Temporal Focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ◽  
Leilani Muhardi ◽  
Panam Parikh ◽  
Melissa Basso ◽  
Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

Foundations of Rights Jurisprudence in Israel: Chief Justice Agranat's Legacy

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pnina Lahav
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chief Justice ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Distinguished Member

“Liberty of the individual is a thing of the past, or the future, in Palestine”, wrote Bernard Joseph, a distinguished member of Israel's “government in the making” in 1948, shortly before Israel was inaugurated as a sovereign state. Joseph's “present” was the dusk of British rule in Palestine. Draconian Defence (Emergency) Regulations suspended conventional liberties ordinary westerners were accustomed to expect and turned Palestine into a police state.Precisely what “liberty of the individual” the esteemed jurist, who held degrees from both McGill University and the University of London, had in mind when he invoked the past of Palestine is not entirely clear. He could not have possibly meant liberty under the Ottoman regime which prevailed until 1918. Ottoman rule in Palestine was authoritarian, feudal and corrupt.

The Expanding Domain of Aeroelasticity

1946 ◽  
Vol 50 (428) ◽  
pp. 613-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Collar
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

SummaryBy means of a broad survey of the developments in aeroelastic science during the past ten years and of comparable developments in associated fields, in so far as they involve elastic deformation, the present paper attempts to show how the individual subjects concerned are developing strong interconnections. At one time the subjects were for the most part regarded as discrete entities; now they are developing into component parts of an integrated whole —the dynamics of a deformable aeroplane.It is suggested that in the future it may be necessary to discontinue the present methods of treatment of the component subjects as separate, and to adopt a standard method of attack on the problem treated as a unified whole, especially when adequate computational aids become available. A modified approach, involving an arrangement of the subjects in a frequency spectrum, is also discussed. Some speculations on the elastic provisions which may be necessary in the future are included.

scholarly journals Predicting the Future: Art and Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-911
Author(s):  
Akos Rona-Tas
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predictive Algorithms ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Governance

Abstract Predictive algorithms are replacing the art of human judgement in rapidly growing areas of social life. By offering pattern recognition as forecast, predictive algorithms mechanically project the past onto the future, embracing a peculiar notion of time where the future is different in no radical way from the past and present, and a peculiar world where human agency is absent. Yet, prediction is about agency, we predict the future to change it. At the individual level, the psychological literature has concluded that in the realm of predictions, human judgement is inferior to algorithmic methods. At the sociological level, however, human judgement is often preferred over algorthms. We show how human and algorithmic predictions work in three social contexts—consumer credit, college admissions and criminal justice—and why people have good reasons to rely on human judgement. We argue that mechanical and overly successful local predictions can result in self-fulfilling prophecies and, eventually, global polarization and chaos. Finally, we look at algorithmic prediction as a form of societal and political governance and discuss how it is currently being constructed as a wide net of control by market processes in the USA and by government fiat in China.

Politics, Welfare, and Conservation: A Survey of Meta-planning

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Allison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Printed Word

A survey of the printed word, including local and national papers as well as weekly journals over the past ten years, would show an increasing proportion of column inches devoted to issues arising out of physical planning — those issues involving such concepts as ‘environment’, ‘conservation’, ‘amenity’ and ‘leisure space’. As a society, we are becoming increasingly preoccupied with our physical environment and on the whole this preoccupation takes the form of fears for the future. Such fears must begin with two propositions: that the environment (or at least some of its important aspects) is changing rapidly and that this is a matter which affects our general well-being.

scholarly journals Culture, Temporal Focus, and Values of the Past and the Future

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieyuan Guo ◽  
Li-Jun Ji ◽  
Roy Spina ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Asymmetry Effect ◽  
Past Event ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Canadians ◽  
The Future ◽  
Temporal Focus

This article examines cultural differences in how people value future and past events. Throughout four studies, the authors found that European Canadians attached more monetary value to an event in the future than to an identical event in the past, whereas Chinese and Chinese Canadians placed more monetary value to a past event than to an identical future event. The authors also showed that temporal focus—thinking about the past or future—explained cultural influences on the temporal value asymmetry effect. Specifically, when induced to think about and focus on the future, Chinese valued the future more than the past, just like Euro-Canadians; when induced to think about and focus on the past, Euro-Canadians valued the past more than the future, just like Chinese.

scholarly journals Understanding culture as a project

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata M. Leitão ◽  
Solen Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Research Action

This article argues that, in collaboration with Indigenous [and non-Western local] communities, social designers should approach “culture” not only as a form of heritage that should be preserved and transmitted, but also as a project that weaves together heritage, current material circumstances, and desirable ideas for the future. We therefore examine the notion that every culture is intrinsically oriented towards the future, representing a trajectory that links the past to a projected ideal of well-being. Thus, cultural diversity leads to numerous trajectories and distinct futures, contrary to the colonial ideology according to which only one trajectory is possible: that which adheres to the project of eurocentric modernity. Based on a participatory research action project called Tapiskwan, which focused on the aspirations of the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok, we propose that the ultimate goal of social designers should be to nurture local communities’ capacity to (re)create their own autonomous trajectories, in pursuit of the good life as their culture defines it. 

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