scholarly journals Coverage Bias in Traditional Telephone Surveys of Low-Income and Young Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Blumberg ◽  
J. V. Luke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Coverage Bias

scholarly journals Trauma, Sleep and Mental Health Problems in Low-Income Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Fusco ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Hyunji Lee ◽  
Christina E. Newhill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Low-income young adults are more likely to have exposure to trauma, which increases risk for mental health problems. Although adequate sleep promotes good health, people with histories of trauma are more likely to have sleep problems. The current study explored whether poor sleep mediated the relationship between trauma exposure and mental health. A sample of 143 low-income 18–24-year-old young adults completed depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure measures and wore sleep monitors for four nights. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine both direct and indirect effects of variables. Results showed that higher trauma exposure was associated with depression and anxiety. Mean sleep hours per night was fewer than six, far below recommended guidelines for optimal health and functioning. Fewer sleep hours partially mediated the relationship between both trauma exposure and depression and anxiety, and the direct effect from trauma remained significant after adjusting for the partial mediation from sleep.

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Coping as Young Adults: The Roles of Attachment and Mattering

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095864
Author(s):  
Sarah Love ◽  
Sharon E. Robinson Kurpius
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Attachment To Mother

This study examined whether a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), attachment to mother, father, and friends, and mattering were related to the coping behaviors of 171 male and 85 female, ethnically diverse, low-income, young adults. The 74 survivors of CSA reported lower attachment to father and less mattering to parents than did the 97 who reported no abuse. Compared to male survivors, female survivors reported greater use of problem-focused coping and also perceived their abuse experience, particularly the use of force, as having a more negative impact on them. Stronger attachment to mother and to friends predicted more positive problem-focused coping. Mattering to friends moderated the relation between CSA history and problem-focused coping, with the CSA survivors who reported the highest mattering to friends also using the most problem-focused coping strategies. The role of attachment and mattering in problem-focused coping among young adults, especially those with a CSA history, is discussed.

A Stage-Tailored Multi-Modal Intervention Increases Fruit and Vegetable Intakes of Low-Income Young Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Nitzke ◽  
Karen Kritsch ◽  
Linda Boeckner ◽  
Geoffrey Greene ◽  
Sharon Hoerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose. Assess effectiveness of an intervention to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in economically disadvantaged young adults. Design. Randomized treatment-control, pre-post design. Setting. Ten states. Subjects. Young adults (n = 2024, ages 18–24) were recruited from noncollege venues; 1255 (62%) completed assessment interviews at baseline and at 4 and 12 months. Intervention. Treatment participants received a series of mailed materials and two educational calls in 6 months. Controls received a mailed pamphlet. Measures. Assessment calls determined two measures of fruit and vegetable intakes, demographics and stage of change at baseline, 4 and 12 months, plus treatment participants' decisional balance, processes, and self-efficacy. Analysis. Repeated measure analysis of variance, intent-to-treat, χ2, and logistic regression. Results. At follow-up, participants in the experimental group had higher intakes of fruit and vegetables than controls (perceived daily intakes of 4.90 vs. 4.60 servings per day, F = 3.49, p < .05 and 4.31 vs. 3.92 servings/day via 5-A-Day Screener, F = 4.78, p < .01) and greater progression to action or maintenance stages (66% progress in fruit for intervention vs. 55% progress in fruit for controls; 47% vs. 32% progress for vegetables, p = .0080 and .0001, respectively). Lower education, non-White ethnicity, male gender, living with children, and experimental group assignment predicted attrition (X26df = 288, p < .001, Cox R2 = .132). Conclusions. Tailored educational messages and research-extension partnerships are advantageous for improving fruit and vegetable intakes of young adults.

