scholarly journals Transition from Compression to Strike-slip Tectonics Revealed by Miocene–Pleistocene Volcanism West of the Karlıova Triple Junction (East Anatolia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2055-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Di Giuseppe ◽  
Samuele Agostini ◽  
Michele Lustrino ◽  
Özgür Karaoğlu ◽  
Mehmet Yilmaz Savaşçın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triple Junction ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Pleistocene Volcanism ◽  
East Anatolia

scholarly journals Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26367-26375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhua Shi ◽  
Paul Tapponnier ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Shengji Wei ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Slab Geometry ◽  
Kaikoura Earthquake

The 2016, moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8, Kaikoura earthquake generated the most complex surface ruptures ever observed. Although likely linked with kinematic changes in central New Zealand, the driving mechanisms of such complexity remain unclear. Here, we propose an interpretation accounting for the most puzzling aspects of the 2016 rupture. We examine the partitioning of plate motion and coseismic slip during the 2016 event in and around Kaikoura and the large-scale fault kinematics, volcanism, seismicity, and slab geometry in the broader Tonga–Kermadec region. We find that the plate motion partitioning near Kaikoura is comparable to the coseismic partitioning between strike-slip motion on the Kekerengu fault and subperpendicular thrusting along the offshore West–Hikurangi megathrust. Together with measured slip rates and paleoseismological results along the Hope, Kekerengu, and Wairarapa faults, this observation suggests that the West–Hikurangi thrust and Kekerengu faults bound the southernmost tip of the Tonga–Kermadec sliver plate. The narrow region, around Kaikoura, where the 3 fastest-slipping faults of New Zealand meet, thus hosts a fault–fault–trench (FFT) triple junction, which accounts for the particularly convoluted 2016 coseismic deformation. That triple junction appears to have migrated southward since the birth of the sliver plate (around 5 to 7 million years ago). This likely drove southward stepping of strike-slip shear within the Marlborough fault system and propagation of volcanism in the North Island. Hence, on a multimillennial time scale, the apparently distributed faulting across southern New Zealand may reflect classic plate-tectonic triple-junction migration rather than diffuse deformation of the continental lithosphere.

The southern Mexico block: main boundaries and new estimation for its Quaternary motion

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Andreani ◽  
Xavier Le Pichon ◽  
Claude Rangin ◽  
Juventino Martínez-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
North American Plate ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Lateral Strike Slip ◽  
Counterclockwise Rotation ◽  
The North ◽  
Slip Partitioning

Abstract Numerous studies, mainly based on structural and paleomagnetic data, consider southern Mexico as a crustal block (southern Mexico block, SMB) uncoupled from the North American plate with a southeast motion with respect to North America, accommodated by extension through the central Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). On the other hand, the accommodation of this motion on the southeastward boundary, especially at the Cocos–Caribbean–North American triple junction, is still debated. The boundary between the SMB and the North American plate is constituted by three connected zones of deformation: (1) left-lateral transtension across the central TMVB, (2) left-lateral strike-slip faulting along the eastern TMVB and Veracruz area and (3) reverse and left-lateral strike-slip faulting in the Chiapas area. We show that these three active deformation zones accommodate a counterclockwise rotation of the SMB with respect to the North American plate. We specially discuss the Quaternary motion of the SMB with respect to the surrounding plates near the Cocos–Caribbean–North American triple junction. The model we propose predicts a Quaternary counterclockwise rotation of 0.45°/Ma with a pole located at 24.2°N and 91.8°W. Finally we discuss the geodynamic implications of this counterclockwise rotation. The southern Mexico block motion is generally assumed to be the result of slip partitioning at the trench. However the obliquity of the subduction is too small to explain slip partitioning. The motion could be facilitated by the high thermal gradient and gravitational collapse that affects central Mexico and/or by partial coupling with the eastward motion of the Caribbean plate.

