Critical Security Studies and Global Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 160-177
Author(s):  
João Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Political Dimensions

This chapter argues that Critical Security Studies (CSS), a diverse range of approaches that have questioned traditional ways of conceiving security, can provide a useful set of tools for understanding global health. CSS enables rich analyses of how health problems emerge as matters of security and allows one to discern the underlying conditions that make this possible, as well as the effects of framing diseases as threats. It also shows how health security can be conceived as a layered phenomenon, encompassing not just state and regional stability but also the everyday lives of individuals and groups. The chapter contextualizes and lays out the core tenets of CSS, then shows how some of the core concepts in the CSS literature can be applied to analysis of health issues. Finally, the chapter demonstrates how CSS can function as a privileged entry point into the political dimensions of the current global health regime.

scholarly journals Securitising Covid-19? The Politics of Global Health and the Limits of the Copenhagen School

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-257
Author(s):  
Daniel Edler Duarte ◽  
Marcelo M. Valença
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Scientific Controversies ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The One

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked controversies over health security strategies adopted in different countries. The urge to curb the spread of the virus has supported policies to restrict mobility and to build up state surveillance, which might induce authoritarian forms of government. In this context, the Copenhagen School has offered an analytical repertoire that informs many analyses in the fields of critical security studies and global health. Accordingly, the securitisation of COVID-19 might be necessary to deal with the crisis, but it risks unfolding discriminatory practices and undemocratic regimes, with potentially enduring effects. In this article, we look into controversies over pandemic-control strategies to discuss the political and analytical limitations of securitisation theory. On the one hand, we demonstrate that the focus on moments of rupture and exception conceals security practices that unfold in ongoing institutional disputes and over the construction of legitimate knowledge about public health. On the other hand, we point out that securitisation theory hinders a genealogy of modern apparatuses of control and neglects violent forms of government which are manifested not in major disruptive acts, but in the everyday dynamics of unequal societies. We conclude by suggesting that an analysis of the bureaucratic disputes and scientific controversies that constitute health security knowledges and practices enables critical approaches to engage with the multiple – and, at times, mundane – processes in which (in)security is produced, circulated, and contested.

scholarly journals The oversecuritization of global health: changing the terms of debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Linking health and security has become a mainstream approach to health policy issues over the past two decades. So much so that the discourse of global health security has become close to synonymous with global health, their meanings being considered almost interchangeable. While the debates surrounding the health–security nexus vary in levels of analysis from the global to the national to the individual, this article argues that the consideration of health as a security issue, and the ensuing path dependencies, have shifted in three ways. First, the concept has been broadened to the extent that a multitude of health issues (and others) are constructed as threats to health security. Second, securitizing health has moved beyond a rhetorical device to include the direct involvement of the security sector. Third, the performance of health security has become a security threat in itself. These considerations, the article argues, alter the remit of the global health security narrative; the global health community needs to recognize this shift and adapt its use of security-focused policies accordingly.

scholarly journals BioCore Guide: A Tool for Interpreting the Core Concepts of Vision and Change for Biology Majors

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Brownell ◽  
Scott Freeman ◽  
Mary Pat Wenderoth ◽  
Alison J. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Biology Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Scientific Accuracy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
And Storage

Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education outlined five core concepts intended to guide undergraduate biology education: 1) evolution; 2) structure and function; 3) information flow, exchange, and storage; 4) pathways and transformations of energy and matter; and 5) systems. We have taken these general recommendations and created a Vision and Change BioCore Guide—a set of general principles and specific statements that expand upon the core concepts, creating a framework that biology departments can use to align with the goals of Vision and Change. We used a grassroots approach to generate the BioCore Guide, beginning with faculty ideas as the basis for an iterative process that incorporated feedback from more than 240 biologists and biology educators at a diverse range of academic institutions throughout the United States. The final validation step in this process demonstrated strong national consensus, with more than 90% of respondents agreeing with the importance and scientific accuracy of the statements. It is our hope that the BioCore Guide will serve as an agent of change for biology departments as we move toward transforming undergraduate biology education.

Theorizing Feminist Health Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Health Security

This chapter conceptualises global health security, discussing its genesis and how it has been theorised. First, the chapter establishes that global health security has failed to consider women and the gendered impact of securitised health policy then conversely, explores how feminists have contended with other security debates, through analysing the sub-discipline of feminist security studies (FSS). FSS seeks to understand women within the security terrain but has yet to consider global health as an area of security analysis. The chapter demonstrates why it is so vital to develop a dialogue between feminist theory and global health security for meaningful development in pandemic preparedness and response activities. It also provides a springboard for the following empirical chapters which engage with a range of further feminist concepts to explore the empirical case of Zika and highlight the need to engage with feminist approaches in order to develop a more comprehensive response to health emergencies and ensure truly global health security.

scholarly journals Pandemics on the Radar Screen: Health Security, Infectious Disease and the Medicalisation of Insecurity