Young Adult Social Networks and Labour Market Attachment: Interpersonal Dynamics that Shape Perspectives on Job Attainment

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. GRAHAM ◽  
MICHEAL L. SHIER ◽  
MARILYN EISENSTAT
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Upward Social Mobility

AbstractFollowing a qualitative study design with young adults (aged seventeen to twenty-nine) of a racialised minority status (n= 36) in a low-income community in Toronto, Canada, we found that social relationships and dynamics greatly influenced perspectives towards labour market success. Respondents identified that interpersonal relationships with employers, family members and neighbourhood/community members influenced their perseverance and motivation for upward social mobility through securing and maintaining employment. The findings highlight the fundamental relationship between perceptions of upward social mobility and individual social capital. In particular, the wide array of social networks that can influence the perspectives of racial minority young adults – both positively and negatively. The findings extend contemporary discussions about the relationship between social capital and career aspirations among racial minority young adults, to include a spectrum of interrelated social networks that collectively aid in improving personal development. While contemporary discussions focus on the utility of informal knowledge sharing about career development and post-secondary attainment, the findings here demonstrate the importance of policy and programme solutions that support the mobilisation of a wider array of embedded social resources, within the social networks of racial minority young adults, that help support positive perceptions towards upward social mobility.

scholarly journals Validity of telephone surveys in assessing cigarette smoking in young adults.

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R V Luepker ◽  
U E Pallonen ◽  
D M Murray ◽  
P L Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Telephone Surveys

Teaching STEM as a second language

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shartriya Collier ◽  
Betty Burston ◽  
Aarika Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
First Language ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Stem Achievement

Purpose A review of current initiatives to increase science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) achievement among American youth and young adults reveals the presence of “IQism”. That is, whether such interventions are directed toward low-income minorities and/or the disproportionate number of higher-income youth who have selected liberal arts majors over an STEM major, the country has reserved STEM as a field for “the best and the brightest”. Utilizing the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, this article argues that STEM content is accessible to all students including those whose first language is informal rather than formal English. Based upon these premises, this conceptual paper aims to introduce the framework of Teaching STEM as a Second Language as a strategy for elevating STEM achievement among students who would otherwise be excluded from the STEM movement. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilizes a review of both classic and current literature on second language acquisition to identify strategies that can be adopted by STEM instructors to increase STEM achievement among youth and young adults who are viewed as “average” and/or “below-average” academic performers. Findings Using quotes that confirm the thesis that STEM subject matter has been historically viewed as the domain of those whose cognitive skills place them among the “best and the brightest”, the second language acquisition (SLA) strategy of “scaffolding” is introduced as a pedagogy for producing “comprehensible output” when STEM content is taught to students whose first language is informal English. Constructivism, a concept currently used to guide the teaching of STEM contents is introduced as a framework that merges best practices in STEM and SLA. Using Cummins’ (1991) Common Underlying Proficiency Model, other strategies are also proposed for exporting SLA pedagogies and approaches to elevate equity in the quest to improve STEM achievement levels among youth and adults in the USA. Originality/value SLA theories and concepts have not been applied as a potential tool for teaching STEM. This is a unique and powerful lens that can be used to more effectively support the needs of underrepresented populations.

Smoking Attitudes and Practices among Low-Income African-Americans: Qualitative Assessment of Contributing Factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina M. Beech ◽  
Isabel C. Scarinci
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Smoking Attitudes ◽  
American Young Adults

Purpose. Studies have shown that African-American adolescents are less likely to smoke cigarettes than white youth. National data suggest that this pattern changes in late adolescence and early adulthood. Specifically, African-American adults have a relatively high smoking prevalence rate when compared with other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the sociocultural factors associated with smoking attitudes and practices among low-income African-American young adults. Design. Cross-sectional qualitative study. Settings. High schools, 2-year colleges, housing developments, and trade schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Memphis, Tennessee. Subjects. One hundred eighteen low-income African Americans between 18 and 35 years of age (65 men and 53 women). Measure/Procedure. Fourteen focus groups were conducted with the target population. Nonmonetary incentives were provided for each participant in the 1-hour sessions. The majority of focus group moderators were African-American females trained in focus group moderation. Participants were recruited through flyers and project liaisons at each field location. Results. Themes elicited from the focus groups were classified according to the PEN-3 model, and they included: lighting cigarettes for parents as a first experience with cigarettes, perceived stress relief benefits of smoking, use of cigarettes to extend the sensation of marijuana, and protective factors against smoking such as respect for parental rules. Conclusion. The results indicate that there are specific contextual and familial factors that can contribute to smoking initiation, maintenance, and cessation among low-income African-American young adults. Limitations of this study include the exploratory nature of focus groups and the relatively small sample size. Further studies are necessary to quantitatively examine the role of these factors on smoking patterns in this population.

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