scholarly journals Measurements Used to Characterize the Foot and the Medial Longitudinal Arch: Reliability and Validity

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorsey S Williams ◽  
Irene S McClay
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background and Purpose. Abnormality in the structure of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is commonly thought to be a predisposing factor to injury. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the reliability and validity of several measurements used to characterize various aspects of the foot, including the medial longitudinal arch. Subjects. One hundred two feet (both feet of 51 subjects) were measured to establish a reference database. From this group, a subset of 20 feet (both feet of 10 subjects) was used to determine intertester and intratester reliability. Radiographs of a further subset of 10 feet (right feet of 10 subjects) were used to determine validity. Methods. Five foot measurements were taken in 2 stance conditions: 10% of weight bearing and 90% of weight bearing. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intertester and intratester measurements were between .480 and .995. The most reliable method of characterizing arch type in 10% of weight bearing between testers was dividing navicular height by foot length in 10% of weight bearing. However, this measure yielded highly unreliable measurements in 90% of weight bearing. The most valid measurements were navicular height divided by truncated foot length, navicular height divided by foot length in 10% of weight bearing, and navicular height divided by foot length in 90% of weight bearing. Dorsum height at 50% of foot length divided by truncated foot length showed relatively high intertester reliability (ICC=.811 in 10% of weight bearing, ICC=.848 in 90% of weight bearing) and validity (ICC=.844 in 10% of weight bearing, ICC=.851 in 90% of weight bearing). Conclusion and Discussion. These data suggest that, of the measures tested, the most reliable and valid method of clinically assessing arch height across 10% and 90% of weight bearing was dividing the dorsum height at 50% of foot length by truncated foot length.

scholarly journals Assessment of reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system of the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase-9

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Kim ◽  
Ja Young Oh ◽  
Seon Ha Bae ◽  
Seung Hyeun Lee ◽  
Won Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Difference

AbstractWe evaluated the reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system to interpret the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Six observers graded red bands of photographs of the readout window in MMP-9 immunoassay kit (InflammaDry) two times with 2-week interval based on the 5-scale grading system (i.e. grade 0–4). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. The interobserver agreements were analyzed according to the severity of tear MMP-9 expression. To validate the system, a concentration calibration curve was made using MMP-9 solutions with reference concentrations, then the distribution of MMP-9 concentrations was analyzed according to the 5-scale grading system. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability was excellent. The readout grades were significantly correlated with the quantified colorimetric densities. The interobserver variance of readout grades had no correlation with the severity of the measured densities. The band density continued to increase up to a maximal concentration (i.e. 5000 ng/mL) according to the calibration curve. The difference of grades reflected the change of MMP-9 concentrations sensitively, especially between grade 2 and 4. Together, our data indicate that the subjective 5-scale grading system in the point-of-care MMP-9 immunoassay is an easy and reliable method with acceptable accuracy.

Development and Initial Validation of a Project-Based Rubric to Assess the Systems-Based Practice Competency of Residents in the Clinical Chemistry Rotation of a Pathology Residency

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Vitek ◽  
Jane C. Dale ◽  
Henry A. Homburger ◽  
Sandra C. Bryant ◽  
Amy K. Saenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Project Evaluation ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills

Context.— Systems-based practice (SBP) is 1 of 6 core competencies required in all resident training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Reliable methods of assessing resident competency in SBP have not been described in the medical literature. Objective.— To develop and validate an analytic grading rubric to assess pathology residents' analyses of SBP problems in clinical chemistry. Design.— Residents were assigned an SBP project based upon unmet clinical needs in the clinical chemistry laboratories. Using an iterative method, we created an analytic grading rubric based on critical thinking principles. Four faculty raters used the SBP project evaluation rubric to independently grade 11 residents' projects during their clinical chemistry rotations. Interrater reliability and Cronbach α were calculated to determine the reliability and validity of the rubric. Project mean scores and range were also assessed to determine whether the rubric differentiated resident critical thinking skills related to the SBP projects. Results.— Overall project scores ranged from 6.56 to 16.50 out of a possible 20 points. Cronbach α ranged from 0.91 to 0.96, indicating that the 4 rubric categories were internally consistent without significant overlap. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.81, indicating moderate to strong interrater reliability. Conclusions.— We report development and statistical analysis of a novel SBP project evaluation rubric. The results indicate the rubric can be used to reliably assess pathology residents' critical thinking skills in SBP.

