scholarly journals Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ◽  
Leilani Muhardi ◽  
Panam Parikh ◽  
Melissa Basso ◽  
Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Healthy Children – An Update and Novel Insights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ◽  
Leilani Muhardi ◽  
Panam Parikh ◽  
Melissa Basso ◽  
Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mental Well Being

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro-and macronutrients, and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

Temporal Focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.

scholarly journals At what age should infants and young children wear a face mask to protect against COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Horne ◽  
Sally Baddock ◽  
Prem Fort ◽  
Peter Blair
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physiological Evidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Face masks are strongly recommended as a tool in the fight against COVID-19 and in adults there is very strong evidence that wearing a face mask is protective to the individual and also aids in decreasing the spread of the virus. There is less evidence for the protective effect of wearing face masks in children and the age at which children are recommended to wear masks differs widely between organisations and countries. This review summarises the current evidence of the benefits and disadvantages of children wearing a face mask, the physiological evidence of face covering in young children and the differences in recommendations between organisations and where there might be consensus.

An Overview of Inflicted Head Injury in Infants and Young Children, With a Review of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Immunohistochemistry

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dolinak ◽  
Ross Reichard
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Context.—Inflicted traumatic brain injury of infants and young children results in a complex array of autopsy findings. In many cases, immunostains for β-amyloid precursor protein are used to detect axonal injury. Interpretation of the gross, microscopic, and immunostaining results requires the integration of the many facets of the individual case. Objective.—In this article we review the gross and microscopic findings associated with inflicted traumatic brain injury. The application and interpretation of β-amyloid precursor protein immunostains are discussed and photomicrographs are used to illustrate immunostaining patterns. Data Sources.—The pertinent literature is integrated into a review of the subject. Conclusions.—Inflicted traumatic brain injury often results in subdural, subarachnoid, retinal, and optic nerve sheath hemorrhage. These findings must be interpreted within the entire context of the case. β-Amyloid precursor protein immunostains may be helpful in illustrating the traumatic nature of the injuries in some cases.

ON THE SUBJECT OF ORDERLY OR LAWFUL BEHAVIOR

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
C. ANDERSON ALDRICH
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The problem of orderly and lawful behavior in young children has been faced realistically. It has been pointed out that infants and young children are influenced by two sets of codes: one, those prescribed by civilized man, and the other by their own inherent growth impulses. The characteristics of the two codes were mentioned, pointing out that the former were of recent origin, extremely variable in different geographic, cultural and even medical situations, and were imposed from without; and that the latter were of extreme antiquity, were on the whole consistent in every social set-up, and exerted their force from within the individual. It was shown that when the two systems regulating child behavior conflict, it is necessary either to train the child to ignore his growth urges in an effort to conform to social dictates or to modify these requirements. The growth demands cannot be changed. The methods by which a child can be made to conform are by persuasion, including example and guidance, or by corporal punishment, neither of which is a perfect method. Illustrations of many aspects of behavior in the young child in which conflict commonly is found were cited to give some idea of in how many respects young children may be confused or frustrated with resulting unapproved behavior. It was emphasized that much of this might be prevented by relatively unimportant changes in the man-made codes. It should be emphasized again that the whole purpose of this discussion is to make conformity to our laws possible and to insist that no child today can grow up doing entirely as he pleases. The adjustments called for are often merely those of timing, of demanding conformity at a later, more reasonable developmental stage.

scholarly journals VISUALIZATION OF THE ART-PLASTIC IMAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COLOR OF ENERGY OF THE CHAKR OF THE HUMAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeva-Anna Demchenko ◽  
◽  
Oksana Lan ◽  
Petro Luno ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lotus Flower ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
The Relationship

The article clarifies the problem of redistribution of energy in the human body, in its etheric body. Seven main energy channels (chakras) are described, which are located on the line of the human rod, their location, spectrum, color, sound, anatomical and physical image. The characteristics of each chakra are given, where the color of the chakra is indicated, which indicates certain fluctuations of energy in the human body with different frequency and amplitude and the correspondence of each of the chakras to a special lotus flower with different number of petals. There is a regularity of lack of energy in a chakra, and this is reflected in the physical body. Psychosomatics has also been linked to illness and emotional state. The personal manifestations of the choreographer's creative creativity, connected with artistic and figurative associations with the color of human energy chakras and the creation of a creative product using the appropriate yoga asanas in the choreographic vocabulary, were studied. The relationship between human energy, behavior and dependence on excess or lack of energy in a particular chakra is analyzed. Find out how human behavior is reflected in a choreographic image. The creation of a plastic-artistic image on the example of energy and color of human chakras is carried out. The peculiarities of creating the dynamics of the image, its character and behavior of the individual are established. The peculiarity of asanas and their connection with well-being and self-expression are analyzed and singled out. The question of researching previously unsolved parts of the general problem arises: personal manifestations of the choreographer's creative work, associated with artistic associations with the color of human energy chakras and creating a creative product using choreographic vocabulary using appropriate yoga asanas. Examples of choreographers using a special range of colors as sources-associations in the process of creating a script for choreographic performances are given; the prospects of research of creativity of the choreographer, his creativity and self-realization are defined.