Caledonian and related events in Scotland

2000 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 375-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bluck
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Slip Regime ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic

ABSTRACTThe Scottish Caledonides, sited near the triple-junction between Laurentia, Amazonia and Baltica, is divided into at least five discrete blocks, each with a history incompatible with that of the block now lying adjacent to it. With the exception of the Hebridian margin, with its extensional Torridonian basins and Cambrian passive margin sequence, all blocks have undergone terrane-scale movements. The Moine, Central Highland Division and the bulk (if not all) of the Grampian Group have shared a common regional metamorphism, involving thickening and uplift, atc. 800 Ma andc. 450–480 Ma. This is incompatible with their being in the extensional regime that appears to characterise much of Neoproterozoic Laurentia. They, along with the polymetamorphic Dalradian block, now replace a region of passive margin and an unknown width of attendant Iapetus oceanic crust. These metamorphic blocks are grossly out-of-place.The Midland Valley is a severely contracted block of ancient crust, once fringed by extensive oceanic basins to the N and S. An Ordovician–Devonian arc was founded on this older craton, and supplied sediment to basins on either side of it. This arc, during its Lower Palaeozoic life, matured, finally to yield relatively quartz-rich sediment, but was re-activated during the Devonian. An arc, similar to that of the Midland Valley, also supplied sediment to the Southern Uplands. Metamorphic debris in the Southern Uplands had a provenance in either this arc-basement or in a basement somewhere along the orogen. No metamorphic detritus in the Highland Border Complex has yet been demonstrated to have a Dalradian source.Much of Scotland was assembled in a strike-slip regime. Evidence for strike-slip tectonics can be seen from the Late Proterozoic through to the Devonian. In periods of transtension, basins opened to accumulate sediment; in periods of transpression, those sediments were compressed and uplifted to yield sediments to successor basins. In the Neoproterozoic, during the phase of transpression, the basins were buried and metamorphosed, but during the Palaeozoic the basins were at a much higher level and escaped metamorphism.A substantial volume of the Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic sediment that accumulated in Scotland was derived from two orogens, both of which were sited some distance away. During the Neoproterozoic, the Grenville orogen was the main source, and in later (Devonian) time sediment accumulated in Scotland from the major, Late Palaeozoic continent–continent collision of Greenland–Scandinavia. These two external sources were augmented by a substantial contribution of sediment supplied from the Midland Valley arc or its lateral equivalent and by mild uplifts within the Scottish basements.

scholarly journals The boundary between the eastern and western domains of the Pyrenean Orogen: a Cenozoic triple junction zone in Iberia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-564
Author(s):  
S. Tavani
Keyword(s):  
Triple Junction ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Internal Boundary ◽  
Junction Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Total N ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Iberian Chain

Abstract. The Cantabrian Transitional Area (CTA) is located in the eastern portion of the Cantabrian Mountain Range of the northern Spain. It represents the most important internal boundary within the Upper Cretaceous to Cenozoic E–W elongated Pyrenean Orogen. In the south-verging portion of this orogen, the CTA divides the western thick-skinned Cantabrian Domain, which accommodated for a limited portion of the total N–S oriented orogenic shortening, from the Pyrenean realm to the east, where the south-verging frontal structures are characterised by a marked thiN–Skin style of deformation, and significantly contributed to accommodate the total shortening. In the Cantabrian Transitional Area, Cenozoic syn-orogenic left-lateral, right-lateral and reverse dip-slip movements have occurred along different directions, postdating early-orogenic extensional structures. The latter indicate that the southern portion of the study area formed the eastern termination of the northward concave roughly E–W oriented proto Duero Foreland Basin. This basin was flanked to the north by the thick-skinned proto Cantabrian Belt, which included in its easternmost part the northern portion of the Cantabrian Transitional Area. Onset of right-lateral strike-slip tectonics along the WNW-ESE striking Ubiernal-Venatniella Fault System, which locates to the SW of the CTA and crosses the entire Cantabrian Belt and its formerly southern foreland basin, caused the dislocation of the belt-foredeep system. Contextually, thiN–Skinned structures belonging to the eastern domain of the Pyrenean Orogen laterally propagated and incorporated the eastern part of the proto Duero Foreland Basin. Coexistence of right-lateral and reverse movements to the west and to the east, respectively, determined the onset of an intrabelt compression at the boundary between the Cantabrian and Pyrenean domains, which was the ultimate act of the fusion of the two domains into a single orogen. Paradoxically, this fusion has basically occurred due to the penetration of the NW-SE-striking intraplate right-lateral transpressive system of the Iberian Chain into the Cantabrian Domain of the Pyrenean Orogen. Cenozoic right-lateral reactivation of the Ubierna Fault System, in fact, is part of a NW-SE striking intraplate strike-slip transpressive system, which to the south-east includes the Iberian Chain until the Mediterranean Sea and that, in the western termination of the Ubierna Fault System, branches off into three main splay faults, which are the Ventaniella and Leon faults, and the Duero frontal thrust. Taking into account the role of this Cenozoic transpressive system allows to drastically reduce the gap between plate kinematic reconstructions and geological evidences. This implies that, despite the limited amount of displacement, the Iberian Chain and the Ubierna-Ventaniella systems must be elevated to the rank of microplate boundary, which divided two sectors of the Iberian Plate. Accordingly, the intersection between this system and the Pyrenean Orogen, which occurs in the CTA, must be regarded as a triple junction zone.

