scholarly journals OsMYB80 Regulates Anther Development and Pollen Fertility by Targeting Multiple Biological Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 988-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Pan ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Zhenyi Chang ◽  
Yingchao Xu ◽  
Ming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gel Shift Assay

Abstract Pollen development is critical to the reproductive success of flowering plants, but how it is regulated is not well understood. Here, we isolated two allelic male-sterile mutants of OsMYB80 and investigated how OsMYB80 regulates male fertility in rice. OsMYB80 was barely expressed in tissues other than anthers, where it initiated the expression during meiosis, reached the peak at the tetrad-releasing stage and then quickly declined afterward. The osmyb80 mutants exhibited premature tapetum cell death, lack of Ubisch bodies, no exine and microspore degeneration. To understand how OsMYB80 regulates anther development, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes differentially regulated by OsMYB80 in rice anthers. In addition, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis was performed to identify DNA fragments interacting with OsMYB80 in vitro. Overlap of the genes identified by RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed 188 genes that were differentially regulated by OsMYB80 and also carried an OsMYB80-interacting DNA element in the promoter. Ten of these promoter elements were randomly selected for gel shift assay and yeast one-hybrid assay, and all showed OsMYB80 binding. The 10 promoters also showed OsMYB80-dependent induction when co-expressed in rice protoplast. Functional annotation of the 188 genes suggested that OsMYB80 regulates male fertility by directly targeting multiple biological processes. The identification of these genes significantly enriched the gene networks governing anther development and provided much new information for the understanding of pollen development and male fertility.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Ye ◽  
Xuetong Yang ◽  
Zhiquan Yang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases with important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development via the degradation of pectin. The specific expression of PG genes in anthers may be significant for male sterility research and hybrid wheat breeding, but it has not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results: We systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. In total, 113 wheat PG genes were identified and renamed as TaPG01–113 based on their chromosomal positions. The PG genes are unequally distributed on 21 chromosomes and classified according to six categories from A–F. Analysis of the gene structures and conserved motifs demonstrated that the Class C and D TaPGs have relatively short gene sequences and a small number of introns. Class E TaPGs are the least conserved and lack conserved domain III. Polyploidy and segmental duplications in wheat were mainly responsible for the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. Predictions of cis-elements indicate that TaPGs have a wide range of functions, including the responses to light, hypothermia, anaerobic conditions, and hormonal stimulation, as well as being involved in meristematic tissue expression. RNA-seq showed that TaPGs have specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics. Twelve spike-specific TaPGs were screened using RNA-seq data and verified by qRT-PCR in the sterile and fertile anthers of thermo-sensitive male-sterile wheat. Four important candidate genes were identified as involved in the male fertility determination process. In fertile anthers, TaPG09 may be involved in the separation of pollen. TaPG87 and TaPG95 could play important roles in anther dehiscence. TaPG93 may be related to pollen development and pollen tube elongation. Conclusions: We analyzed the wheat PG gene family and identified four important TaPGs with differential expression levels in the wheat fertility conversion process. Our findings may facilitate functional investigations of the wheat PG gene family and provide new insights into the fertility conversion mechanism in male-sterile wheat.

scholarly journals βVPE is involved in tapetal degradation and pollen development by activating proprotease maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Cheng ◽  
Xiaorui Guo ◽  
Jiaxue Zhang ◽  
Yadi Liu ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Tapetal Cell ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Mature Protein ◽  
Processing Enzyme ◽  
Mature Enzyme ◽  
Mature Protease

Abstract Vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is responsible for the maturation and activation of vacuolar proteins in plants. We found that βVPE was involved in tapetal degradation and pollen development by transforming proproteases into mature protease in Arabidopsis thaliana. βVPE was expressed specifically in the tapetum from stages 5 to 8 of anther development. The βVPE protein first appeared as a proenzyme and was transformed into the mature enzyme before stages 7–8. The recombinant βVPE protein self-cleaved and transformed into a 27 kDa mature protein at pH 5.2. The mature βVPE protein could induce the maturation of CEP1 in vitro. βvpe mutants exhibited delayed vacuolar degradation and decreased pollen fertility. The maturation of CEP1, RD19A, and RD19C was seriously inhibited in βvpe mutants. Our results indicate that βVPE is a crucial processing enzyme that directly participates in the maturation of cysteine proteases before vacuolar degradation, and is indirectly involved in pollen development and tapetal cell degradation.

