scholarly journals Can psychopathology and neuroscience coexist in psychiatric classifications?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Emil Kraepelin ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Research Domain

A crisis of confidence was triggered by the disappointment that diagnostic validity, an important goal, was not achieved with the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, which provides a framework for neuroscientific research, was initially conceptualized as an alternative to DSM. However, RDoC and DSM are complementary rather than mutually exclusive. From a historical perspective, this article argues that the debate opposing psychology and brain in psychiatric classification is not new and has an air of déjà vu. We go back to the first classifications based on a scientific taxonomy in the late 18th century with Boissier de Sauvages, which were supposed to describe diseases as they really existed in nature. Emil Kraepelin successfully associated psychopathology and brain research, prefiguring the interaction between DSM and RDoC. DSM symptoms remain valuable because they are the only data that are immediately and directly observable. Computational science is a promising instrument to interconnect psychopathological and neuroscientific data in the future.

scholarly journals Classificação psiquiátrica: tensionamento atual entre realismo e nominalismo

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério da Silva Paes Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Research Domain

Resumo Apresenta-se o “nominalismo dinâmico” de Hacking, aplicado à classificação psiquiátrica, como exemplo ilustrativo de síntese entre realismo e nominalismo. Expõem-se as perspectivas realistas inscritas tanto moderadamente na proposta híbrida do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), quanto fortemente na proposta naturalista de seus concorrentes: Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) e Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Aponta-se o principal efeito do naturalismo aplicado à classificação psiquiátrica, que consiste no abandono do hibridismo entre realismo e nominalismo, em prol de uma cartografia do mental que, com recurso à matemática, reivindica-se estritamente realista, respondendo a demanda por maior precisão da bipsiquiatria.

Current diagnostic criteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Augusto Rohde ◽  
Christian Kieling ◽  
Giovanni Abrahão Salum
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Clinical Category

In this chapter we describe the history of ADHD diagnosis and how it is currently conceptualized in two main classificatory manuals: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for the Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). We also outline differences between DSM and ICD manuals and review discussions in the realm of the 11th edition of the ICD, in its journey to increase clinical utility. Lastly, we discuss the research domain criteria and how this initiative might affect ADHD diagnosis in the future. We conclude by offering a perspective that acknowledges both the limitations of our current classificatory systems, but also points out their paramount importance to clinical practice. ADHD, as currently defined by DSM and ICD, is a well validated clinical category and a useful diagnosis for communication among practitioners, researchers, and for selecting treatments and care for patients.

Future Directions in Research and Treatment of Emotion Dysregulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 476-486
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Beauchaine ◽  
Hunter Hahn ◽  
Sheila E. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Target Emotion ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Research Domain

This chapter discusses themes that emerged while editing the Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation and outlines directions for future research. Although the term emotion dysregulation has at times been used amorphously in the literature, most authors now define the phenomenon as experiences and expressions of emotion that interfere with situationally appropriate, goal-directed behavior. Situational embedding of emotion dysregulation is important given very different expectations of appropriate emotional expression across contexts and cultures. Despite emerging consensus regarding emotion dysregulation as a construct, several challenges lie ahead. Major tasks for the field are to (1) abandon implicit notions of emotion dysregulation in favor of formally operationalized definitions, such as that provided earlier; (2) maintain a clear distinction between emotion dysregulation versus mood dysregulation; (3) map transdiagnostic features of emotion dysregulation across functional domains of behavior such as those instantiated in the Research Domain Criteria matrix and, where appropriate, syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (4) further develop prevention and treatment programs that systematically target emotion dysregulation across development; and (5) extend emotion dysregulation research to stigmatized groups in an effort to identify mechanisms of mental health disparities. Chapters in this volume address these issues and advance the science of emotion dysregulation in new and exciting ways.

