Memory development

The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827474.013.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Patricia J. Bauer ◽

Jessica A. Dugan

Keyword(s):

Declarative Memory ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Developmental Courses ◽

World Knowledge ◽

Memory Processes ◽

Age Related ◽

Temporal Structures ◽

The Life Course ◽

Age Related Changes

Memory and its development are multifaceted. Different forms of long-term memory—non-declarative and declarative—have different developmental courses. Some types of non-declarative memory are apparent early and are relatively developmentally invariant. In contrast, different forms of declarative memory have different trajectories. Semantic memory, our storehouse of world knowledge, begins to develop early and the contents of the knowledge store accumulate over the life course. The other major forms of declarative memory, namely, episodic and autobiographical memory, have a protracted course of development that is related to age-related changes in the basic memory processes of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, from infancy throughout childhood. In turn, changes in basic memory processes are related to changes in the temporal-cortical network (medial-temporal structures and association cortices) that subserves them.

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The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000038 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 249-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Márk Molnár ◽

Roland Boha ◽

Balázs Czigler ◽

Zsófia Anna Gaál

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory Processes ◽

Different Types ◽

The Brain ◽

Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

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Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

10.31234/osf.io/5zcw7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

John J Shaw ◽

Zhisen Urgolites ◽

Padraic Monaghan

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Different Types ◽

Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

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A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Octodon degus

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnint.2021.719076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela S. Rivera ◽

Carolina B. Lindsay ◽

Carolina A. Oliva ◽

Francisco Bozinovic ◽

Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Natural Aging ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Barnes Maze ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Dependent

Aging is a progressive functional decline characterized by a gradual deterioration in physiological function and behavior. The most important age-related change in cognitive function is decline in cognitive performance (i.e., the processing or transformation of information to make decisions that includes speed of processing, working memory, and learning). The purpose of this study is to outline the changes in age-related cognitive performance (i.e., short-term recognition memory and long-term learning and memory) in long-lived Octodon degus. The strong similarity between degus and humans in social, metabolic, biochemical, and cognitive aspects makes it a unique animal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits related to natural aging. In this study, we examined young adult female degus (12- and 24-months-old) and aged female degus (38-, 56-, and 75-months-old) that were exposed to a battery of cognitive-behavioral tests. Multivariate analyses of data from the Social Interaction test or Novel Object/Local Recognition (to measure short-term recognition memory), and the Barnes maze test (to measure long-term learning and memory) revealed a consistent pattern. Young animals formed a separate group of aged degus for both short- and long-term memories. The association between the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) from short-term memory with the first component of the PCA from long-term memory showed a significant negative correlation. This suggests age-dependent differences in both memories, with the aged degus having higher values of long-term memory ability but poor short-term recognition memory, whereas in the young degus an opposite pattern was found. Approximately 5% of the young and 80% of the aged degus showed an impaired short-term recognition memory; whereas for long-term memory about 32% of the young degus and 57% of the aged degus showed decreased performance on the Barnes maze test. Throughout this study, we outlined age-dependent cognitive performance decline during natural aging in degus. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the use of a multivariate approach let us explore and visualize complex behavioral variables, and identified specific behavioral patterns that allowed us to make powerful conclusions that will facilitate further the study on the biology of aging. In addition, this study could help predict the onset of the aging process based on behavioral performance.

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Dissociating refreshing and elaboration and their impacts on memory

10.1101/423277 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lea M. Bartsch ◽

Vanessa M. Loaiza ◽

Lutz Jäncke ◽

Klaus Oberauer ◽

Jarrod A. Lewis-Peacock

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Ethics Committees ◽

Fmri Data ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

List Type ◽

Term Memory ◽

Age Related

AbstractMaintenance of information in working memory (WM) is assumed to rely on refreshing and elaboration, but clear mechanistic descriptions of these cognitive processes are lacking, and it is unclear whether they are simply two labels for the same process. This fMRI study investigated the extent to which refreshing, elaboration, and repeating of items in WM are distinct neural processes with dissociable behavioral outcomes in WM and long-term memory (LTM). Multivariate pattern analyses of fMRI data revealed differentiable neural signatures for these processes, which we also replicated in an independent sample of older adults. In some cases, the degree of neural separation within an individual predicted their memory performance. Elaboration improved LTM, but not WM, and this benefit increased as its neural signature became more distinct from repetition. Refreshing had no impact on LTM, but did improve WM, although the neural discrimination of this process was not predictive of the degree of improvement. These results demonstrate that refreshing and elaboration are separate processes that differently contribute to memory performance.HighlightsRepeated reading, refreshing, and elaboration are differentiable in brain activation patterns in both young and older adults.Elaboration selectively improved long-term memory for young adults, and the size of the benefit was related to the neural separability of elaboration from other processes.Older adults implemented a sub-optimal form of elaboration, and this may be a factor contributing to age-related deficits in long-term memory.Ethics statementThe study was approved by the ethical review board of the canton of Zurich (BASEC-No. 2017-00190) and all subjects gave informed written consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Data and code availability statementAll behavioral data and analysis scripts can be assessed on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/p2h8b/). The fMRI data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, LMB. The fMRI data are not publicly available due to restrictions of the Swiss Ethics Committees on research involving humans regarding data containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.

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