scholarly journals Identification of Ms2, a Novel Locus Controlling Male-fertility Restoration of Cytoplasmic Male-sterility in Onion (Allium Cepa L.), and Development of Tightly Linked Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nari Yu ◽  
Sunggil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Fertility Restoration

Abstract Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) has been exclusively used to produce F1 hybrid seeds of onion (Allium cepa L.). A single nuclear locus, Ms, is known to restore male-fertility of CMS in onions. Unstable male-sterile onions producing a small amount of pollen grains have been identified in a previous study. When such unstable male-sterile onions were crossed with stable male-sterile onions containing CMS-T cytoplasm, male-fertility was completely restored, although genotypes of the Ms locus were homozygous recessive. Inheritance patterns indicated that male-fertility restoration was controlled by a single locus designated as Ms2. A combined approach of bulked segregant analysis and RNA-seq was used to identify candidate genes for the Ms2 locus. High resolution melting (HRM) markers were developed based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected by RNA-Seq. Comparative mapping of the Ms2 locus showed that Ms2 was positioned at the end of chromosome 2 with a distance of approximately 70 cM away from the Ms locus. Although 38 contigs containing reliable SNPs were analyzed using recombinants selected from 1,344 individuals, no contig showed perfect linkage to Ms2. Interestingly, transcription levels of orf725, a CMS-associated gene in onions, were significantly reduced in male-fertile individuals of segregating populations. However, no significant change in its transcription level was observed in individuals of a segregating population with male-fertility phenotypes determined by the Ms locus, suggesting that male-fertility restoration mechanism of Ms2 might be different from that of the Ms locus.

scholarly journals PRX9 and PRX40 are extensin peroxidases essential for maintaining tapetum and microspore cell wall integrity during Arabidopsis anther development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Jacobowitz ◽  
Jing-Ke Weng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Tapetal Cell ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Encoding Genes

AbstractPollen and microspore development is an essential step in the life cycle of all land plants that generate male gametes. Within flowering plants, pollen development occurs inside of the anther. Here, we report the identification of two class III peroxidase-encoding genes, PRX9 and PRX40, that are genetically redundant and essential for proper anther and pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis double mutants devoid of functional PRX9 and PRX40 are male-sterile. The mutant anthers display swollen, hypertrophic tapetal cells and pollen grains, suggesting disrupted cell wall integrity. These phenotypes ultimately lead to nearly 100%-penetrant pollen degeneration upon anther maturation. Using immunochemical and biochemical approaches, we show that PRX9 and PRX40 are likely extensin peroxidases that contribute to the establishment of tapetal cell wall integrity during anther development. This work identifies PRX9 and PRX40 as the first extensin peroxidases to be described in Arabidopsis and highlights the importance of extensin cross-linking during plant development.

scholarly journals Rice LecRK5 phosphorylates a UGPase to regulate callose biosynthesis during pollen development

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (14) ◽  
pp. 4033-4041
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Ruiqiu Fang ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Jingluan Han ◽  
Faming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase

Abstract The temporary callose layer surrounding the tetrads of microspores is critical for male gametophyte development in flowering plants, as abnormal callose deposition can lead to microspore abortion. A sophisticated signaling network regulates callose biosynthesis but these pathways are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a rice male-sterile mutant, oslecrk5, which showed defective callose deposition during meiosis. OsLecRK5 encodes a plasma membrane-localized lectin receptor-like kinase, which can form a dimer with itself. Moreover, normal anther development requires the K-phosphorylation site (a conserved residue at the ATP-binding site) of OsLecRK5. In vitro assay showed that OsLecRK5 phosphorylates the callose synthesis enzyme UGP1, enhancing callose biosynthesis during anther development. Together, our results demonstrate that plasma membrane-localized OsLecRK5 phosphorylates UGP1 and promotes its activity in callose biosynthesis in rice. This is the first evidence that a receptor-like kinase positively regulates callose biosynthesis.

scholarly journals βVPE is involved in tapetal degradation and pollen development by activating proprotease maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Cheng ◽  
Bin Yin ◽  
Jiaxue Zhang ◽  
Yadi Liu ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Tapetal Cell ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Mature Protein ◽  
Processing Enzyme ◽  
Mature Enzyme ◽  
Mature Protease

Vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is responsible for the maturation and activation of vacuolar proteins in plants. We found that βVPE was involved in tapetal degradation and pollen development by transforming proproteases into mature protease in Arabidopsis thaliana. βVPE was expressed specifically in the tapetum from stages 5–8 of anther development. The βVPE protein first appeared as a proenzyme and transformed into the mature enzyme before stages 7–8. The recombinant βVPE protein self-cleaved and transformed to a 27-kD mature protein at pH 5.2. The mature βVPE protein could induce the maturation of CEP1 in vitro. βvpe mutants exhibited delayed vacuolar degradation and decreased pollen fertility. The maturation of CEP1, RD19A, and RD19C were seriously inhibited in βvpe mutants. Our results indicate that βVPE is a crucial processing enzyme that directly participates in the maturation of cysteine proteases before vacuolar degradation, and is indirectly involved in pollen development and tapetal cell degradation.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of anther development in natural populations indicate premature degradation of sporogenous tissue as a cause of male sterility in Gaultheria fragrantissima

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wympher Langstang ◽  
Eros Kharshiing ◽  
Nagulan Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Sporogenous Tissue

AbstractGaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (Ericaceae) is a gynodioecious species having both hermaphrodite and male sterile plants. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of the different stages of anther development in naturally occuring hermaphrodite and male sterile populations of G. fragrantissima found in Meghalaya, India. While hermaphrodite flowers had well developed anther lobes, the male sterile flowers formed a white unorganized mass of tissues with a tuft of hairy outgrowth at the tip of the stamens. Histological analyses of progressive anther development in both the lines indicate an abnormal development of the sporogenous tissue in the developing anthers in the male steril line. While anther development in the hermaphrodite line was of the dicotyledonous type, the anthers of male sterile line showed progressive degradation of the sporogenous tissues and wall layers. Pollen development was also disrupted in male sterile line resulting in distorted pollen due to the irregular projection of exine wall. Our results suggest that premature degradation of the sporogenous tissues during anther development determines male sterility in G. fragrantissima.

scholarly journals Identification of fertility-related genes for maize CMS-S via Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10015
Author(s):  
Xiner Qin ◽  
Wenliang Zhang ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
Shike Tian ◽  
Panpan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Production ◽  
Two Populations

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is extensively used in maize hybrid production, and identification of genes related to fertility restoration for CMS is important for hybrid breeding. The fertility restoration of S type CMS is governed by several loci with major and minor effects, while the mechanism of fertility restoration for CMS-S is still unknown. In this study, BSR-Seq was conducted with two backcrossing populations with the fertility restoration genes, Rf3 and Rf10, respectively. Genetic mapping via BSR-Seq verified the positions of the two loci. A total of 353 and 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the male fertility and male sterile pools were identified in the populations with Rf3 and Rf10, respectively. In total, 265 DEGs were co-expressed in the two populations, which were up-regulated in the fertile plants, and they might be related to male fertility involving in anther or pollen development. Moreover, 35 and seven DEGs were specifically up-regulated in the fertile plants of the population with Rf3 and Rf10, respectively. Function analysis of these DEGs revealed that jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathway might be involved in the Rf3 mediated fertility restoration for CMS-S, while the small ubiquitin-related modifier system could play a role in the fertility restoration of Rf10.

scholarly journals Variability in expression of male fertility in triticale (Xtriticosecale wittmack) with Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Góral ◽  
Mirosław Tyrka ◽  
Stefan Stojałowski ◽  
Maria Wędzony
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Triticum Timopheevi ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Fertility

Variability in expression of male fertility in triticale (Xtriticosecalewittmack) withTriticum timopheevicytoplasmWe present a reliable, visual method for evaluation of the level of male fertility during flowering, that is indispensable for breeding of hybrid cultivars of winter triticale based on the cms-T.timopheevisystem. Detailed observations of anther development were performed on 20 F2and BC1plants derived from crosses between male-sterile and fertility restoring lines. Variation of anther development within florets, spikelets, spikes, and among spikes of the same plant was examined. Hierarchic analysis showed significant role of these factors in determination of anther development, irrespective of the level of plant fertility. The sterilizing effect of cytoplasm was always better visible in the tip and base spikelets of the spike, in the third floret, and the anther adjacent to the floret axis. Our data indicate that during selection toward male-sterile plants at anthesis, at least 5 spikes should be evaluated. Special attention should be paid to the development of the anthers at the 2ndand 7thspikelet of the spike along with the variability in anther development within spikelet and floret. The anthers in the tip and base spikelets of the spike must be precisely evaluated during selection toward restorer lines.

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