scholarly journals The Introduction of Voter Registration and Its Effect on Turnout

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ansolabehere ◽  
David M. Konisky
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Registration Laws ◽  
Panel Estimates

Studies of voter turnout across states find that those with more facilitative registration laws have higher turnout rates. Eliminating registration barriers altogether is estimated to raise voter participation rates by up to 10%. This article presents panel estimates of the effects of introducing registration that exploits changes in registration laws and turnout within states. New York and Ohio imposed registration requirements on all of their counties in 1965 and 1977, respectively. We find that the introduction of registration to counties that did not previously require registration decreased participation over the long term by three to five percentage points. Though significant, this is lower than estimates of the effects of registration from cross-sectional studies and suggests that expectations about the effects of registration reforms on turnout may be overstated.

The Effect of Registration Laws on Voter Turnout

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Rosenstone ◽  
Raymond E. Wolfinger
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Registration Laws ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The Impact

After the drastic relaxation of voter registration requirements in the 1960s, do present state laws keep people away from the polls? More specifically, which provisions have how much effect on what kinds of people? We have answered these questions with data from the Current Population Survey conducted by the Census Bureau in November 1972.State registration laws reduced turnout in the 1972 presidential election by about nine percentage points. The impact of the laws was heaviest in the South and on less educated people of both races. Early deadlines for registration and limited registration office hours were the biggest impediments to turnout.Contrary to expectations, changing these requirements would not substantially alter the character of the electorate. The voting population would be faintly less affluent and educated; the biggest difference would be a matter of one or two percentage points. In strictly political terms, the change would be even fainter–a gain for the Democrats of less than half a percent.

scholarly journals Availability and Utilization of Automated External Defibrillators in New York State Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milla Arabadjian ◽  
Stephanie Serrato ◽  
Mark V. Sherrid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
York State

Background: Use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) improve survival. Professional health organizations recommend that AEDs be available in crowded places, including schools but currently only 18 US states require them. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) research in the school-age population has largely focused on school sub-groups, leaving out the majority of US students and adults working in schools. New York State (NYS) has one of the largest student populations in the US. Our objective was to gain epidemiologic data on SCA across a variety of school levels and examine the availability and utilization of AEDs in a state that requires them.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study utilizing an electronic survey. We included NYS school nurses and collected electronic surveys in January-March, 2018. We analyzed demographic data of school characteristics, SCA occurrences and AED use and availability.Results: Of 876 respondents (36.1% response rate), 71 (8.2%) reported SCAs, with 41 occurring in adults. AEDs were deployed in 59 of 71 (84.3%) events, 40 individuals had long-term survival. Most SCAs occurred in middle-schools. School size or number of AEDs/school had no bearing on short-term or long-term survival. AEDs were widely available in private schools, though this was not required by state law.Conclusions: Our data suggest a need for more comprehensive examination of SCA in US schools. Research comparing the availability and utilization of school AEDs between states that do and do not require them is needed and may have important clinical and policy implications for SCA emergency preparedness in US schools.

scholarly journals Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women at Elmhurst Hospital Center, Queens, New York

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0238409
Author(s):  
Sheela Maru ◽  
Uday Patil ◽  
Rachel Carroll-Bennett ◽  
Aaron Baum ◽  
Tracy Bohn-Hemmerdinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Safety Net Hospital

Background Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection on Labor and Delivery (L&D) units is a critical strategy to manage patient and health worker safety, especially in a vulnerable high-prevalence community. We describe the results of a SARS-CoV-2 universal screening program at the L&D Unit at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens, NY, a 545-bed public hospital serving a diverse, largely immigrant and low-income patient population and an epicenter of the global pandemic. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. All pregnant women admitted to the L&D Unit of Elmhurst Hospital from March 29, 2020 to April 22, 2020 were included for analysis. The primary outcomes of the study were: (1) SARS-CoV-2 positivity among universally screened pregnant women, stratified by demographic characteristics, maternal comorbidities, and delivery outcomes; and (2) Symptomatic or asymptomatic presentation at the time of testing among SARS-CoV-2 positive women. A total of 126 obstetric patients were screened for SARS-CoV-2 between March 29 and April 22. Of these, 37% were positive. Of the women who tested positive, 72% were asymptomatic at the time of testing. Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be of Hispanic ethnicity (unadjusted difference 24.4 percentage points, CI 7.9, 41.0) and report their primary language as Spanish (unadjusted difference 32.9 percentage points, CI 15.8, 49.9) than patients who tested negative. Conclusions In this retrospective cross-sectional study of data from a universal SARS-Cov-2 screening program implemented in the L&D unit of a safety-net hospital in Queens, New York, we found over one-third of pregnant women testing positive, the majority of those asymptomatic. The rationale for universal screening at the L&D Unit at Elmhurst Hospital was to ensure safety of patients and staff during an acute surge in SARS-Cov-2 infections through appropriate identification and isolation of pregnant women with positive test results. Women were roomed by their SARS-CoV-2 status given increasing space limitations. In addition, postpartum counseling was tailored to infection status. We quickly established discharge counseling and follow-up protocols tailored to their specific social needs. The experience at Elmhurst Hospital is instructive for other L&D units serving vulnerable populations and for pandemic preparedness.

