Time in Action

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Bodily Movement

This chapter links phenomenology with cognitive science. It deals with the “intrinsic temporality” in both bodily movement and action, some of which is experienced, but some of which happens at the subpersonal levels of analysis. The chapter begins with Husserl's dynamic model of retention and protention, extending it to unconscious motor processes too. Bringing empirical studies to support the claims throughout, the discussion then focuses on various timescales in an effort to show how the concept of free will becomes important.

scholarly journals Vital Energy and Afterlife: Implications for Cognitive Science of Religion

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (61) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Monteiro Roazzi ◽  
Carl N. Johnson ◽  
Melanie Nyhof ◽  
Silvia Helena Koller ◽  
Antonio Roazzi
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Science Of Religion ◽  
Science Of Religion ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
Supernatural Agency ◽  
Intuitive Theory

Literature investigating people’s concepts of supernatural agency (such as ghosts and deities) points to an intuitive theory of mind underlying such ideas, however, recent studies suggest that intuitive ideas over vital energy could also be involved. The present paper focuses on examining the culture and development of people’s conceptions on vital energy. A search was made using the keyword vital energy targeting literature from Anthropology, Psychology and Cognitive Science. A literature review over this topic was made yielding reflections over the development of vital energy concepts. Results suggest that an intuitive biology, grounded on ideas of biological energy (vital energy), may underlie an understanding of soul, spirit, and supernatural energy. Future empirical studies should target the development of vital energy intuitive theories with different age ranges and cultures.

An object relations perspective on borderline personality

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Yeomans ◽  
K. N. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Object Relations Theory

One of the principal formulations of borderline personality disorder is based on object relations theory, a component of psychoanalytic theory. To remain relevant, psychoanalytic formulations must find support from empirical research. After summarizing the object relations understanding of borderline personality, the authors review studies in biological neuroscience, developmental psychology and cognitive science related to the fundamental concepts of object relations theory as it aplies to borderline pathology. This review suggests that these empirical studies support psychoanalytic formulations originally derived from clinical practice and observation.

The neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter: A tribute to Paul McGhee. Part I. Introduction and clinical studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Rodden
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Imaging Methods

AbstractThis review article was written for people like Paul McGhee when he was 20 years old: curious and interested in the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter but neither physicians nor experts in cognitive science. It begins with necessary reflections on what it even means to consider humor, smiling and laughter from within these disciplines. These frames of reference, useful as they are, are far from neutral. The reader is encouraged to be sensitive to some logical and linguistic pitfalls that can fatally endanger meaningful discussions of these subjects. The results of empirical studies of humor, smiling and laughter which have employed the tools of neurology and psychiatry are then reviewed, roughly in the order in which the techniques have emerged historically, beginning with clinical studies (Part I) and continuing with current studies employing functional imaging methods in Part II. Therapeutic approaches using humor, smiling and laughter, particularly with respect to neurological and psychiatric diseases – but also including other diseases – are discussed. Finally a short synopsis of what is known about the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter is presented.

Empirical Studies of Design Ideation: Alignment of Design Experiments With Lab Experiments

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami J. Shah ◽  
Steven M. Smith ◽  
Noe Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
David R. Gerkens ◽  
Muqi Wulan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Design Ideation

Although various Idea Generation (IG) methods exist for conceptual design, the ideation process is still hardly understood. There is a need for a Design Ideation Model that explains the variables and processes occurring during IG. Cognitive Science provides models and theories, but these are usually derived from simple tasks or problems. On the other hand, Design Research simulates real world design better, but experimentation at the design level is time consuming and is difficult to isolate due to interactions of the variables involved. This paper introduces an approach for the alignment of experiments at the design level with lab experiments in cognitive psychology. Two key concepts that make this alignment possible are: ideation components (mechanisms believed to promote IG) recognized in Design Research and Cognitive Science, and uniform measures. The long-term objective of this research is the creation of a Design Ideation Model; this will require the testing and modeling of several of these ideation components. This paper presents results from Design and Lab Experiments for a selected component: incubation. Results are discussed and their significance explained in the context of the Design Ideation Model. This study found that, based on the correlation at both the Lab and Design Experiments, incubation had a positive impact on Design Ideation. Further, the alignment approach followed proved to be appropriate for the individual modeling of ideation components.

When is enough enough? The integration of competing scientific agendas

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
Jozsef A. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
Four Levels

This commentary asks the reader to examine Pylyshyn's target article and the imagery debate at four levels of analysis – institutional, programmatic, empirical, and individual. It is proposed that the debate follows somewhat generic patterns of discourse at all four levels, but the discourse associated with one side of the debate may or may not be expressible and evaluated in terms of the other. The different sides of the debate might better serve cognitive science if they proceed as separate research programs in their respective sub-disciplines. A more inclusive program could result, however, if the opposing approaches could somehow unite.

Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Flow Visualization of an Enclosed Wet Processing System

1995 ◽  
Vol 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Bay ◽  
Christopher F. McConnell ◽  
Huw K. Thomas ◽  
Michael G. Izenson ◽  
Jayathi Murthi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Bubble Generation ◽  
Flow Modification ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Point To Point

ABSTRACTWith the goal of optimizing point-to-point etch uniformity in a continuous flow wet processing system, a comprehensive fluid dynamics study was undertaken. Aspects of this work included developing a computational, finite-element, fluid dynamic model; performing a series of empirical studies based on dye-injection with photo detection and video analysis; and observing platinumwire bubble generation with transparent wafers.Various flow modification designs were tested including the base case of no inserted device, a stationary “spinner” insert, and a stationary “showerhead” insert. Unsteady, non-uniform, flow distribution and zones of substantial flow recirculation were observed in the case of using no flow modification device. These observations were confirmed with the computational fluid dynamic model.Used in conjunction with the two different types of flow inserts, a new supplementary Teflon screen was designed and tested. The combined optimum configuration using this screen with an insert was then identified. Significantly enhanced point-to-point etch uniformity, with minimal recirculation and prompt fluid displacement, resulted from this design.

scholarly journals En defensa del concepto de “actuación estética” como actuación teatral verosímil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Gina Cima Vallarino ◽  
Juan C. González González
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
A Performance ◽  
Aesthetic Performance

Este trabajo atañe a la experiencia teatral desde la estética y las ciencias cognitivas. Se defiende la idea de que la actuación estética puede ser entendida como actuación verosímil. Si la experiencia estética posee tres dimensiones –sensorial, conceptual y hedonista–, la verosimilitud en la actuación se lograría en términos de una estrecha y apropiada relación entre ellas. La experiencia estética del espectador sería, pues, una consecuencia de lo que éste percibe, piensa y siente. A su vez, los estudios empíricos permiten establecer criterios objetivos de evaluación para juzgar una actuación como verosímil, tanto por parte del actor como del espectador. In Defense of the Concept of “Aesthetic Performance” as Truthful Theatrical PerformanceThis work concerns Aesthetics and Cognitive Science. Furthermore, deals with theatrical issues, defending the idea that an aesthetic performance can be understood as a truthful performance. If the aesthetic experience has three dimensions –sensory, conceptual and hedonistic–, the truthfulness of the performance would be achieved thanks to a close and appropriate relationship between them. The aesthetic experience of the spectator would thus be a consequence of what he/she perceives, thinks and feels. At the same time, empirical studies allow to establish objective criteria of evaluation for judging the truthfulness of a performance, by both the actor and the spectator. Recibido: 03 de agosto de 2020Aceptado: 14 de diciembre de 2020

scholarly journals Experimental Philosophy on Free Will and Determinism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robin Aldridge-Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Central Point ◽  
Causal History ◽  
Recent Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
Folk Intuitions

<p>In the debate over whether free will is compatible with determinism most philosophers on both sides think that folk intuitions are a constraint on philosophical theorising. Most also think that the same criteria are required for free will in all cases. But recent attempts to empirically study folk intuitions about free will appear to show that these two positions cannot be jointly maintained. That is because folk intuitions about free will appear to represent compatibilist and incompatibilist criteria for free will in different cases. In response to this some philosophers have run new studies to demonstrate problems with older ones and undermine their results. One such study has been claimed to show that some participants mistakenly inferred that an agent‘s mental states have no effect on their actions given determinism. In this thesis I argue that the questions about causation that were used in this study were too ambiguous to show this. My central point is that when considering the causal history of an action we tend to privilege the earlier causes over later ones. When participants responded that an agent‘s mental states have no effect on their actions they may have meant that there were earlier conditions that caused the agent‘s mental states which then caused their actions. This would show that the participants had made the correct inference that given determinism the causal histories of an agent‘s actions extend back in time to events outside of the agent‘s mind. Thus the problem of the apparent mismatch between folk intuitions and philosophical theories of free will remains. I also suggest that the results of these studies also appear to demonstrate a greater level of disagreement among folk intuitions about the same cases than philosophers seem to expect. This raises questions about whether the same theory of free will has to apply to everyone, and if so, whether folk intuitions support any such theory. In chapter one I begin by briefly describing the free will debate and the role that folk intuitions usually play within it. I describe some debate over the usefulness of folk intuitions in philosophy, and make some small contributions on behalf of their usefulness. I describe and defend the recent movement towards attempting to empirically study folk intuitions on philosophical issues. In chapter two I describe the empirical studies that seem to show that folk intuitions about free will represent compatibilist criteria in some cases and incompatibilist criteria in others. I suggest that they also seem to show that when considering the same case some folk have compatibilist intuitions and some have incompatibilist intuitions. I raise some questions about the implications of rejecting the assumption, which most philosophers seem to make, that people generally have the same intuitions about the same cases. In chapter three I present the study that is claimed to show that participants in the earlier studies were confused, and thus that they did not really have incompatibilist intuitions. I present my arguments against it and conclude that for now the original interpretation of those studies stands, along with the problems it raises.</p>

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