scholarly journals Using Smart Bracelets to Assess Heart Rate Among Students During Physical Education Lessons: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangang Sun ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Estimate Reliability ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND An increasing number of wrist-worn wearables are being examined in the context of health care. However, studies of their use during physical education (PE) lessons remain scarce. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine the reliability and validity of the Fizzo Smart Bracelet (Fizzo) in measuring heart rate (HR) in the laboratory and during PE lessons. METHODS In Study 1, 11 healthy subjects (median age 22.0 years, IQR 3.75 years) twice completed a test that involved running on a treadmill at 6 km/h for 12 minutes and 12 km/h for 5 minutes. During the test, participants wore two Fizzo devices, one each on their left and right wrists, to measure their HR. At the same time, the Polar Team2 Pro (Polar), which is worn on the chest, was used as the standard. In Study 2, we went to 10 schools and measured the HR of 24 students (median age 14.0 years, IQR 2.0 years) during PE lessons. During the PE lessons, each student wore a Polar device on their chest and a Fizzo on their right wrist to measure HR data. At the end of the PE lessons, the students and their teachers completed a questionnaire where they assessed the feasibility of Fizzo. The measurements taken by the left wrist Fizzo and the right wrist Fizzo were compared to estimate reliability, while the Fizzo measurements were compared to the Polar measurements to estimate validity. To measure reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), mean difference (MD), standard error of measurement (SEM), and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were used. To measure validity, ICC, limits of agreement (LOA), and MAPE were calculated and Bland-Altman plots were constructed. Percentage values were used to estimate the feasibility of Fizzo. RESULTS The Fizzo showed excellent reliability and validity in the laboratory and moderate validity in a PE lesson setting. In Study 1, reliability was excellent (ICC>0.97; MD<0.7; SEM<0.56; MAPE<1.45%). The validity as determined by comparing the left wrist Fizzo and right wrist Fizzo was excellent (ICC>0.98; MAPE<1.85%). Bland-Altman plots showed a strong correlation between left wrist Fizzo measurements (bias=0.48, LOA=–3.94 to 4.89 beats per minute) and right wrist Fizzo measurements (bias=0.56, LOA=–4.60 to 5.72 beats per minute). In Study 2, the validity of the Fizzo was lower compared to that found in Study 1 but still moderate (ICC>0.70; MAPE<9.0%). The Fizzo showed broader LOA in the Bland-Altman plots during the PE lessons (bias=–2.60, LOA=–38.89 to 33.69 beats per minute). Most participants considered the Fizzo very comfortable and easy to put on. All teachers thought the Fizzo was helpful. CONCLUSIONS When participants ran on a treadmill in the laboratory, both left and right wrist Fizzo measurements were accurate. The validity of the Fizzo was lower in PE lessons but still reached a moderate level. The Fizzo is feasible for use during PE lessons.

scholarly journals The QardioArm App in the Assessment of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Reliability and Validity Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Mazoteras Pardo ◽  
Marta E Losa Iglesias ◽  
José López Chicharro ◽  
Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
European Society ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Pressure Monitor ◽  
Mean Values

BACKGROUND Self-measurement of blood pressure is a priority strategy for managing blood pressure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of blood pressure and heart rate following the European Society of Hypertension’s international validation protocol, as measured with the QardioArm, a fully automatic, noninvasive wireless blood pressure monitor and mobile app. METHODS A total of 100 healthy volunteers older than 25 years from the general population of Ciudad Real, Spain, participated in a test-retest validation study with two measurement sessions separated by 5 to 7 days. In each measurement session, seven systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate assessments were taken, alternating between the two devices. The test device was the QardioArm and the previously validated criterion device was the Omron M3. Sessions took place at a single study site with an evaluation room that was maintained at an appropriate temperature and kept free from noises and distractions. RESULTS The QardioArm displayed very consistent readings both within and across sessions (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.80-0.95, standard errors of measurement=2.5-5.4). The QardioArm measurements corresponded closely to those from the criterion device (r>.96) and mean values for the two devices were nearly identical. The QardioArm easily passed all validation standards set by the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol. CONCLUSIONS The QardioArm mobile app has validity and it can be used free of major measurement error.

scholarly journals Dynamic Pedobarography Shows Pain Avoidance Gait of Symptomatic Severe Flatfoot Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0001
Author(s):  
Woo-Chun Lee ◽  
Chihoon Ahn ◽  
Ji-Beom Kim ◽  
Mu Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Head Elevation ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
The Mean

