Metamemory in Psychopathology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Izaute ◽  
Elizabeth Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Professional Integration ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metacognitive Processes ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Metamemory Monitoring ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Social And Professional Integration

This chapter explores the degree to which various psychopathologies influence metamemory. The literature suggests such patients suffer different impairment patterns rather than global, nonspecific impairments of metamemory processes and the memory-metamemory relationships: Depressed patients present memory and metamemory difficulties; obsessive-compulsive patients appear to suffer from metamemory impairments rather than memory disturbances. ADHD patients suffer more from control process impairments than from monitoring deficits. Patients with autism present metamemory and memory difficulties that are restricted to certain context. The chapter focuses on schizophrenia, as impairments of cognition and consciousness are today considered core symptoms of the illness and contribute to patients ‘difficulties in social and professional integration. Patients with schizophrenia present specific disruptions and selective preservation of the metacognitive processes, as the accuracy of their metamemory monitoring is relatively preserved, whereas their metamemory control is sometimes impaired. The presence of preserved abilities allows for optimism regarding patients’ possibilities to improve their memory.

scholarly journals “This Is Not the Original Timeline”: A Case Report of an Extended Dissociative Episode in a Healthy Young Male Accompanied with Severe Decline in Mental State

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Godwin Tong ◽  
Kieran Groom ◽  
Louisa Ward ◽  
Muhammad Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Symptoms

Dissociation is a disconnection between a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of who he or she is. Dissociative disorders can be described and understood using the combination of five core symptoms: amnesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, identity confusion, or identity alteration. They are frequently associated with previous experience of trauma. The challenge in diagnosis and the lifetime prevalence of approximately 10% in the general population and clinical psychiatric setting ensures the relevance of this case. We write about a 21-year-old gentleman with history of autism and obsessive compulsive disorder, but no significant medical history was presented to the emergency department with increased anxiety, subsequently progressing to agitation, pacing, and becoming nonverbal. No significant findings were uncovered on laboratory blood testing (other than prolactin 737 mu/L and phosphate 0.35 mmol/L), lumbar puncture, or brain imaging. Consequently, he was admitted to a psychiatric unit for assessment. The patient continued to present with severe disorientation, limited speech, and altered state of consciousness with occasional spastic-like movements. Antipsychotic and benzodiazepine medication was initiated, with no significant change in presentation. The patient continued to be witnessed wandering and having incoherent speech. First signs of improvement came 21 days postadmission with brief conversation and lucidity. This continued to improve over the next 7 days where he was reported to be at his baseline mental state. Environmental stressors including university examinations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent contact with his estranged father were possible precipitants to the episode. The patient reported almost complete unawareness of the psychiatric admission. A diagnosis of dissociative disorder, unspecified, was given. This case shows the management and diagnostic challenges of patients presenting with the aforementioned symptoms. There are no formal guidelines for the management of treating dissociative episodes, and this case report suggests the possible benefits of a drug-free period of watchful waiting upon admission.

Psychodynamic Perspectives on OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. King
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Core ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms

A psychodynamic perspective attempts to understand the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in terms of excessive, maladaptive efforts to cope with perceived dangers posed by aggressive or sexual impulses and in terms of distorted information processing and rigid cognitive styles that are intolerant of ambiguity. The psychodynamic perspective also sees OC phenomena against the backdrop of normal childhood development and the vicissitudes of conscience formation, as well as culturally defined notions of ordered boundaries/transgressions and cleanliness/pollution. This perspective provides valuable insights into the subjective experience of patients with these disorders. Similarly, although psychodynamic therapy in its classic form appears to be ineffective for the core symptoms of obsessions and compulsions, the psychodynamic approach can be very helpful in understanding what patients make of their symptoms and in forming a therapeutic alliance that facilitates more evidence-based approaches.

scholarly journals French Support and Work Assistance Establishment and Social and Professional Integration of Workers With Disabilities in Rural Areas. The Example of Habert (Savoie, France)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Meddy Escuriet ◽  
Mauricette Fournier ◽  
Sophie Vuilbert
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Professional Integration ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Social And Professional Integration