Clinical Heterogeneity Arising from Categorical and Dimensional Features of the Neurobiology of Psychiatric Diagnoses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Krystal ◽  
Alan Anticevic ◽  
John D. Murray ◽  
David Glahn ◽  
Naomi Driesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Neuroscience ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Shed Light

Clinical heterogeneity presents important challenges to optimizing psychiatric diagnoses and treatments. Patients clustered within current diagnostic schema vary widely on many features of their illness, including their responses to treatments. As outlined by the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), psychiatric diagnoses have been refined since DSM was introduced in 1952. These diagnoses serve as the targets for current treatments and supported the emergence of psychiatric genomics. However, the Research Domain Criteria highlight DSM’s shortcomings, including its limited ability to encompass dimensional features linking patients across diagnoses. This chapter considers elements of the dimensional and categorical features of psychiatric diagnoses, with a particular focus on schizophrenia. It highlights ways that computational neuroscience approaches have shed light on both dimensional and categorical features of the biology of schizophrenia. It also considers opportunities and challenges associated with attempts to reduce clinical heterogeneity through categorical and dimensional approaches to clustering patients. Finally, discussion will consider ways that one might work with both approaches in parallel or sequentially, as well as diagnostic schema that might integrate both perspectives.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stewart Agras ◽  
Athena Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Internet Treatment ◽  
Previous Edition ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Selective Eating ◽  
Research Domain

This chapter provides a brief introduction to and overview of the contents of the Handbook. Several issues are highlighted, including changes since the previous edition of this volume, namely, the revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5); the research domain criteria (RDoC), and recent technological innovations such as Internet treatment and the use of virtual reality related to eating disorders. Chapters on selective eating, bariatric surgery, and cognitive remediation have also been added. Themes carried forward from the previous edition of the Handbook are presented in updated chapters reviewing etiological, maintenance, assessment, comorbidity, medical complications, and pharmacotherapy, as well as evidence-based prevention and treatment considerations.

Compulsivity, impulsivity, and the DSM-5 process

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Berlin ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Research Domain

Compulsivity and impulsivity are cross-cutting, dimensional symptom domains that span traditional diagnostic boundaries. We examine compulsivity and impulsivity from several perspectives and present implications for these symptom domains as they relate to classification. We describe compulsivity and impulsivity as general concepts, from the perspectives of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) Research Planning Agenda, and from the DSM-5 workgroups, literature reviews, and field trials. Finally, we detail alternative modes of classification for compulsivity and impulsivity in line with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).

Conceptualization of psychosis in psychiatric nosology

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Matcheri S. Keshavan ◽  
John Torous ◽  
Rajiv Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Current Standards

The definition of psychotic spectrum disorders such as schizophrenia has evolved with changing nosology and scientific advancements over the last 200 years. Understanding both the historical evolution of the concept and recent changes reflected in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) Research Domain Criteria (RDOC) framework is critical for informing current efforts to further update and refine the nosology of psychotic spectrum disorders. This chapter offers an overview of past classification schemes, current standards, and novel approaches to further improve the validity of these definitions through use of biomarkers, reverse nosologies, and digital phenotyping tools like smartphones and sensors.

Extraordinary Science and Psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Research Program ◽  
Research Domain

The subject of the book is the culture of crisis and controversy that exists in contemporary mental health research, following the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the National Institute of Mental Health’s declaration of it as unfit for guiding research in psychiatry. The book explores both the nature and sources of the crisis as well as whether and, if so, how, it can be overcome. It brings together a collection of original articles that develop and apply various analytical ideas and strategies from the philosophy of science, and from other relevant areas of philosophy and science, with the aim of clarifying some aspects of the current crisis and the associated extraordinary science. The themes of the chapters include understanding the research domain of mental illness, clarifying the nature of the problems that constitute the current crisis, identifying key substantive and methodological assumptions concerning classification and research focused on the domain of mental illness, identifying ideas bearing on how best to respond to the current crisis with respect to the scientific research agenda, and constructively addressing the tension between pursuing a progressive scientific research program concerning mental illness and maintaining a place of prominence for individual persons and their contexts.

Cells, Circuits, and Syndromes: A Critical Commentary on the NIMH Research Domain Criteria Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Domain

The US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has recently declared a new research program for psychiatry, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), as the successor of the long-standing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic program. However, the new program is based on a series of assumptions that, on analysis, lack any formal scientific standing. Essentially, as presently conceptualized, the RDoC program is no more than ideology masquerading as science, and thus cannot achieve its stated goals. It is argued that the program will lead psychiatry into intellectually sterile areas because it is in fact the wrong research program for the present state of our knowledge.

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