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: In the flatfoot patients, collapsed medial longitudinal arch during gait induced pain and it results decreased center of progression excursion index(CPEI) in dynamic pedobarography. Although the CPEI decreased is pathologic gait of flatfoot patients, range of the CPEIs is wide even in similar severity of flatfoot patients. We hypothesized that some flatfoot patients inverted forefoot or elevated first metatarsal head during gait for avoiding the pain from collapsed medial longitudinal arch, which resulted wide range of the CPEIs in flatfoot patients. The purposes of this study were to investigate the incidence of forefoot inversion and 1st metatarsal head elevation during gait in severe symptomatic flatfoot patients, and to confirm whether forefoot inversion and 1st metatarsal head elevation increases the CPEI, by using the dynamic pedobarography. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent surgery for flatfoot in our clinic from January, 2017 to May, 2017. Before surgery, all patients underwent plain weight-bearing radiographs and dynamic pedobarography by using in-shoe plantar pressure assessment system (Tekscan, Inc., South Boston, MA). Radiographic parameters, talonavicular coverage angle, Meary angle and moment arm, and the CPEI in dynamic pedobarogrpahy were measured. The forefoot inversion and the 1st metatarsal head elevation were defined when sum of 3rd-4th and 5th submetatarsal plantar pressure was higher than sum of 1st and 2nd submetatarsal plantar pressure, and when 2nd submetatarsal plantar pressure was higher than 1st submetatarsal plantar pressure, respectively. Correlations between the radiographic parameters and the CPEI were investigated. Incidence of the forefoot inversion and the 1st metatarsal head elevation was investigated. The CPEIs in flatfeet with forefoot inversion or 1st metatarsal head elevation were compared with those in flatfeet without these pain avoidance gait. Results: Twenty-eight flatfeet from 28 patients were included in the present study. The average age of patients was 42.3 years (range: 19-71). Means of the three radiographic parameters and the CPEI of the 28 flatfeet were listed at table.1. There was no significant correlation between the CPEI and the three radiographic parameters.(Table.2) The incidence of forefoot inversion and 1st metatarsal head elevation were 11%(3 feet), 54%(15 feet) respectively. The mean CPEI of the flatfeet with forefoot inversion or 1st metatarsal head elevation was 8(range: -10 – 18), and the mean CPEI of the flatfeet without these two compensations was 5 (range: -3 – 12). The CPEI in the flatfeet with the two compensations was significant larger than that of the flatfeet without the two compensations. (P=0.027) Conclusion: In the present study, forefoot inversion or 1st metatarsal head elevation were happened in 65% of symptomatic flatfoot patients. These two pain avoidance gait shifts weight-bearing load laterally, which decreases collapsing medial longitudinal arch and pain on the flatfoot. Because lateral shifting of weight-bearing load increases the CPEI, flatfoot patients with these two gaits showed high the CPEI. Therefore, the degree of the CPEIs are various even in similar severity of flatfoot and are not correlated with the severity of the flatfoot. Clinicians should consider these pain avoidance gait of flatfoot patients when they interpret a dynamic pedobarography of flatfoot.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Data for 2 Newly Developed Shuttle Run Tests in Children With Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Verschuren ◽  
Tim Takken ◽  
Marjolijn Ketelaar ◽  
Jan Willem Gorter ◽  
Paul JM Helders
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Level I ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Gmfcs Level

Abstract Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of data obtained with 2 newly developed shuttle run tests (SRT-I and SRT-II) to measure aerobic power in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were classified at level I or II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The SRT-I was developed for children at GMFCS level I, and the SRT-II was developed for children at GMFCS level II. Subjects. Twenty-five children and adolescents with CP (10 female, 15 male; mean age=11.9 years, SD=2.9), classified at GMFCS level I (n=14) or level II (n=11), participated in the study. Methods. To assess test-retest reliability of data for the 10-m shuttle run tests, the subjects performed the same test within 2 weeks. To examine validity, the shuttle run tests were compared with a GMFCS level–based treadmill test designed to measure peak oxygen uptake. Results. Statistical analyses revealed test-retest reliability for exercise time (number of levels completed) (intraclass correlation coefficients of .97 for the SRT-I and .99 for the SRT-II) and reliability for peak heart rate attained during the final level (intraclass correlation coefficients of .87 for the SRT-I and .94 for the SRT-II). High correlations were found for the relationship between data for both shuttle run tests and data for the treadmill test (r=.96 for both). Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that both 10-m shuttle run tests yield reliable and valid data. Moreover, the shuttle run tests have advantages over a treadmill test for children with CP who are able to walk and run (GMFCS level I or II). [Verschuren O, Takken T, Ketelaar M, et al. Reliability and validity of data for 2 newly developed shuttle run tests in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1107–1117.]