This article proposes to address the issue of inclusion through work and in a rural environment of people with mental disabilities and/or intellectual disabilities. Through the example of a French support and work assistance establishment, the support and work assistance establishment Le Habert, located in a small rural and mountainous village in the Alps and offering people with disabilities to work on a farm, the article will first address the importance of work as a means for people to regain their dignity. Between the feeling of usefulness and pride in participating in the operation of one territory, by being fully involved in the process of producing and adding value to a product, accompanying the farm allows, apart from these therapeutic virtues, a real professional inclusion. Living in houses or apartments in the surrounding villages, the accommodation, allowing contact between people with disabilities and local inhabitants is also a vector of social inclusion. However, while the rural setting can be an asset for inclusion because of the professional and social opportunities, the isolation and geographical inaccessibility of the rural mountainous environment can be an obstacle for people who do not necessarily have the means to be mobile. By offering personalised support for mobility, the institution transforms geographical exclusion into an asset for professional, social and spatial inclusion.

Cortisol and Prolactin Responses to d-Fenfluramine in Non-depressed Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Comparison with Depressed and Healthy Controls

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Lucey ◽  
Veronica O'Keane ◽  
Gerard Butcher ◽  
Anthony W. Clare ◽  
Timothy G. Dinan
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Drug Free

Cortisol and prolactin responses to d-fenfluramine were measured in 10 drug-free normothymic patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The results were compared with these responses in 10 healthy controls and in 10 major depressives. The endocrine responses in OCD were significantly attenuated when compared to the healthy controls; however, the results were not specific to OCD as the depressives' responses were similarly blunted.

Borderline Personality and Quality of Life

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1044-1044
Author(s):  
M. Touhami ◽  
F. Ouriaghli ◽  
F. Manoudi ◽  
F. Asri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Individual Psychotherapy ◽  
Professional Integration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Rehabilitation ◽  
Social And Professional Integration

IntroductionThe borderline personality disorder is the most frequent personality disorder in psychiatry.It causes significant changes in social, family and professional functioning, wish can sometimes be severe enough to cause an alteration of quality of life for this patients.ObjectiveTo assess the quality of life among people with borderline personality in order to improve patients care.MethodsA retrospective study on 25 patients hospitalized in our hospital during the period between 2006 and 2008.ResultsIn 92% of our sample, there is a social impact, represented by social and family isolation (64% of cases), separations, divorces (28%). 40% of patients are in a good economical level. 56% of the sample had no education beyond high school, only 36% were able to attend college. In 96% of cases, the symptoms have affected the education and occupation with dropout in 56% fragile employability in 28% and job loss in 12%.ConclusionBPD sounds significantly on the social and professional integration of patients, so consequently on the quality of life. Pharmacological treatment alone is not enough. Individual psychotherapy and group rehabilitation activities can contribute on improving the quality of life of borderline subjects.

scholarly journals Transnational communities : Filipina nurses in rural Manitoba, 1965-1970

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bejar
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Professional Integration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transnational Communities ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Social And Professional Integration

This major research paper examines a unique group of Filipina nurses of the 1960s in Canada's immigration history. First, the conditions that encouraged the migration of Filipino professionals from the Philippines after World War Two are discussed. Second, the public and private sector maneuverings that facilitated the nurses' transportation to Canada are revealed. Third, the factors and experiences that resulted in the women's successful integration into mainstream rural Canada are explored. The achievement of Filipina nurses is indicative of a model example of social and professional integration into Canadian society.

Sexual Dysfunction and Clomipramine

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith C. Quirk ◽  
Thomas R. Einarson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
The Third ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Orgasmic Dysfunction

Three cases of orgasmic inhibition by clomipramine are reported, one in a male and two infernales. All were depressed patients with obsessive-compulsive features. Orgasmic dysfunction manifested shortly after beginning clomipramine therapy despite a return of libido as the depression lifted. Two of these patients switched to desipramine which led to a resolution of sexual dysfunction while maintaining the patients depression free. The third patient manipulated dosage times to diminish the orgastic problem. Strong anticholinergic and/or anti-adrenergic properties of clomipramine are suspected to underlie the development of this problem.

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