Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-220
Author(s):  
Caitríona Heinl
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Tools And Techniques

This chapter considers factors that may afford non-state actors like terrorists or extremists in the cyber field an opportunity to access offensive cyber means and how this threat might be best managed. It acknowledges that other terrorism-related areas identify a risk in focusing too narrowly on the technology, rather than dealing with motivations and intentions effectively. Similarly, recommendations from law enforcement authorities include preventing criminals from becoming involved in the first place. The main thrust of this chapter is on solutions and minimizing opportunities for violence from occurring rather than countering extremism itself. The concept of so-called ‘cyber terrorism’ is examined, including current perceptions on the degree of terrorist access to offensive cyber means. Several factors that could affect, to varying degrees, such proliferation of tools and techniques include the following: 1. Rising complexity and vulnerabilities in the cyber domain; 2. Maturing skills; 3. The nexus with criminal groups and hacktivists; 4. Levels of resilience; 5. Media exposure; and 6. International negotiations on state behaviour vis-à-vis cyber weapon proliferation.

4. Controlling and preventing organized crime

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Antonopoulos ◽  
Georgios Papanicolaou
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
New Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Issue ◽  
Crime Legislation ◽  
Criminal Groups

‘Controlling and preventing organized crime’ discusses the types of policy and law enforcement approaches intended to address organized crime as an issue. The US became the first country to develop a comprehensive and wide-ranging response to the phenomenon of ‘organized crime’. Legislation introduced in the late 1960s gave prosecutors a new model based on patterns of criminal activity rather than specific offences. Alongside the new tools for prosecuting criminal groups, it increased the severity of sanctions against them. The US approach became the model for other countries. With organized crime being seen as an international issue new organizations have appeared to address it. But can organized crime ever be prevented?

Administrative Flows

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-141
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Community Noise ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The City

The chapter focuses on two law enforcement institutions. The first is the police, one of the most visible state actors in the city and a recurrent choice for dealing with community noise. The second institution is the Urban Silence Program (Programa de Silêncio Urbano, or PSIU), a municipal agency created in 1994. After tracing the administrative flows inside the police and the PSIU, I suggest a comparative analysis of the two institutions. By following sound as it circulates within each of these governmental bodies, I argue that, different than the groups considered so far, the main concern for the executive branch is not so much ontological or epistemological issues surrounding noise, but rather consolidating (1) legal-bureaucratic stability, (2) budgetary principles, and (3) political party affiliations.

scholarly journals CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES AGAINST FREEDOM, COMMITTED BY ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUPS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
K.V. Chemerinskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
The North ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Groups

The article provides a criminological characteristic of crimes against freedom committed by organized criminal groups in the North Caucasian Federal District. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that these crimes have become a common phenomenon in some regions of the Russian Federation, especially in the North Caucasus Federal District. The aim of the study is to determine the criminological indicators of crime against freedom committed by organized criminal groups. When writing the article, the methods of analysis and generalization of materials from investigative and judicial practice, polls, questionnaires of certain categories of the population were used. The article says that the most widespread crime in the North Caucasus Federal District, according to official statistics, is kidnapping. Determinants of criminality against personal freedom committed by organized criminal groups are listed. Particular attention is paid to corruption in law enforcement agencies, which contributes to the concealment of the facts of committing these crimes by organized criminal groups, the latency of crimes against personal freedom in the North Caucasus Federal District. Revealed and substantiated the need to develop a concept of economic transformations using the latest technologies, taking into account regional specifics. Some measures to prevent this category of crime are proposed. The result of the study is the formulation of conclusions that effective measures to counter organized crime against personal freedom are to improve the activities of the subjects of operational-search activities, as well as victimological socialization of the population

scholarly journals Information and analytical support for the detection and investigation of crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Olga Borisovna Dronova ◽  
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kurin ◽  
Anna Pavlovna Alekseeva ◽  
Dmitriy Nikolaevich Sidorenko ◽  
Svetlana Dmitrievna Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Criminal Groups

