can be functionalized with antimicrobial molecules utilizing recombinant DNA technology and then produced in microbial cell factories. In this work, we report the functionalization of rPBPs based on elastin and silk-elastin with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These polymers were produced in Escherichia coli, successfully purified by employing non-chromatographic processes, and used for the production of free-standing films. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and results showed that the polymers demonstrated antimicrobial activity, pointing out the potential of these biopolymers for the development of new advanced antimicrobial materials.

scholarly journals Biotin Production by Using Recombinant DNA Technology

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (Special) ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
O. IFUKU ◽  
S. HAZE ◽  
J. KISHIMOTO ◽  
M. YANAGI
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Dna Technology

Introduction to Recombinant DNA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many

Seldom has a scientific or biomedical break-through evoked the awe, controversy, or sheer incredulity that has accompanied the developments in the field of recombinant DNA technology or more popularly, gene cloning and genetic engineering. Now little more than one generation after Avery, et al1 demonstrated that genes were encoded in DNA and Watson and Crick2 interpreted the structure of these molecules, genes are being cut, manipulated, and recombined to produce unprecedented new insights into genetics and molecular biology and the prospect of gene therapy. These developments have not occurred without anxiety to both scientists and laymen. At the moment, neither the most apocalyptic fears nor the most optimistic dreams appear to be imminent, although I believe that the dreams are closer to fulfillment than the fears. Recombinant DNA technology is already having great impact in hematology, oncology, endocrinology, immunology, and infectious disease and will soon play an important role in other medical subspecialities as well. In none, however, will it have quite the same impact as in genetics because DNA is the material that genetics "is all about." The cloning and study of phenylalanine hydroxylase is one of the first instances in which this technology has important implications in the diseases traditionally classified as inborn errors of metabolism. In order to understand and appreciate the presentation by Woo on phenylalanine hydroxylase as well as the many future papers that will play so vital a role in all of our professional lives, it is necessary to acquire the basic vocabulary of the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document