The Oxford Handbook of Grammatical Number

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
The Core ◽  
Grammatical Number ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Means

This volume offers an overview of current research on grammatical number in language. The chapters Part i of the handbook present foundational notions in the study of grammatical number covering the semantic analyses of plurality, the mass–count distinction, the relationship between number and quantity expressions and the mental representation of number and individuation. The core instance of grammatical number is marking for number distinctions in nominal expressions as in English the book/the books and the chapters in Part ii, Number in the nominal domain, explore morphological, semantic, and syntactic aspects of number marking within noun phrases. The contributions examine morphological marking of number the relationship between syntax and nominal number marking, and the interactions between numeral classifiers with semantic number and number marking. They also address cases of mismatches in form and meaning with respect to number displayed by lexical plurals and collective nouns. The final chapter reviews nominal number processing from the perspective of language pathologies. While number marking on nouns has been the focus of most research on number, number distinctions can also be found in the event domain. Part iii, Number in the event domain, presents an overview of different linguistic means of expressing plurality in the event domain, covering verbal plurality marking, pluractional modifiers of the form Noun preposition Noun, frequency adjectives and dependent indefinites. Part iv provides fifteen case studies examining different aspects of grammatical number marking in a range of typologically diverse languages.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. xx-12
Author(s):  
Patricia Cabredo Hofherr ◽  
Jenny Doetjes
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grammatical Number

This introduction gives an outline of the major issues in the research on grammatical number, covering different types of nominal number marking, the relation between number and individuation, and number in the event domain. The second part of the chapter provides a summary of the chapters of the book, which is divided into four parts: foundations, nominal number, event number, and case studies.

scholarly journals The interaction between photovoltaic materials and building forms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Project ◽  
Photovoltaic Materials ◽  
Recreational Facility ◽  
Architectural Decision ◽  
Building Form ◽  
The Relationship

There is an intrinsic relationship between photovoltaic materials and building forms; although there are numerous imaginations and concepts about buildings integrated photovoltaic materials. The relationship between these two components needed to be identified and examined in the process of architectural decision making. This thesis explores the relationship between photovoltaic materials and building forms in particular geographical and climatic environments through case studies and then proposes an architectural design project. Based on the research suggestion, the design illustrates how a recreational facility adopts an approximate building form for photovoltaic integration and how the concept is developed. Some implications and principle for solar design are summarized in the final chapter.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Keith Grint
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This chapter opens the debate about mutiny by considering the relationship between mutiny and leadership. Before considering the omnipresence of civil dissent, and the nature of power in military organizations, it explores leadership as a relational activity, rather than an individual competence, and suggests that, although the cases discussed are primarily historical, mutiny remains a permanent possibility. The rest of the chapter outlines the structure of the book, starting with a theoretical review of mutiny, followed by the various case studies: mutinies in revolutionary times; mutinies in the First and Second World Wars; mutinies after the First and Second World Wars; mutinies in Civil Wars; mutinies and ethnicity; dystopian and utopian mutinies; and mutinies against austerity. The final chapter reflects on the nature of the moral economy that underpins organizations and finishes by considering the role of individuals in mutinies.

Effects of the grammatical representation of number on cognition in bilinguals

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
PANOS ATHANASOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Grammatical Number ◽  
The Relationship

Research investigating the relationship between language and cognition (Lucy, 1992b) shows that speakers of languages with grammatical number marking (e.g. English) judge differences in the number of countable objects as more significant than differences in the number or amount of non-countable substances. On the other hand, speakers of languages which lack grammatical number marking (e.g. Yucatec) show no such preference. The current paper extends Lucy's (1992b) investigation, comparing monolingual English and Japanese speakers with Japanese speakers of English as a second language (L2). Like Yucatec, Japanese is a non-plural-marking language. Results show that intermediate L2 speakers behave similarly to the Japanese monolinguals while advanced L2 speakers behave similarly to the English monolinguals. The results (a) provide support for the claim that grammatical representation may influence cognition in specific ways and (b) suggest that L2 acquisition may alter cognitive dispositions established by a first language (L1).

scholarly journals The interaction between photovoltaic materials and building forms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Project ◽  
Photovoltaic Materials ◽  
Recreational Facility ◽  
Architectural Decision ◽  
Building Form ◽  
The Relationship

There is an intrinsic relationship between photovoltaic materials and building forms; although there are numerous imaginations and concepts about buildings integrated photovoltaic materials. The relationship between these two components needed to be identified and examined in the process of architectural decision making. This thesis explores the relationship between photovoltaic materials and building forms in particular geographical and climatic environments through case studies and then proposes an architectural design project. Based on the research suggestion, the design illustrates how a recreational facility adopts an approximate building form for photovoltaic integration and how the concept is developed. Some implications and principle for solar design are summarized in the final chapter.