Election Administration and the Pure Effect of Voter Registration on Turnout

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Burden ◽  
Jacob R. Neiheisel
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
Election Administration ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Local Election ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Negative Effect

Voter registration is thought to have a substantial negative effect on American voter turnout. The authors clarify this understanding in two ways. First, using a natural experiment in Wisconsin, they estimate the pure effect of registration, stripped of aspects such as the closing date. Registration lowers turnout by about 2 percentage points. Second, the authors argue that administrative capacities of local election officials are important moderators of how much registration affects turnout. Municipalities with less capacity are associated with bigger decreases in turnout. Researchers and policy makers should consider administrative capacity as a component in the equal application of voting laws.

Cross-sectional Survey of Long-Term Care Facilities in the Rockaway Peninsula: Preparedness and Response During Hurricane Sandy

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Lynn Jiang ◽  
Christopher Tedeschi ◽  
Saleena Subaiya
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have described the challenges experienced by long-term care facilities (LTCFs) following Hurricane Sandy. This study examined LTCF preparedness and experiences during and after the storm.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted 2 years after Hurricane Sandy to assess LTCF demographics, preparation, and post-storm resources. Surveys were conducted at LTCFs located on the Rockaway Peninsula of New York City. All LTCFs located in a heavily affected area were approached.ResultsOf 29 facilities, 1 had closed, 5 did not respond, 9 declined to participate, and 14 participated, yielding a response rate of 50% for open facilities. Twenty-one percent of the facilities had preparations specifically for hurricanes. More than 70% of the facilities had lost electricity, heat, and telephone service, and one-half had evacuated. Twenty-one percent of the facilities reported not receiving any assistance and over one-half reported that relief resources did not meet their needs.ConclusionsMany LTCFs lacked plans specific to such a large-scale event. Since nearly all of the LTCFs in the region were affected, preexisting transportation and housing plans may have been inadequate. Future preparation could include hazard-specific planning and reliance on resources from a wider geographic area. Access to electricity emerged as a top priority. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:194–200)

The Effects of Registration Laws on Voter Turnout

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Knee ◽  
Donald P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
Registration Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter uses new data and more up-to-date statistical models to reevaluate the effects of closing date and Election Day registration (EDR) on voter turnout. It discusses alternative modeling strategies of registration deadlines and takes a fresh look at the impact of closing dates and EDR during the period 1980–2006. In particular, the chapter explores the consequences of changing the analytic focus from cross-sectional comparisons of different states at a given point in time to cross-temporal comparisons of each state over time. In comparison to earlier studies, this chapter suggests that closing dates and Election Day registration have limited effects on turnout.

Medical orders for life-sustaining treatment: Is it time yet?

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Clarissa Araw ◽  
Anna Marissa Araw ◽  
Renee Pekmezaris ◽  
Christian N. Nouryan ◽  
Cristina Sison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Advance Directive ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment

AbstractObjective:As the aging population faces complex end-of-life issues, we studied the intervals between long-term care admission and advance directive completion, and between completion and death. We also sought to determine the interdisciplinary team's compliance with documented wishes.Method:A cross-sectional study of 182 long-term care residents in two facilities with and without completed medical orders for life-sustaining treatment (MOLST) in the New York Metropolitan area was conducted. Demographic variables included: gender, age, ethnicity, and diagnosis. Measures included: admission date, MOLST execution date, and date of death. Resident advance directive documentation was compared with clinical intervention at time of death, including intubation and mechanical ventilation.Results:Of the residents studied, 68.7% were female, 91% were Caucasian and 91.8% were ≥ 65 years of age (mean age: 83). The median time from admission to MOLST signing was 48 days. Median time from admission to MOLST signing for Caucasians was 21 days; for non-Caucasians was 229 days. Fifty-two percent of MOLST were signed by children, and 24% by residents. Of those with signed forms, 25% signed on day of admission, 37% signed within 7 days, and 47% signed within 21 days. Only 3% of residents died the day their MOLST was signed, whereas 12% died within a week, and 22% died within 30 days. Finally, among the 68 subjects who signed a MOLST and died, 87% had their wishes met.Significance of results:In this era of growing time constraints and increased regulations, medical directors of long-term care facilities and those team members caring for residents urgently need a clear and simple approach to the goals of care for their residents. The MOLST is an ideal tool in caring for older adults at the end of life, providing concrete guidance, not only with regard to do not resuscitate (DNR) and do not intubate (DNI) orders, but also for practical approaches to daily care for the interdisciplinary team.

