Classification and Diagnosis of Psychopathology

Statistical Manual ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

This chapter deals with the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology in children and adolescents. An overview is given of the most prevalent mental health problems in youth that can be classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Methods are then described that can be employed to classify psychopathology in youth in terms of DSM nomenclature. Next, the pros and cons of the DSM classification system are discussed, after which a number of alternative ways that can be employed to classify psychopathology are addressed. These include the Research Domain Criteria framework and the complex network approach.

Cells, Circuits, and Syndromes: A Critical Commentary on the NIMH Research Domain Criteria Project

Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1891/1559-4343.13.3.229 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 229-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Niall McLaren

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Research Program ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Critical Commentary ◽

The Us ◽

New Research ◽

The US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has recently declared a new research program for psychiatry, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), as the successor of the long-standing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic program. However, the new program is based on a series of assumptions that, on analysis, lack any formal scientific standing. Essentially, as presently conceptualized, the RDoC program is no more than ideology masquerading as science, and thus cannot achieve its stated goals. It is argued that the program will lead psychiatry into intellectually sterile areas because it is in fact the wrong research program for the present state of our knowledge.

Classificação psiquiátrica: tensionamento atual entre realismo e nominalismo

Physis Revista de Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/s0103-73312021310328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rogério da Silva Paes Henriques

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Resumo Apresenta-se o “nominalismo dinâmico” de Hacking, aplicado à classificação psiquiátrica, como exemplo ilustrativo de síntese entre realismo e nominalismo. Expõem-se as perspectivas realistas inscritas tanto moderadamente na proposta híbrida do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), quanto fortemente na proposta naturalista de seus concorrentes: Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) e Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Aponta-se o principal efeito do naturalismo aplicado à classificação psiquiátrica, que consiste no abandono do hibridismo entre realismo e nominalismo, em prol de uma cartografia do mental que, com recurso à matemática, reivindica-se estritamente realista, respondendo a demanda por maior precisão da bipsiquiatria.

Psychiatric Nosology

Public Mental Health ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190916602.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 33-52

Author(s):

Paul S. Nestadt ◽

Karen E. Seymour ◽

James B. Potash ◽

Paul R. McHugh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Historical Context ◽

Psychiatric Nosology ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

This chapter introduces and compares three prominent systems for the classification of mental illness, recognizing that no one system is ideal for all purposes and that there is a complicated historical context for each. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders arose in response to a troubling lack of consistent and reliable diagnostic definitions among both mental health researchers and clinicians. The Perspectives of Psychiatry framework represents a comprehensive approach to mental disorders that begins with the understanding that they can stem from combinations of one’s biology, behaviors, temperament, and personal experiences. The Research Domain Criteria framework is of particular value to scientists investigating the biological underpinnings of mental illness, arranging mental phenomenology along neuropsychological dimensions that can be broken down into proposed mechanisms building from genes to physiology to symptoms.

Alternative Models of Psychopathology: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, Research Domain Criteria, Network Analysis, the Cambridge Model, and the Five-Factor Model

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702621989351 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216770262198935

Author(s):

Thomas A. Widiger

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Wilshire, Ward, and Clark (this issue, p. ♦♦♦) critiqued the classification of psychopathology in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, offering as an alternative a “Cambridge model” that focuses on symptoms rather than syndromes. They compared their model with additional alternatives, such as the Research Domain Criteria, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, and network analysis. In this commentary, I offer further comparisons, considering as well the five-factor model alternative to the DSM syndromal classification of personality disorder.

Research Domain Criteria and OCD

10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0062 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Eyal Kalanthroff ◽

Gideon E. Anholt ◽

Helen Blair Simpson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Diagnostic Systems ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

This chapter discusses the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, an initiative of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) of the United States to develop for research purposes new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures, and explores how the hallmark symptoms of OCD (obsessions, compulsions, and anxiety) can be mapped onto RDoC domains. Unlike current categorical diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM), RDoC seeks to integrate many levels of information (from genomics to self-report) to validate dimensions defined by neurobiology and behavioral measures that cut across current disorder categories. The chapter explores, for heuristic reasons, how the RDoC matrix might be used to elucidate the neurobehavioral domains of dysfunction that lead to the characteristic symptoms of OCD. It then selectively reviews the OCD literature from the perspective of the RDoC domains, aiming to guide future transdiagnostic studies to examine specific neurobehavioral domains across disorders.

