The Oxford Handbook of Cyber Security

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
National Infrastructure

As societies, governments, corporations, and individuals become more dependent on the digital environment, so they also become increasingly vulnerable to misuse of that environment. A considerable industry has developed to provide the means with which to make cyberspace more secure, stable, and predictable. Cybersecurity is concerned with the identification, avoidance, management, and mitigation of risk in, or from, cyberspace—the risk of harm and damage that might occur as the result of everything from individual carelessness to organized criminality, to industrial and national security espionage, and, at the extreme end of the scale, to disabling attacks against a country’s critical national infrastructure. But this represents a rather narrow understanding of security and there is much more to cyberspace than vulnerability, risk, and threat. As well as security from financial loss, physical damage, etc., cybersecurity must also be for the maximization of benefit. The Oxford Handbook of Cybersecurity takes a comprehensive and rounded approach to the still evolving topic of cybersecurity: the security of cyberspace is as much technological as it is commercial and strategic; as much international as regional, national, and personal; and as much a matter of hazard and vulnerability as an opportunity for social, economic, and cultural growth.

Cyber-Security for ICS/SCADA

2020 ◽  
pp. 613-630
Author(s):  
Barend Pretorius ◽  
Brett van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Nation States ◽  
National Infrastructure

Industrial control systems (ICS) or supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) systems drive many key components of the national infrastructure. It makes these control systems targets for cyber-attacks by terrorists and nation-states who wish to damage their target economically and socially, and cyber-criminals who blackmail the companies operating the infrastructure. Despite the high risk of leaving these systems exposed, providing adequate cyber-security is often challenging. The Stuxnet worm illustrated how vulnerable control systems potentially are when it bypassed a number of security mechanisms to cause physical damage to an Iranian nuclear facility. The article focuses on ICS/SCADA in South Africa discussing the unique challenges and legislation relate to securing control system in the South Africa. A governance and security framework for overcoming these challenges are proposed.

Cyber-Security for ICS/SCADA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barend Pretorius ◽  
Brett van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Nation States ◽  
National Infrastructure

Industrial control systems (ICS) or supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) systems drive many key components of the national infrastructure. It makes these control systems targets for cyber-attacks by terrorists and nation-states who wish to damage their target economically and socially, and cyber-criminals who blackmail the companies operating the infrastructure. Despite the high risk of leaving these systems exposed, providing adequate cyber-security is often challenging. The Stuxnet worm illustrated how vulnerable control systems potentially are when it bypassed a number of security mechanisms to cause physical damage to an Iranian nuclear facility. The article focuses on ICS/SCADA in South Africa discussing the unique challenges and legislation relate to securing control system in the South Africa. A governance and security framework for overcoming these challenges are proposed.

scholarly journals Enhancing relationships between criminology and cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486582110039
Author(s):  
Benoît Dupont ◽  
Chad Whelan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Cyber Crime ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
The Moment

‘Cybercrime’ is an umbrella concept used by criminologists to refer to traditional crimes that are enhanced via the use of networked technologies (i.e. cyber-enabled crimes) and newer forms of crime that would not exist without networked technologies (i.e. cyber-dependent crimes). Cybersecurity is similarly a very broad concept and diverse field of practice. For computer scientists, the term ‘cybersecurity’ typically refers to policies, processes and practices undertaken to protect data, networks and systems from unauthorised access. Cybersecurity is used in subnational, national and transnational contexts to capture an increasingly diverse array of threats. Increasingly, cybercrimes are presented as threats to cybersecurity, which explains why national security institutions are gradually becoming involved in cybercrime control and prevention activities. This paper argues that the fields of cyber-criminology and cybersecurity, which are segregated at the moment, are in much need of greater engagement and cross-fertilisation. We draw on concepts of ‘high’ and ‘low’ policing ( Brodeur, 2010 ) to suggest it would be useful to consider ‘crime’ and ‘security’ on the same continuum. This continuum has cybercrime at one end and cybersecurity at the other, with crime being more the domain of ‘low’ policing while security, as conceptualised in the context of specific cybersecurity projects, falls under the responsibility of ‘high’ policing institutions. This unifying approach helps us to explore the fuzzy relationship between cyber- crime and cyber- security and to call for more fruitful alliances between cybercrime and cybersecurity researchers.

