Randomized Controlled Trials in Music Therapy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri L. Robb ◽  
Debra S. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Comparative Treatment ◽  
Therapy Interventions

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are experiments that compare two or more groups of participants, and participants are assigned to groups based on chance. Groups include an experimental intervention group that is being compared to a treatment as usual, a low dose or attention control condition, and/or a comparative treatment group. The purpose of randomization is to equalize groups on both known and unknown characteristics that may influence the outcome and the effectiveness of the intervention. This chapter describes how music therapists have used RCTs to demonstrate the effectiveness of music therapy interventions and services. Key strategies for implementing RCT designs are presented, and studies in music therapy that have used this design are reviewed.

scholarly journals Child Advocacy Centers in the United States and Music Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Ann Blank
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Randomized Controlled

In the United States, children who suffer trauma or abuse receive services through Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs). Over 800 CACs provided treatment and services to nearly 325,000 children in 2016 (National Children’s Alliance, 2016b).  CACs coordinate the work of multidisciplinary teams (MDT) including law enforcement, mental health, medical, and social service personnel to help children and families heal. CACs are autonomous groups made up of affiliations with many local agencies. This article provides a description of the National Children’s Alliance (NCA) standards for implementing treatment, including the state of music therapy implementation in CACs. The literature has shown that music therapy can be helpful to address needs of children and families who have experienced trauma, suggesting that this may offer a helpful treatment modality in CACs. However, music therapy is rarely available in CACs. This may be, in part, a result of the lack of randomized controlled trials, a key determining factor for inclusion in the annotated bibliography that accompanies the NCA Standards (National Children’s Alliance, 2013). Music therapy practice has addressed the clinical needs of children and teens who have been abused. This work is often presented in clinical reflections, not randomized controlled trials. Music therapy is currently not included in the treatment modalities utilized by CACs because of a perceived lack of evidence base. This article attempts to synthesize the information available to provide CACs with the current state of research in music therapy with children who have been abused. This article also provides music therapists with a depth of information about the structure and function of CACs, including a synthesis of the NCA Standards of Practice. The article presents a description for the implementation of music therapy services in a CAC in New Jersey and includes recommendations for music therapists who wish to seek out opportunities for clinical practice at CACs

scholarly journals CADRES COMPETENCE IN COMMUNITY-BASED MANAGEMENT OF CHILD ILLNESS IN BANYUMAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Umi Solikhah ◽  
Hari Kusnanto ◽  
Fitri Haryanti ◽  
Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Child Illness ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: One of the efforts in the health sector for programs to reduce infant and under-five mortality and morbidity rates is by the competence-based integrated management childhood illness (CB-IMCI) program. However, the program has been poorly implemented by health workers at the health center. Thus, the involvement of cadres is needed and their competency remains important to be improved.Objective: To quantitatively analyze cadre knowledge and competencies in the CB-IMCI program, and its relationship with the implementation of CB-IMCI, as well as to qualitatively explore and analyze the responses of cadres, health workers, and the community to the addition of cadre roles to the management of sick children.Methods: This was a mixed methods study with randomized controlled trials and qualitative method. For randomized controlled trials, 100 cadres were selected, which 50 randomly assigned in the intervention and control group. And for quantitative methods, informants included 10 cadres, 4 health workers, and 20 mothers. Paired t-test and independent t-test were employed for quantitative analysis, and triangulation was used for qualitative analysis.Results: The improvement of knowledge in the intervention group was better (I=14.42/C=4.44/p-value 0.00). The intervention group was more competent in the management of child illness (p-value 0.00). In addition, the cadres have additional competencies assisted by health workers to confidently detect cases earlier, and health center services reach a wider coverage in the community.Conclusion: The addition of cadres roles and competencies in the management of child illness in the community can be implemented in Banyumas Regency. It is suggested that the implementation of this program should be followed up in other health centers by the health department of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Liver-related safety assessment of green tea extracts in humans: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Isomura ◽  
S Suzuki ◽  
H Origasa ◽  
A Hosono ◽  
M Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract There remain liver-related safety concerns, regarding potential hepatotoxicity in humans, induced by green tea intake, despite being supposedly beneficial. Although many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of green tea extracts have been reported in the literature, the systematic reviews published to date were only based on subjective assessment of case reports. To more objectively examine the liver-related safety of green tea intake, we conducted a systematic review of published RCTs. A systematic literature search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) in December 2013 to identify RCTs of green tea extracts. Data on liver-related adverse events, including laboratory test abnormalities, were abstracted from the identified articles. Methodological quality of RCTs was assessed. After excluding duplicates, 561 titles and abstracts and 119 full-text articles were screened, and finally 34 trials were identified. Of these, liver-related adverse events were reported in four trials; these adverse events involved seven subjects (eight events) in the green tea intervention group and one subject (one event) in the control group. The summary odds ratio, estimated using a meta-analysis method for sparse event data, for intervention compared with placebo was 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.5–9.8). The few events reported in both groups were elevations of liver enzymes. Most were mild, and no serious liver-related adverse events were reported. Results of this review, although not conclusive, suggest that liver-related adverse events after intake of green tea extracts are expected to be rare.

MUSIC THERAPY FOR STROKE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Sanita Šuriņa ◽  
Jana Duhovska ◽  
Kristīne Mārtinsone
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Arm Function

There are numerous trials, showing positive results for using the music therapy for stroke patient rehabilitation. Therefore, summarizing the data from these trials is an actual topic. The objective, of this research, was to summarize the data from trials about the use of music therapy methods and techniques, especially the rhythmic auditory stimulation, for improving of the motor functions for stroke patients, by creating a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, with meta-analysis. The trials where searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Trial Register and EBSO databases. The trial quality was evaluated by the PEDro scale. 20 randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis for 5 gait outcomes, including gait speed, steps per minute, step length, gait symmetry, Time up and go test, and 7 arm function outcomes, including Fugl-Meyer test, ARAT test, Box and blocks test, Wolf motor function test, Nine hole peg test, shoulder flexion, elbow extension, was conducted. According to the results of the meta-analysis, gait exercises, combined with rhythmic auditory stimulation, provide statistically significant improvement, compared with gait exercises alone. Concerning the use of rhythmic auditory stimulation and other music therapy interventions for arm function rehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was not detected.  

scholarly journals A Guide to Interpretation of Studies Investigating Subgroups of Responders to Physical Therapy Interventions

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 698-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hancock ◽  
Robert D. Herbert ◽  
Christopher G. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Statistical Interactions ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Subgroup Effects

Many researchers and clinicians believe the effectiveness of existing physical therapy interventions can be improved by targeting the provision of specific interventions at patients who respond best to that treatment. Although this approach has the potential to improve outcomes for some patients, it needs to be implemented carefully because some methods used to identify subgroups can produce biased or misleading results. The aim of this article is to assist readers in assessing the validity and generalizability of studies designed to identify subgroups of responders to physical therapy interventions. The key messages are that subgroups should be identified using high-quality randomized controlled trials, the investigation should be limited to a relatively small number of potential subgroups for which there is a plausible rationale, subgroup effects should be investigated by formally analyzing statistical interactions, and findings of subgroups should be subject to external validation.

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