Effect of Peer Promoters on Changes in Adolescent Smoking Knowledge and Attitudes: A School-based Intervention Study

Background: Smoking is currently a trend among youths, with the public emergence of new smokers shifting to this group. Aim:This study aims at analyzing the effect of peer promoters as communicators on the knowledge and smoking attitudes of junior high school adolescents. Methods:The quasi-experimental and non-equivalent control group designs were used. Furthermore, the respondents included 1062 students from two junior high schools in Makassar City, Indonesia, with 473 and 589 males and females, respectively. A total of 801 respondents had paired data (pre and post-test) consisting of 334 in the intervention and 467 in the control school.Paired t-test was used to measure the difference in the pretest and post-test scores of intervention and control schools. Independent t-test was used to determine mean difference between the pretest and post-test scores between intervention and the control schools. Results:The results showed that 18.4% (n = 1062) had smoked, with subtleties of 39.4% male and 1.5% female understudies. the knowledge score increase of 0.82 (p = 0.000) and 0.22 (p = 0.004) was observed in the intervention and control schools, respectively (n = 801). The attitude score also increased by 2.23 (p = 0.080) in the intervention and 2.51 (p = 0.000) in the control school (n = 801). Differences in the knowledge and attitude scores between both schools obtained a value of p = 0.004 and 0.766, respectively. Conclusion: education by peer promoters increase knowledge and change adolescent smoking attitudes indicated the promotion of school-based smoking behavior prevention efforts with intensive peer approach

Tobacco Related Attitudes and Behaviours in Relation to Exposure to the Tackling Indigenous Smoking Program: Evidence from the Mayi Kuwayu Study

Smoking is the leading contributor to the burden of disease and mortality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, with an estimated 37% of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths attributed to smoking. The Tackling Indigenous Smoking (TIS) program was implemented to support people to quit smoking, prevent initiation, and reduce exposure to second-hand smoke. Analysis of baseline (2018–2020) data from a large-scale cohort study was conducted to quantify smoking-related attitudes and behaviours among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, overall and in relation to exposure to the TIS program. Most results were similar for TIS and non-TIS, but there was a significantly lower prevalence of smoking inside households (PR0.95; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.97), smoking ≥21 cigarettes per day (PR0.79; 95% CI: 0.62, <1.00), and smoking a first cigarette within 5 min of waking (PR0.87; 95% CI: 0.76, <1.00) in TIS-funded compared to non-TIS-funded areas. Findings from the analysis highlight encouraging anti-smoking attitudes and behaviours across TIS-funded and non-TIS-funded areas, and serve as a basis for future analysis of change in outcomes over time associated with exposure to a large multi-mode population health program (TIS).

PENGARUH INTERVENSI MEDIA SOSIAL (WHATSAPP) DENGAN FLYER TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MEROKOK REMAJA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA TOMADO KECAMATAN LINDU

Adolescent smoking behavior is a behavior that endangers health, but there are still many teenagers who become smokers who started when they were teenagers or at the age of 11 years, especially teenage boys who often did this action. The use of appropriate media can affect the knowledge of respondents. In general, this study aims to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on changes in adolescent smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tomado Village, Lindu District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. And specifically, the research objective was to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on smoking knowledge, smoking frequency, changes in smoking attitudes, and adolescent motivation to quit smoking. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest two group design. The research sample used purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 40 people. The instrument of this research used questionnaires, observation sheets, pretest and posttest questionnaires, and media flyers. Analysis of research data using a comparative test, namely Paired sample t-test, and Independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in respondents' knowledge about the dangers of smoking in the intervention group, while in the control group it was found that there was no significant difference in respondents' knowledge; there was a significant difference in the frequency of adolescent smoking in the intervention group and the control group; there is a significant difference in adolescent smoking attitudes in the intervention group and the control group; there was a significant difference in motivation to quit smoking in the intervention group and the control group.

The Attitude of Muhammadiyah Smokers Towards Smoking Illicit (Haram) Fatwas

This study aims to understand the dynamics of smoking attitudes and behavior in Muhammadiyah residents. This research uses qualitative research methods by using case studies. The three informans are the management of the Regional Leader Major Islamic non Govermental Organization in Indonesia (Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah - PDM) of the Banyumas region and the Muhammadiyah Tobacco Control Center (MTCC) of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, where three participants are smokers of Muhammadiyah residents. The study found four factors that caused Muhammadiyah residents to smoke after the issuance of the prohibited fatwa on smoking, namely the meaning of the fatwa that was still being prepared, subjective, faith that was still weak, and fatwa added more in accordance with medical assistance.

SIKAP DAN NIAT BERPENGARUH SECARA LANGSUNG MAUPUN TIDAK LANGSUNG TERHADAP PERILAKU TIDAK MEROKOK REMAJA DI YOGYAKARTA

Positive intentions and attitudes to not smoking are strong predictors of adolescent non-smoking behavior in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes and intentions of adolescents to behave non-smoking in Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. Data in the form of questionnaires distributed to 400 adolescents who study in junior high school and senior high school in Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. the data is then analyzed using path analysis using the stata 13 program. The results there is a direct influence on the intention of adolescents not to smoke towards non-smoking behavior of adolescents in the Kulon Progo Regency of Yogyakarta (b = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.49; p <0.001).There is a direct influence on the attitude of adolescents not to smoke towards non-smoking behavior of adolescents in the Kulon Progo Regency of Yogyakarta (b = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.69; p <0.001). the conclusion there is a direct influence of smoking attitudes and intentions on adolescent non-smoking behavior. There is an indirect influence of attitudes through the intention to adolescent non-smoking behavior in Kulon Progo Yogyakarta.