Hacking humanitarians: Defining the cyber perimeter and developing a cyber security strategy for international humanitarian organizations in digital transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (913) ◽  
pp. 367-387
Author(s):  
Massimo Marelli
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations

AbstractDigitalization and new technologies have an increasingly important role in today's humanitarian activities. As humanitarian organizations become more active in and reliant on new and digital technologies, they evolve from being simple bystanders to being fully fledged stakeholders in cyberspace, vulnerable to adverse cyber operations that could impact on their capacity to protect and assist people affected by armed conflict or other situations of violence.This shift makes it essential for humanitarian organizations to understand and properly map their resulting cyber perimeter. Humanitarian organizations can protect themselves and their activities by devising appropriate cyber strategies for the digital environment. Clearly defining the digital boundaries within which they carry out operations lays the groundwork for humanitarian organizations to develop a strategy to support and protect humanitarian action in the digital environment, channel available resources to where they are most needed, and understand the areas in which their operational dialogue and working modalities need to be adapted for cyberspace.The purpose of this article is to identify the unique problems facing international humanitarian organizations operating in cyberspace and to suggest ways to address them. More specifically, the article identifies the key elements that an international humanitarian organization should consider in developing a cyber security strategy. Throughout, the International Committee of the Red Cross and its specificities are used as an example to illustrate the problems identified and the possible ways to address them.

ON CULTURAL EXTREMISM AND WAYS TO OVERCOME ITS MANIFESTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
GADZHIEV MAGOMEDEMIN M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Political Extremism ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The North ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
The Russian Federation

Extremism prevention is an essential component of the work in the field of national security of the country. The article reveals some of the main forms of extremism, such as religious-political, ethno-social, economic, pseudoscientific, and others, and provides examples. The main content of the article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence and diversity of manifestations of cultural extremism in the country, especially in the North Caucasus and Dagestan. Numerous concrete examples are given, proving that cultural extremism takes place and sometimes takes on quite acute forms. It is shown that the manifestations of cultural extremism are more difficult to combat, since it manifests itself among more literate and intellectually savvy people and does not have open ideologically organized forms, as in the case of religious and political extremism. The article considers the current law of the Russian Federation and the draft new law on culture, which notes all the mechanisms for overcoming extremism in culture, and which clearly emphasize the primacy of the rights and freedoms of an individual creative personality.

scholarly journals Cyber Warfare Impact to National Security - Malaysia Experiences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azian Ibrahim ◽  
Noorfadhleen Mahmud ◽  
Nadrawina Isnin ◽  
Dina Hazelbella Dillah ◽  
Dayang Nurfauziah Fauz Dillah
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Senior Manager ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
The Government

This study analyzed the cyber warfare impact on national security and focusing on Malaysia experiences. The issues regarding cyber warfare have become a serious concern since it was a risk of national security in Malaysia. The objectives of the study are to analyze issues related to cyber warfare that affected Malaysian system security, to determine causes that caused to cyber warfare. This study used a qualitative research approach to evaluate the current defense approaches related to cyber warfare in Malaysia. The interviews were conducted with the respective respondents: the Senior Manager, Research Management Centre, Strategic Research, and Advisory Department of Cyber Security Malaysia Department. This study can contribute to expanding the security of national security by demanding the government to adopt a broad acquisition risk management strategy. It can assist in the development of highly effective aggressive and defensive methods to any company dealing with future cyber warfare challenges and risk.

4. Duty of care III: property damage and purely financial loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-111
Author(s):  
Christian Witting
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Financial Losses

This chapter is concerned with duties of care that arise when the claimant suffers either property damage or purely financial loss (that is, loss not attendant on physical damage or on any other primary interest recognised in negligence). Again, we find that duties of care are quite expansive with respect to property damage when the claimant owns or possesses the property in question. By contrast, duties of care are restricted with respect to purely financial losses. The most frequently upheld duties in the latter category cover negligent misstatements and the negligent provision of professional services, the scope of which is dictated by application of the Hedley Byrne v Heller framework or some variant of it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document