Number in Sign Languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-660
Author(s):  
Roland Pfau ◽  
Markus Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Specific Sign ◽  
Plural Marking ◽  
Grammatical Number

In sign languages, just as in many spoken languages, number can be marked on nouns, pronouns, and verbs, and quantifiers are used to specify quantity within noun phrases. The chapter does not address the expression of grammatical number in one specific sign language, but rather describes patterns found in various sign languages, focusing on modality-independent and modality-specific properties of number marking. As for the former, nominal and verbal plurals are commonly realized by reduplication. As for number-marking strategies specific to visual–spatial languages, it is found that sign languages employ the two hands (e.g. lexical plurality), the signing space in front of the signer's body (e.g. plural marking on predicates), and specific reduplication types that are not attested in spoken languages (e.g. sideward reduplication of certain nouns). In addition, the choice of pluralization strategy is determined by modality-specific phonological features, and we are thus dealing with phonologically conditioned allomorphy.

3. Conservatism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Garnett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Core ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the basic features of conservative ideology, with particular emphasis on its strongly contested nature. It begins with a discussion of two major issues: whether conservatism is distinctive ideology and whether the core ideas of conservatism have changed over time. It then shows how conservatism differs from varieties of liberalism and goes on to explore ‘conservatism’ in the United States, along with some apparent manifestations of conservatism in political parties and movements outside the United Kingdom. Finally, it looks at the relationship between conservatism and religion. Case studies on the ideas of Edmund Burke, Winston Churchill, Barry Goldwater, and Friedrich von Hayek are presented.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Common Trends ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Third Party

The final chapter serves as conclusion to the book and examines the core conceptual questions through which the various case studies of third-party peacemakers were presented through the book, as well as identifying both common trends and variations between them. The core conceptual questions include: What was the social status of the third-party peacemakers and connection to the sides in conflict? Who took the initiative to intervene? Did the peacemakers bring the sides to a compromise agreement? Did they reconcile the conflict sides, and if so, how? The chapter concludes with a discussion on the scope of third-party peacemaking in Judaism, and the implications for today.

scholarly journals Impact and the Research Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35
Author(s):  
Debbie Savage ◽  
Gareth Loudon ◽  
Ingrid Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Design History ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

How to successfully create impact from academic research is the focus of much debate. Discussions often centres on the role of discipline, researcher skills and behaviour, or institutional systems to capture impact evidence, but little consideration is given to the relationship between research impact and the research environment. Focussing on the Impact Case Studies submitted to Unit of Assessment 34: Art & Design: History, Practice and Theory, this research used Content and Narrative Analysis to review a sample of the most and least successful Impact submissions as ranked by Times Higher Education. The aim was to identify the characteristics of high-scoring Impact Case Studies to inform strategies for supporting the generation of research impact, but what emerged was evidence of a nuanced relationship between research environment and research impact. For Research and Management Practitioners, these findings highlight a need to extend beyond the development of training, advice and databases and respond directly to the core purpose and ethos of research impact. This can be achieved through the cultivation of an open, flexible and dynamic research environment capable of responding to institutional and researcher needs in order to allow impact to flourish.

The State of Cooperatives in Rural Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-163
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
South African ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between the rural development and cooperative movement and the implications of such a relationship in terms of addressing socio-economic challenges in Africa and still upholding the cooperative ideals, principles, and values. The chapter starts off by conceptualising cooperatives followed by the evolution of cooperatives in Africa with specific focus on opportunities and challenges faced by cooperative enterprises in addressing socio-economic challenges in rural Africa. A brief history of selected case studies such as Ghanaian and Kenyan cooperative movements are highlighted. The historical account is followed by an overview of cooperative movement in the context of South Africa. In addition, lessons are drawn from selected cases for South African cooperative movement and finally the concluding remarks. This chapter makes use of case studies as the core research method.

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