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Elbe
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
International System ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Radar Screen ◽  
Contemporary Practice

How is the rise of global health security transforming contemporary practices of security? To date the literature on global health security has sought to trace how the securitisation of global health is affecting the governance of diseases in the international system; yet no-one has analysed – conversely – how the practices of security also begin subtly to change when they become concerned with a growing number of contemporary health issues. This article identifies three such changes. First, health security debates endow our understandings of security and insecurity in contemporary world politics with an important medical dimension. Second, the rise of global health security enables a range of medical and public health experts to play a greater role in the formulation and analysis of contemporary security policy. Finally, health security debates have also encouraged attempts to secure populations through recourse to a growing array of pharmacological interventions and new medical countermeasures. Drawing upon a rich literature in medical sociology, these three transformations in the contemporary practice of security collectively constitute the ‘medicalisation of security’. This novel perspective on the rise of global health security also reveals new limitations inherent in the emerging health–security interface – limitations associated not so much with the processes of ‘securitisation’ already noted in the global health literature, but rather with wider social processes of ‘medicalisation’. Awareness of the additional limitations renders the threat of a future pandemic even more serious than is commonly thought.

scholarly journals Threat not solution: gender, global health security and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Harman
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Health Security ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract COVID-19 had led to long overdue visibility of the gendered determinants and impacts of health emergencies and global health security. This article explores why gender was neglected in previous health emergencies, what led to change in visibility of gender issues during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the implications of such change for understanding the relationship between gender and global health security. The article explores the question of neglect by drawing on original research into the 2014–16 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, its aftermath and implications for future pandemic preparedness. The article then looks in detail at the research efforts, funding, epistemic community activism and impact of COVID-19 to explain why gender received high profile political attention and acknowledgment. The article argues that the change in visibility, research and advocacy around gender equality during the COVID-19 outbreak does not demonstrate an advancement in gender equality in global health. To the contrary, such visibility reinforces the inherent problems of global health security evident in the 2014–16 Ebola outbreak that create and reproduce binaries of neglect and visibility, and hierarchies of the global health issues that matter, the people that matter and the women that matter. What unites neglect and visibility of gender in global health security is that gender is understood as solution rather than threat. Combined these factors make gender equality incompatible with global health security.

European Union Global Health Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
André den Exter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Eu

The European Union is an important player in global health issues. This paper firstly explains the concept of EU global health law and then examines a number of areas where the EU acts and may influence, directly or indirectly, global health issues (eg, trade, public health, health migration, development aid, and health security). What follows is an attempt to tie up the threads more systematically by advocating a Global Health Convention, based on human rights principles. Such a shared vision on global health law may help the EU and Member States to respond more effectively to global health challenges such as international trade, public health security and health threats. In line with EU Council Conclusions 2010, the focus is on four dominant areas of EU law, explained in more detail. The variety of measures and activities embodies: external trade and global health; EU health law and external relations; health migration and development initiatives; global health security: the emerging health/security nexus. Author conclude that examining the EU’s role in the global health debate, has revealed a ‘hodgepodge’ of legal issues, rather than a distinct body of rules reflecting a coherent framework of EU law. As a result, its role in the global health is largely influenced by other policy areas than health. What is missing is a common global health policy. Communication 2010 provided key elements of what reflects a fragmented, highly compartmentalised approach. Balancing international trade and other economic interests with global health issues requires a shared vision and strategy what is global health. Here, it is argued that the EU should take the lead in drafting such a common policy based on previous experiences in close collaboration with the key global health actor: the WHO. Formulating and implementing a global health treaty at Member State level, a Framework Convention on Global Health could respond to trade, in a more systematic and coherent manner, reflecting international health law principles and specifying State obligations.

scholarly journals Public Health Surveillance: At the Core of the Global Health Security Agenda

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Beth Wolicki ◽  
Jennifer B. Nuzzo ◽  
David L. Blazes ◽  
Dana L. Pitts ◽  
John K. Iskander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Core ◽  
Global Health Security Agenda

The Core Concepts, Skills, and Components Curriculum: Increasing Trauma Expertise in Practitioners

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Layne ◽  
Abigail Gewirtz ◽  
Chandra Ghosh Ippen ◽  
Renee Dominguez ◽  
Robert Abramovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts

Jumping, Climbing and Suspensory Locomotion

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Elastic Energy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Power Amplification ◽  
Core Concepts

Jumping, climbing and suspensory locomotion are specialized locomotor mechanisms used on land and in the air. Jumping is used for rapid launches from substrates. Climbing and suspensory movements enable locomotion up, under and through vertically-structured habitats, such as forests. Elastic energy storage is particularly important for jumping and catapult systems and we address the core concepts of power amplification that are exemplified in nature’s extreme jumpers. We examine the diverse mechanisms of attachment that characterize animals that can grasp and adhere to a diversity of structures. We conclude the chapter by examining the integration of biological capabilities with engineering innovations in these systems.

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