The effectiveness of law enforcement agencies is constantly monitored by the public, and its indicator is the safety of citizens, the ability to exercise their rights and freedoms. One of the strategic resources of the life of modern society is various information. Computer networks, geographical information systems, means of tactical forecasting of crimes, numerous integrated databases are already widely applied in the activities of the law enforcement agencies. Despite this, the main information resource for forensic purposes represented by the information arrays of the forensic registration system still remains a repository of heterogeneous data, the collective use of which causes significant organizational and technical difficulties. Information and analytical support for the disclosure and investigation of crimes is aimed at obtaining an analytical information product about the structure, hierarchy, and composition of criminal groups, about the commodity and cash flows and relations of individuals and legal entities, about their joint criminal activities, about the unidentified circumstances of the events of the crime to be proven. The implementation of cumulative inspections of objects and traces on various information arrays helps to establish the missing information about the crime event.

scholarly journals A New State of Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Davina Shanti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
New Research

Organized crime is often associated with traditional criminal groups, such as the mafia or outlaw motorcycle gangs; however, new research suggests that cybercrime is emerging as a new branch of organized crime. This paper is focused on the changing nature of organized crime and the factors that influence this shift, particularly in the online space. It will address the question: Can the law identify cybercrime as organized crime? The results of this paper are informed by an in-depth analysis of peer-reviewed articles from Canada, the United States (US), and Europe. This paper concludes that cybercrime groups are structured and operate similarly to traditional organized crime groups and should, therefore, be classified as a part of traditional organized crime; however, cybercrime groups are capable of conducting illicit activities that surpass those typically associated with traditional organized crime. This shift suggests that these groups may represent a larger threat creating a new challenge for law enforcement agencies.

The Fundamentals of Digital Forensics and Cyber Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
Kirti Raj Raj Bhatele ◽  
Deepak Dutt Mishra ◽  
Himanshu Bhatt ◽  
Karishma Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Digital Forensics ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Cyber Forensics ◽  
The World ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
Indian Law ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides prerequisites associated with cyber crimes, cyber forensics, and law enforcement. It consists of a brief introduction to the definition of cyber crimes, its classification, challenges associated with it and how it evolved with time, impact on the society, cyber terrorism, and the extent of problem scalability along with focusing on law enforcement aspects associated with the tracking and the prevention from such type crimes. The aspects discussed here include various cyber laws and law enforcement techniques introduced by various countries throughout the world which helps them to fight against cyber crimes. The cyber laws discussed include Australian, Canadian, United States, United Kingdom, and Indian law. This chapter also deals with the digital/cyber forensics, what does digital/cyber forensics mean, its types, and laws/rules revolving around them, like how to collect evidence, jurisdictions, and e-discovery.

The Fundamentals of Digital Forensics and Cyber Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Kirti Raj Raj Bhatele ◽  
Deepak Dutt Mishra ◽  
Himanshu Bhatt ◽  
Karishma Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Digital Forensics ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Cyber Forensics ◽  
The World ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
Indian Law ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides prerequisites associated with cyber crimes, cyber forensics, and law enforcement. It consists of a brief introduction to the definition of cyber crimes, its classification, challenges associated with it and how it evolved with time, impact on the society, cyber terrorism, and the extent of problem scalability along with focusing on law enforcement aspects associated with the tracking and the prevention from such type crimes. The aspects discussed here include various cyber laws and law enforcement techniques introduced by various countries throughout the world which helps them to fight against cyber crimes. The cyber laws discussed include Australian, Canadian, United States, United Kingdom, and Indian law. This chapter also deals with the digital/cyber forensics, what does digital/cyber forensics mean, its types, and laws/rules revolving around them, like how to collect evidence, jurisdictions, and e-discovery.

CRIMINAL ANALYSIS – AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR COMBATTING ORGANISED ECONOMIC CRIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-305
Author(s):  
MARIUSZ WOJTALEWICZ ◽  
BEATA SPEICHERT-ZALEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Economic Nature

Criminal analysis in law enforcement agencies’ work has been around for many years. Initially, it was used by police offi cers in a nonformalised way, its main purpose being to try to understand and systematise crimes. Attempts to draw conclusions from the collected data contributed to greater effectiveness of the detection process. Nowadays, the need for effi ciency in processing the increasing amount of data, and the far-reaching professionalisation of criminal groups have resulted in the fact that criminal analysis is no longer a cure-all for a lack of thinking, but an indispensable tool in the effective fi ght against crime. Considering the above, the article presents the need for the effective use of criminal analysis in combatting mainly organised crime of an economic nature.

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