scholarly journals The Reliability and Validity of the Loadsol® under Various Walking and Running Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Renner ◽  
DS Williams ◽  
Robin Queen
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Force Data

The assessment of loading during walking and running has historically been limited to data collection in laboratory settings or with devices that require a computer connection. This study aims to determine if the loadsol®—a single sensor wireless insole—is a valid and reliable method of assessing force. Thirty (17 male and 13 female) recreationally active individuals were recruited for a two visit study where they walked (1.3 m/s) and ran (3.0 and 3.5 m/s) at a 0%, 10% incline, and 10% decline, with the visits approximately one week apart. Ground reaction force data was collected on an instrumented treadmill (1440 Hz) and with the loadsol® (100 Hz). Ten individuals completed the day 1 protocol with a newer 200 Hz loadsol®. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,k) were used to assess validity and reliability and Bland–Altman plots were generated to better understand loadsol® validity. Across conditions, the peak force ICCs ranged from 0.78 to 0.97, which increased to 0.84–0.99 with the 200 Hz insoles. Similarly, the loading rate ICCs improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.80–0.96 and impulse improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.90–0.97. The 200 Hz insoles may be needed for loading rate and impulse in running. For both walking and running, the loadsol® has excellent between-day reliability (>0.76).

An Anatomic Study of the Naviculocuneiform Ligament and Its Possible Role Maintaining the Medial Longitudinal Arch

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Swanton ◽  
Lauren Fisher ◽  
Andrew Fisher ◽  
Andrew Molloy ◽  
Lyndon Mason
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Tibialis Posterior Tendon ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Medial Cuneiform ◽  
Distal Aspect

Background: Weight-bearing radiographic analysis of pes planus deformities show, with varying degree of severity, a break in the Meary line. The break in the Meary line occurs not only at the talonavicular joint but also distal to the spring ligament and reported tibialis posterior insertion. Our aim in this study was to investigate the distal plantar ligaments of the medial longitudinal arch, to try to identify other areas where deformity correction could be affected. Methods: We examined 11 cadaveric lower limbs that had been preserved for dissection in a solution of formaldehyde. The lower limbs were carefully dissected to identify the plantar aspect of the medial longitudinal arch. Results: In all specimens, the tibialis posterior tendon inserted into the plantar medial aspect of the navicular with separate slips to the intermediate and lateral cuneiform. The navicular cuneiform ligament extended from the navicular to medial cuneiform. This structure was statically inserted between the navicular and medial cuneiform, which would allow the pull of the tibialis posterior to act on the navicular and medial cuneiform in tandem. The average width of the naviculocuneiform ligament was 15.2 mm (range 12.4-18.0) compared to 9.5 mm (range 7.6-11.4) for the tibialis posterior tendon. Conclusion: The tibialis posterior tendon inserted into the navicular and continued onto the medial cuneiform to provide a static restraint between 2 bony insertions, thus supporting the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch. Clinical Relevance: We are confident that it is a structure of importance in maintaining the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch and may therefore have significant clinical and surgical implications when treating the pes planus deformity.

scholarly journals Alberta Infant Motor Scale: Reliability and Validity When Used on Preterm Infants in Taiwan

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh-Fang Jeng ◽  
Kuo-Inn Tsou Yau ◽  
Li-Chiou Chen ◽  
Shu-Fang Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Abstract Background and Purpose. The goal of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of measurements obtained with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) for evaluation of preterm infants in Taiwan. Subjects. Two independent groups of preterm infants were used to investigate the reliability (n=45) and validity (n=41) for the AIMS. Methods. In the reliability study, the AIMS was administered to the infants by a physical therapist, and infant performance was videotaped. The performance was then rescored by the same therapist and by 2 other therapists to examine the intrarater and interrater reliability. In the validity study, the AIMS and the Bayley Motor Scale were administered to the infants at 6 and 12 months of age to examine criterion-related validity. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrarater and interrater reliability of measurements obtained with the AIMS were high (ICC=.97–.99). The AIMS scores correlated with the Bayley Motor Scale scores at 6 and 12 months (r=.78 and .90), although the AIMS scores at 6 months were only moderately predictive of the motor function at 12 months (r=.56). Conclusion and Discussion. The results suggest that measurements obtained with the AIMS have acceptable reliability and concurrent validity but limited predictive value for evaluating preterm Taiwanese infants.

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