Evaluating the Usefulness of DSM in Diagnosing Mental Health Problems: A Review of the Literature

Global Journal of Psychology Research New Trends and Issues ◽

10.18844/gjpr.v6i1.475 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

Basak Baglama

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Health Problems ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm V

Understanding the needs of indivudals with mental disabilities is really important in terms of improving quality of life, intervention and promotion. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) is widely used book for mental health professionals in order to make diagnosis. The present study discusses the usefulness of DSM in diagnosing mental health problems by emphasizing it’s advantages and criticisms. This study used document analysis method in order to provide an overview and discussion of recent literature regarding advantages and criticisms of DSM. Various issues have been discussed and conclusions have been made based on the literature review of this study.

Can psychopathology and neuroscience coexist in psychiatric classifications?

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2018.20.3/macrocq ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Brain Research ◽

18Th Century ◽

Important Goal ◽

Emil Kraepelin ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Late 18Th Century ◽

A crisis of confidence was triggered by the disappointment that diagnostic validity, an important goal, was not achieved with the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, which provides a framework for neuroscientific research, was initially conceptualized as an alternative to DSM. However, RDoC and DSM are complementary rather than mutually exclusive. From a historical perspective, this article argues that the debate opposing psychology and brain in psychiatric classification is not new and has an air of déjà vu. We go back to the first classifications based on a scientific taxonomy in the late 18th century with Boissier de Sauvages, which were supposed to describe diseases as they really existed in nature. Emil Kraepelin successfully associated psychopathology and brain research, prefiguring the interaction between DSM and RDoC. DSM symptoms remain valuable because they are the only data that are immediately and directly observable. Computational science is a promising instrument to interconnect psychopathological and neuroscientific data in the future.

Current diagnostic criteria

10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luis Augusto Rohde ◽

Christian Kieling ◽

Giovanni Abrahão Salum

Keyword(s):

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Adhd Diagnosis ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

History Of ◽

Research Domain ◽

Clinical Category

In this chapter we describe the history of ADHD diagnosis and how it is currently conceptualized in two main classificatory manuals: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for the Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). We also outline differences between DSM and ICD manuals and review discussions in the realm of the 11th edition of the ICD, in its journey to increase clinical utility. Lastly, we discuss the research domain criteria and how this initiative might affect ADHD diagnosis in the future. We conclude by offering a perspective that acknowledges both the limitations of our current classificatory systems, but also points out their paramount importance to clinical practice. ADHD, as currently defined by DSM and ICD, is a well validated clinical category and a useful diagnosis for communication among practitioners, researchers, and for selecting treatments and care for patients.

Mental Health for Asexual Individuals

The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067991.013.29 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 317-329

Author(s):

Esther D. Rothblum

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Attraction ◽

Population Based ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Low Sexual Desire

The present chapter focuses on the mental health of individuals who identify as asexual, defined as not having feelings of sexual attraction for other people. It focuses on population-based studies of the prevalence of asexuality and demographic characteristics of asexual respondents in these surveys. The author describes the stigma of asexual identity as perceived by asexual individuals and by society, as well as the advantages that asexual individuals cite. The author also reviews how low sexual desire is described in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The chapter reviews the (scant) literature on asexual mental health and ends with some implications for future research.

Future Directions in Research and Treatment of Emotion Dysregulation

The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.33 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 476-486

Author(s):

Theodore P. Beauchaine ◽

Hunter Hahn ◽

Sheila E. Crowell

Keyword(s):

Emotion Dysregulation ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Directions ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Target Emotion ◽

Goal Directed Behavior ◽

This chapter discusses themes that emerged while editing the Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation and outlines directions for future research. Although the term emotion dysregulation has at times been used amorphously in the literature, most authors now define the phenomenon as experiences and expressions of emotion that interfere with situationally appropriate, goal-directed behavior. Situational embedding of emotion dysregulation is important given very different expectations of appropriate emotional expression across contexts and cultures. Despite emerging consensus regarding emotion dysregulation as a construct, several challenges lie ahead. Major tasks for the field are to (1) abandon implicit notions of emotion dysregulation in favor of formally operationalized definitions, such as that provided earlier; (2) maintain a clear distinction between emotion dysregulation versus mood dysregulation; (3) map transdiagnostic features of emotion dysregulation across functional domains of behavior such as those instantiated in the Research Domain Criteria matrix and, where appropriate, syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (4) further develop prevention and treatment programs that systematically target emotion dysregulation across development; and (5) extend emotion dysregulation research to stigmatized groups in an effort to identify mechanisms of mental health disparities. Chapters in this volume address these issues and advance the science of emotion dysregulation in new and exciting ways.