Contact and Postcontact Iñupiat Ethnohistory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn W. Sheehan ◽  
Anne M. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Contact Period

This chapter covers the contact and postcontact period of Iñupiat history in northern and northwestern Alaska, drawing on archaeological and ethnohistorical records. The period of interest saw gradually increasing interaction with Europeans—initially Russian, and eventually British and American. In terms of archaeology, though, the contact period, and in particular the nineteenth century, is under-represented. This chapter covers the radical changes impacting Iñupiat society in terms of settlement patterns, warfare, trade, architecture, social relations, mortuary practices and the history and effects of contact with Euro-Americans. Several areas that could benefit from additional research are highlighted, including continued research on early political and social organization, as well as projects aimed at understanding early non-Native sites in the region.

Archaeology of the Late Western Thule/Iñupiat in North Alaska (. 1300–1750)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Resource Stress ◽  
Hunting Culture ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Caribou Hunting

This chapter covers the Late Western Thule (LWT) and precontact Iñupiat of Northern Alaska, the most recent archaeological manifestation of the Northern Maritime tradition. From a maritime-adapted, whale-hunting culture living in semisubterranean sod-covered houses, this culture expanded to include inland settlements along rivers and in caribou hunting regions. The chronology of the LWT period is refined, based on recent advances in dating and many new dates. Other topics covered include settlement patterns and demography, technology, trade, architecture, social relations, mortuary practices, and the history and effects of contact with Euro-Americans. Several unresolved questions, including climate-change effects, the existence and nature of resource stress, and factors governing interior occupation are highlighted.

Mortuary Practices and the Social Order at La Quemada, Zacatecas, Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Nelson ◽  
J. Andrew Darling ◽  
David A. Kice
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Epiclassic occupants of the site of La Quemada left the disarticulated remains of 11-14 humans in an apparently sacred structure outside the monumental core of the site. Several lines of evidence are reviewed to generate propositions about the ritual meanings and functions of the bones. A comparative analysis reveals the complexity of mortuary practices in northern and western Mexico, and permits the suggestion that these particular remains were those of revered ancestors or community members. The sacred structure is seen as a charnel house, in which the more ancient tradition of ancestor worship expressed in shaft tombs was essentially perpetuated above ground. Hostile social relations are clearly suggested, however, by other categories of bone deposits. Recognition of the rich variability of mortuary displays leads to questions about their role in the maintenance of the social order.

The True Story of Ah Jake

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae M. Ngai
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
True Story ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Murder Trial

This chapter examines how the issues of language, labor, and justice intertwined in the murder trial of Ah Jake, a Chinese gold miner in nineteenth-century California. The focus is on the transcript of the Sierra County court's hearing in October 1887, on whether to bring the charge of murder against Ah Jake for the killing of another miner, Wah Chuck. Much of the hearing took place in pidgin, or Chinglish. The chapter first tells the story of Ah Jake and how he came to stand trial for murder before discussing the cross-cultural relations between Anglo, Mexican, and Chinese workers in the gold fields of nineteenth-century California. It suggests that the traces of history that can be gleaned from Ah Jake's trial and pardon, when considered within the frame of transpacific circulations of people, language, and organization, produce new knowledge about social relations in the late-nineteenth-century California interior.

A planter’s life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela McCarthy ◽  
T.M. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
New Crops ◽  
The Andes

Ceylon’s natural environment underwent huge changes during the nineteenth century due to the importation of new crops, above all the coffee tree from Ethiopia, cinchona from the Andes, and tea from the Himalayas. We evocatively examine transformations to Taylor’s environs including his natural surroundings, health, living conditions, and social relations.

Family Clusters: Generational Nucleation in Nineteenth-Century Argentina and Chile

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Balmori ◽  
Robert Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
Broad Generalization ◽  
National Formation

This paper is derived from the authors' detailed studies of two groups of nineteenth-century families—eighteen families in Argentina and twenty-four in Chile. The studies revealed such remarkable similarities in the evolution of the two groups that it is possible to propose a broad generalization in respect to the social organization and national formation of both countries: there was, in each country, a three-generation sequence during which a number of families came together to form clusters that became the controlling entities of a region. Their base for political and economic control was either the existing capital city or a city that had been designated as the capital by these families.

Social and Intercultural Relations in Nineteenth-Century Zanzibar: Dressed Identity

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Vander biesen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Century Literature

Abstract Starting from the nineteenth century descriptive literatures on Zanzibar by authors such as Sir Richard Burton and Charles Guillain, and Salima bint Said-Ruete's autobiography, we can draw a rather detailed picture of the relationship between the different social layers, cultures and genders on Zanzibar. Describing and differentiating the complexity of Zanzibar society in the nineteenth century is the main aim of this paper. The focus is on clothing in order to sketch the social organization of the society and to highlight the cultural relations between the different groups in Zanzibar. The evidence obtained from the description of clothing is used as an eye-opener for the Zanzibar society and this evidence is supported by nineteenth century literature and photography on Zanzibar.

Tocqueville on Algeria

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Richter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville

On any list of the most penetrating and least deceived political theorists of the nineteenth century, Alexis de Tocqueville must be ranked high. Few others perceived the dangers both of egalitarianism and of racial thinking; of secular religions as well as of state churches; of historical determinism, as well as of those other explanations which equally well undermine responsibility by attributing everything to mere chance or to the appearance of exceptional individuals. Tocqueville insisted upon the obligation of free men to determine by empirical investigation just what are the genuine alternatives confronting them. By his own effort to perform this task, he made a classic contribution to the study of the relationships between social organization and political institutions.

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