scholarly journals Mental Resilience and Coping With Stress: A Comprehensive, Multi-level Model of Cognitive Processing, Decision Making, and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna S. Palamarchuk ◽  
Tracy Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Aversive events can evoke strong emotions that trigger cerebral neuroactivity to facilitate behavioral and cognitive shifts to secure physiological stability. However, upon intense and/or chronic exposure to such events, the neural coping processes can be maladaptive and disrupt mental well-being. This maladaptation denotes a pivotal point when psychological stress occurs, which can trigger subconscious, “automatic” neuroreactivity as a defence mechanism to protect the individual from potential danger including overwhelming unpleasant feelings and disturbing or threatening thoughts.The outcomes of maladaptive neural activity are cognitive dysfunctions such as altered memory, decision making, and behavior that impose a risk for mental disorders. Although the neurocognitive phenomena associated with psychological stress are well documented, the complex neural activity and pathways related to stressor detection and stress coping have not been outlined in detail. Accordingly, we define acute and chronic stress-induced pathways, phases, and stages in relation to novel/unpredicted, uncontrollable, and ambiguous stressors. We offer a comprehensive model of the stress-induced alterations associated with multifaceted pathophysiology related to cognitive appraisal and executive functioning in stress.

scholarly journals Determination and Characterization of Women, Infants, and Young Children's Dietary Diversity in Agricultural Mitigation Period of Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Ouedraogo ◽  
Ella WR Compaore ◽  
Sabiba KE Amouzou ◽  
Augustin N Zeba ◽  
Mamoudou H Dicko
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Backgroun: The increasing variety of foods and food groups in the diet helps to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients and promotes good health. The main objective was to determine the diet quality of women, infants, and young children in agricultural mitigation period of Burkina Faso. Methods: A 24-h dietary open recall was used to collect all foods taken by women, infants, and young children in Centre-West region of Burkina Faso. The dietary diversity (DD) score was equal to the number of consumed food groups for infants (6-23 months) according to WHO recommendations and for women and young children (24-59 months) according to food and agriculture organization (FAO). Three DD classes were determined for the individual average DD. For each DD class, food consumption profile was determined by food items or groups consumed by at least 50 percent of women, infants, and young children according to FAO guide. Results: The study was conducted among 971 women, 419 infants, and 189 young children. Regarding the dietary diversity score (DDS), 16.3, 39.2, and 44.5 percent of women and 12.7, 49.7, and 37.6 percent of young children had low (< 5), average (= 5), and high (> 5) rates, respectively. Furthermore, DDS was low (< 4), average (= 4) and high (> 4) in 22.9, 12.6, and 64.4 of infants, respectively. The consumption rates of roots/tubers, dairy products, eggs, and fruits were very low regardless of the women, infants, and young children DDS in times of agricultural mitigation. Conclusion: The diet of women and young children was a little more diversified compared to infants.   

scholarly journals Cereal-based Complementary Foods Marketed in the City of Yaounde: Assessment of the Compliance to Labeling and Nutritional Composition Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mvogo N. Rolly ◽  
Djouhou F. Michelle ◽  
Saha F. Brice ◽  
Kuagny M. Blaise ◽  
Mafogang Borelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Complementary foods are foods intended for consumption by infants and young children to supplement then replace their milk diet. Compliance with labeling and nutritional composition standards conditions their nutritional quality. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the compliance level of Cereal-based Complementary Foods (CCFs) marketed in the city of Yaounde to related standards. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 mothers in 2 hospitals of Yaounde using probabilistic cluster sampling. The labelings and nutritional compositions of the most consumed CCFs coded as “ASC O”, “ASC I”, “ASC E” and “ASC A”, were compared to Codex Alimentarius standards at an acceptability threshold of 80%. Results: The labeling standards were 95.24%, 93.48%, 89.68% and 59.34% compliant for “ASC O”, “ASC I”, “ASC E” and “ASC A” respectively, 52.5%, 73.75%, 83. 75% and 35% for nutritional composition standards. 90% of these CCFs complied with labeling standards, while only 26% with nutritional composition standards. Conclusion: CCFs in Yaounde have as main defects: incomplete labels, labels with errors and falsities, protein and mineral deficiencies. Their producers, controllers, and buyers should respectively improve, control and seek their good quality for the well-being and good health of infants and young children.

scholarly journals Imagination and transformations to sustainable and just futures

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele-Lee Moore ◽  
Manjana Milkoreit
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Transformation Processes

The ability of individuals and groups to identify, assess, and pursue alternative possible futures is an essential component of their ability to deliberately and collectively respond to major sustainability challenges rather than experience unguided or forced change. Deliberately engaging in transformation processes inevitably requires imagination. We refer to imagination for transformations as interdependent cognitive and social processes that create representations of present and possible future states of the world that can inform public deliberation, policy, decision making, and behavior from the individual to the global scale. We contend that imagination is an essential capacity for securing ecological, social, economic, and cultural well-being in times of rapid and often unpredictable global change. We sketch an emerging interdisciplinary research agenda on imagination as a transformational capacity and its role in transformation processes, building on contributions to a special issue on this subject. We specifically focus on imagination in relationship to transformative agency, causation, and individual-collective dynamics. Our aim is to identify research questions and challenges that are most pressing with a view to supporting efforts of transformations toward sustainability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document