Africa’s Urbanization

2015 ◽  
pp. 583-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freire ◽  
S. Lall ◽  
D. Leipziger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Social Division ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Congestion Costs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

This chapter examines Africa’s urbanization and the challenges and opportunities it presents, with emphasis on what it will take to make African cities efficient, sustainable, and inclusive. Using economic geography as an organizing framework, it proposes policies that not only support agglomeration benefits but also manage congestion costs. The discussion begins by sketching key elements of African urbanization (heterogeneity, income levels, capital investment, etc.) followed by a review of recent literature on urban growth models and how they apply to Africa’s urbanization process. It then considers what should be done to encourage efficient and inclusive African cities, while taking into account the diversity of countries as well as the continent’s geographical and social division.

The Comparative Political Economy of Growth Models: Explaining the Continuity of FDI-Led Growth in Ireland and Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-106
Author(s):  
Dorothee Bohle ◽  
Aidan Regan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Business Power ◽  
Comparative Capitalism

This article argues that the quiet politics of informal business-state interaction explains the political determinants of growth regimes. Building on the business power literature within the study of comparative capitalism, it shows that the noisy politics of elections often leads to changes of government but rarely to fundamental changes in the growth regime. Rather, growth models can be traced to the interactions and interests of dominant corporations within a country and its policymaking elites. The argument is developed through a comparative case study research design, using the case of foreign direct investment–led (FDI-led) growth in Ireland and Hungary. FDI-led growth regimes are a universe of cases that rely on state-led industrial and enterprise policies targeting the capital investment of foreign-owned multinational firms. Despite periods of noisy electoral politics challenging basic tenets of the FDI-led growth model in both Hungary and Ireland, the continuity of FDI-oriented growth is traced to the corporate politics of business-state elite deals.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Uncertainty in Urbanization Predictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Jairo Alejandro Gómez ◽  
ChengHe Guan ◽  
Pratyush Tripathy ◽  
Juan Carlos Duque ◽  
Santiago Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
New Town ◽  
Spatiotemporal Uncertainty

With the availability of computational resources, geographical information systems, and remote sensing data, urban growth modeling has become a viable tool for predicting urbanization of cities and towns, regions, and nations around the world. This information allows policy makers, urban planners, environmental and civil organizations to make investments, design infrastructure, extend public utility networks, plan housing solutions, and mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Despite its importance, urban growth models often discard the spatiotemporal uncertainties in their prediction estimates. In this paper, we analyzed the uncertainty in the urban land predictions by comparing the outcomes of two different growth models, one based on a widely applied cellular automata model known as the SLEUTH CA and the other one based on a previously published machine learning framework. We selected these two models because they are complementary, the first is based on human knowledge and pre-defined and understandable policies while the second is more data-driven and might be less influenced by any a priori knowledge or bias. To test our methodology, we chose the cities of Jiaxing and Lishui in China because they are representative of new town planning policies and have different characteristics in terms of land extension, geographical conditions, growth rates, and economic drivers. We focused on the spatiotemporal uncertainty, understood as the inherent doubt in the predictions of where and when will a piece of land become urban, using the concepts of certainty area in space and certainty area in time. The proposed analyses in this paper aim to contribute to better urban planning exercises, and they can be extended to other cities worldwide.

scholarly journals A spatial zoning approach to calibrate and validate urban growth models

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kazemzadeh-Zow ◽  
Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki ◽  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Najmeh Neisani Samani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Growth Models

scholarly journals Patterns of Population and Urban Growth in Southwest Europe: 1920-2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Chatel ◽  
Mateu Morillas-Torné ◽  
Albert Esteve ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Geography ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Population Concentration

This work seeks to measure, locate, and explain changes in the distribution of population and urban growth in the territory formed by France, Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula between 1920 and 2010. This is based on population data of more than fifty-six thousand local units obtained from population censuses: the Geokhoris database that we built. Our starting viewpoint is that it is only possible to understand the extent of the urbanization process within the context of the evolution of all of the municipalities. The description of the distribution and growth of population at the local level shows the population concentration in the various urban agglomerations, and, since 1970, a relative deconcentration and extension of the cities. Within this context, a regression model helped us to identify the geographic factors that correlate with these fundamental transformations in population geography, which were also indicative of new forms of social organization within the territory.

Modeling Urban Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 322-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Hedonic Price Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Behavior Models

This article examines the different types of urban model used in urban planning in North America, and to a lesser extent, in Europe, Asia, and South Americam, which include the population-projection models, economic base models, hedonic price models, and travel-behavior models. It describes emerging procedures such as land-use change and urban-growth models, and looks at Charles Tiebout's model of efficient public choice and Thomas Schelling's model of spatial segregation.

scholarly journals Towards resilient African cities: Shared challenges and opportunities towards the retention and maintenance of ecological infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Farrell ◽  
Pippin Anderson ◽  
Christina Culwick ◽  
Paul Currie ◽  
Jessica Kavonic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Ecological Infrastructure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Economic Development

Non-technical summary There are significant challenges to retaining indigenous biodiversity and ecological infrastructure in African cities. These include a lack of formal protection and status for remnant ecologically functional patches rendering them open to ad hoc human settlement, which is in part linked to weak governance and management emerging from complex histories, and competing crisis-ridden demands. Persistent gaps in knowledge and practice mean that the social, economic, development and well-being benefits of ecological infrastructure are not understood or demonstrated. Addressing these challenges requires the adoption of multiple top-down government interventions and bottom-up community and neighbourhood actions. The development of detailed case studies that engage with knowledge generation and sharing at multiple scales through co-learning practices will also help create a much-needed deeper understanding of development options within this context.

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