The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study

Background Tobacco displays at point of sale have been shown to increase young people’s pro-smoking attitudes, susceptibility to smoking and smoking initiation. In Scotland, legislation that prohibited tobacco point-of-sale displays was implemented in large stores (i.e. those > 280 m2) in April 2013 and in small retailers in April 2015. Objective To assess the impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people’s exposure to tobacco advertising, their attitudes to smoking and smoking susceptibility, and their risk of smoking initiation. Design Multimodal before-and-after study design using mixed methods to collect data at baseline (2013) and then longitudinally for 4 years. Setting Four main study communities in the central belt of mainland Scotland, UK, purposively selected to reflect two levels of urbanity (urban vs. small town) and two levels of deprivation (high vs. medium/low). Four matched communities. Participants In the main study communities, 94 tobacco retail outlets. All Secondary 2 (aged 13 years) and Secondary 4 (aged 15 years) pupils in 2013 and 2014 together with all Secondary 1 to Secondary 6 (aged 12–17 years) pupils in 2015–17. This included 6612 pupils who completed 14,344 questionnaires over 5 years. Three hundred and eighty-two participants in 80 focus groups who were recruited from Secondary 2 and Secondary 4 in 2013–17. In matched communities, 24 retail panel members in 2013–17. Main outcome measures Tobacco product and tobacco storage visibility, density of retail outlets (the number of retailers in a pre-defined area such as a residential neighbourhood), tobacco product exposure, brand awareness, perceived accessibility of tobacco, pro-smoking attitudes, pro-smoking norms, smoking susceptibility and smoking initiation. Data platform and methods The study had four components – a mapping and spatial analysis of retail outlets; a tobacco marketing audit, including retail panel interviews in matched communities; school surveys; and focus group discussions with secondary school pupils. Limitations The study was based on a small number of communities and did not include communities in remote areas. Results Compliance with the point-of-sale legislation in Scotland was high. This led to a large reduction in the visibility of tobacco products in retail outlets. However, when the results were stratified by socioeconomic status, declines in retailer density, weighted by total product visibility, were restricted to the least disadvantaged tertile of participants. Nevertheless, the implementation of the legislation was associated with a reduction in risk of both smoking susceptibility and smoking initiation in young people, as well as a reduction in the perceived accessibility of tobacco and in pro-smoking attitudes after both the partial and the comprehensive bans were introduced. Conclusions The Scottish point-of-sale legislation has been successful in reducing the overall visibility of tobacco products and is associated with improvements in attitudinal and behavioural outcomes in young people. However, cues that tobacco is for sale are still highly visible, particularly in retail outlets in areas of deprivation. In addition, the increase in retailer density that was observed after 2015 increased inequalities in product visibility. There was also evidence that the emergence of e-cigarettes may have disrupted the full impact of the legislation. Future work Our research indicates that further research is needed to examine the longitudinal relationships between tobacco outlet availability and product visibility inequalities; and the impact of e-cigarettes and standardised packaging on smoking initiation and prevalence. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 1. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Adolescents’ perceptions of tobacco accessibility and smoking norms and attitudes in response to the tobacco point-of-sale display ban in Scotland: results from the DISPLAY Study

BackgroundScotland implemented a ban on open display of tobacco products in supermarkets in April 2013, and small shops in April 2015. This study aimed to quantify changes in perceived tobacco accessibility, smoking norms and smoking attitudes among adolescents in Scotland, following the implementation of partial and comprehensive point-of-sale (POS) tobacco display bans.MethodsFrom the Determining the Impact of Smoking Point of Sale Legislation Among Youth (DISPLAY) Study’s 2013–2017 annual surveys we retrieved data comprising 6202 observations on 4836 12–17-year-old adolescents from four schools. Applying generalised estimating equations, associations between time (postban: 2016–2017 vs preban:2013) and three outcomes were estimated. Outcomes were perceived commercial access to tobacco, perceived positive smoking norm (friends think it’s OK to smoke) and positive smoking attitude (you think it’s OK to smoke). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographics, smoking status, family smoking, friend smoking and e-cigarette use.ResultsCrude trends showed an increase over time in perceived accessibility, norms and attitudes. However, after adjustment for confounders, mainly e-cigarette use, we found significant declines in perceived access (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.90) and in positive smoking attitude (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.91), but no change in perceived positive smoking norm (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.29). Current/past occasional or regular e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of perceived access (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 2.32 to 4.21), positive norm (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 2.16 to 4.02) and positive attitude (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 2.35 to 4.87).ConclusionOnly when taking into account that the use of e-cigarettes increased in 2013–2017 did we find that the POS tobacco display ban in supermarkets and small shops in Scotland was followed by reductions in adolescents’ perceived accessibility of tobacco and positive attitudes towards smoking.