Failure Analysis Of Buried Gas Pipelines Crossing Seismic Faults

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-790
Author(s):  
M. Rizwan Akram ◽  
Ali Yesilyurt ◽  
A.Can. Zulfikar ◽  
F. Göktepe
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Seismic Fault ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Permanent Ground Deformation ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Research on buried gas pipelines (BGPs) has taken an important consideration due to their failures in recent earthquakes. In permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazards, seismic faults are considered as one of the major causes of BGPs failure due to accumulation of impermissible tensile strains. In current research, four steel pipes such as X-42, X-52, X-60, and X-70 grades crossing through strike-slip, normal and reverse seismic faults have been investigated. Firstly, failure of BGPs due to change in soil-pipe parameters have been analyzed. Later, effects of seismic fault parameters such as change in dip angle and angle between pipe and fault plane are evaluated. Additionally, effects due to changing pipe class levels are also examined. The results of current study reveal that BGPs can resist until earthquake moment magnitude of 7.0 but fails above this limit under the assumed geotechnical properties of current study. In addition, strike-slip fault can trigger early damage in BGPs than normal and reverse faults. In the last stage, an early warning system is proposed based on the current procedure. 

32.3 percent efficient triple junction GaInP2/GaAs/Ge concentrator solar cells

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lillington ◽  
H. Cotal ◽  
J. Ermer ◽  
D. Friedman ◽  
T. Moriarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Triple Junction

STUDY OF THE GRAIN BOUNDARY MIGRATION IN A TRICRISTAL PURE ICE WITH BUBBLES

Anales AFA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
P.I. Achával ◽  
C. L. Di Prinzio
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration

In this paper the migration of a grain triple junction in apure ice sample with bubbles at -5°C was studied for almost 3hs. This allowed tracking the progress of the Grain Boundary (BG) and its interaction with the bubbles. The evolution of the grain triple junction was recorded from successive photographs obtained witha LEICA® optical microscope. Simultaneously, numerical simulations were carried out using Monte Carlo to obtain some physical parameters characteristic of the BG migration on ice.

Zircon geochronology and paleomagnetism of an Archean harzburgite intrusion, eastern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wallenberg ◽  
Michelle Dafov ◽  
David Malone ◽  
John Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Zircon Geochronology ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mafic Complex ◽  
Laramide Orogeny ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
Bighorn Mountains

A harzburgite intrusion, which is part of the trailside mafic complex) intrudes ~2900-2950 Ma gneisses in the hanging wall of the Laramide Bighorn uplift west of Buffalo, Wyoming. The harzburgite is composed of pristine orthopyroxene (bronzite), clinopyroxene, serpentine after olivine and accessory magnetite-serpentinite seams, and strike-slip striated shear zones. The harzburgite is crosscut by a hydrothermally altered wehrlite dike (N20°E, 90°, 1 meter wide) with no zircons recovered. Zircons from the harzburgite reveal two ages: 1) a younger set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2908±6 Ma and a weighted mean age of 2909.5±6.1 Ma; and 2) an older set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2934.1±8.9 Ma and a weighted mean age 2940.5±5.8 Ma. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was used as a proxy for magmatic intrusion and the harzburgite preserves a sub-horizontal Kmax fabric (n=18) suggesting lateral intrusion. Alternating Field (AF) demagnetization for the harzburgite yielded a paleopole of 177.7 longitude, -14.4 latitude. The AF paleopole for the wehrlite dike has a vertical (90°) inclination suggesting intrusion at high latitude. The wehrlite dike preserves a Kmax fabric (n=19) that plots along the great circle of the dike and is difficult to interpret. The harzburgite has a two-component magnetization preserved that indicates a younger Cretaceous chemical overprint that may indicate a 90° clockwise vertical axis rotation of the Clear Creek thrust hanging wall, a range-bounding east-directed thrust fault that accommodated uplift of Bighorn Mountains during the Eocene Laramide Orogeny.

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