Driving Saints to Sin: How Increasing the Difficulty of Voting Dissuades Even the Most Motivated Voters

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. McNulty ◽  
Conor M. Dowling ◽  
Margaret H. Ariotti
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
New York State ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Political Methodology ◽  
York State ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Naturalistic Setting

The consolidation of polling places in the Vestal Central School District in New York State during the district's 2006 budget referendum provides a naturalistic setting to study the effects of polling consolidation on voter turnout on an electorate quite distinct from previous work by Brady and McNulty (2004, The costs of voting: Evidence from a natural experiment. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Political Methodology, Palo Alto, CA). In particular, voters in local elections are highly motivated and therefore might be thought to be less affected by poll consolidation. Nevertheless, through a matching analysis we find that polling consolidation decreases voter turnout substantially, by about seven percentage points, even among this electorate, suggesting that even habitual voters can be dissuaded from going to the polls. This finding has implications for how election administrators ought to handle cost-cutting measures like consolidation.

scholarly journals Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women at Elmhurst Hospital Center, Queens, New York

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheela Maru ◽  
Uday Patil ◽  
Rachel Carroll-Bennett ◽  
Aaron Baum ◽  
Tracy Bohn-Hemmerdinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Safety Net Hospital

Background Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection on Labor and Delivery (L&D) units is a critical strategy to manage patient and health worker safety, especially in a vulnerable high-prevalence community. We describe the results of a SARS-CoV-2 universal screening program at the L&D Unit at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens, NY, a 545-bed public hospital serving a diverse, largely immigrant and low-income patient population and an epicenter of the global pandemic. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. All pregnant women admitted to the L&D Unit of Elmhurst Hospital from March 29, 2020 to April 22, 2020 were included for analysis. The primary outcomes of the study were: (1) SARS-CoV-2 positivity among universally screened pregnant women, stratified by demographic characteristics, maternal comorbidities, and delivery outcomes; and (2) Symptomatic or asymptomatic presentation at the time of testing among SARS-CoV-2 positive women. A total of 126 obstetric patients were screened for SARS-CoV-2 between March 29 and April 22. Of these, 37% were positive. Of the women who tested positive, 72% were asymptomatic at the time of testing. Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be of Hispanic ethnicity (unadjusted difference 24.4 percentage points, CI 7.9, 41.0) and report their primary language as Spanish (unadjusted difference 32.9 percentage points, CI 15.8, 49.9) than patients who tested negative. Conclusions In this retrospective cross-sectional study of data from a universal SARS-Cov-2 screening program implemented in the L&D unit of a safety-net hospital in Queens, New York, we found over one-third of pregnant women testing positive, the majority of those asymptomatic. The rationale for universal screening at the L&D Unit at Elmhurst Hospital was to ensure safety of patients and staff during an acute surge in SARS-Cov-2 infections through appropriate identification and isolation of pregnant women with positive test results. Women were roomed by their SARS-CoV-2 status given increasing space limitations. In addition, postpartum counseling was tailored to infection status. We quickly established discharge counseling and follow-up protocols tailored to their specific social needs. The experience at Elmhurst Hospital is instructive for other L&D units serving vulnerable populations and for pandemic preparedness.

scholarly journals Early Voting Laws, Voter Turnout, and Partisan Vote Composition: Evidence from Ohio

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Kaplan ◽  
Haishan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Early Voting ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Positive Impacts ◽  
Voting Laws

We estimate effects of early voting on voter turnout using a 2010 homogenization law from Ohio that forced some counties to expand and others to contract early voting. Using voter registration data, we compare individuals who live within the same 2 × 2 mile square block but in different counties. We find substantial positive impacts of early voting on turnout equal to 0.22 percentage points of additional turnout per additional early voting day. We also find greater impacts on women, Democrats, independents, and those of child-bearing and working age. We simulate impacts of national early day laws on recent election outcomes. (JEL D72, K16)

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