scholarly journals Imported Malaria confirmed by immuno-assay

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Abdelgawad ◽  
E Y Abusarea ◽  
R M Shaapan ◽  
M A Ghieth
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Kappa Agreement

Abstract Background Malaria is the most clinically critical parasitic infection worldwide with undesirable morbidity and mortality. Aim of the Study This study detected the efficacy of rapid diagnostic test for detection of imported malaria among patients with history of fever and/or had travelled to malaria endemic region. Subjects and Methods Blood samples were collected through a year from 732 patients attending three medical laboratories at El Wasta city, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Malaria was tested using thin and thick Geimsa stained blood film and rapid diagnostic test (RDTs) for immunological detection of malaria antigen. Results Microscopy reveled malaria in 4 samples (0.5%) distributed as follow, P. vivax, P. falciparum, mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infection (0.5%, 0.25%, 0.25%, respectively). Antigen detection was positive in 7 cases (0.9%) with maximum sensitivity, satisfied specificity (100%, 98.5%, respectively) and substantial Kappa agreement (0.677). All positive samples for malaria by microscopy were confirmed by malaria antigen detection. All positive samples by microscopy and/or immune-assay were traveled to Sudan (71.4%) or Yemen (28.6%). Conclusion Sudan is considered a major focus for imported malaria in Egypt, much restriction rules are needed for travellers and immigrants. Antigen detection using RDTs is a satisfied confirmatory test for suspected cases with fever history.

Field Performance of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Serodiagnosis of Abdominal Cystic Echinococcosis in the Peruvian Highlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Manciulli ◽  
Raul Enríquez-Laurente ◽  
Francesca Tamarozzi ◽  
Rafaella Lissandrin ◽  
Maira Elizalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

We evaluated the performance of a commercial rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in a field setting for the diagnosis of abdominal cystic echinococcosis (CE) using sera collected during an ultrasound population screening in a highly endemic region of the Peruvian Andes. Abdominal CE was investigated by ultrasonography. Sera collected from individuals with abdominal CE (cases) and age- and gender-matched volunteers with no abdominal CE (controls) were tested independently in two laboratories (Peru and Italy) using the VIRapid® HYDATIDOSIS RDT and RIDASCREEN® Echinococcus IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Performance indexes of single and serially combined tests were calculated and applied to hypothetical screening and clinical scenarios. Test concordance was also evaluated. Prevalence of abdominal CE was 6.00% (33 of 546) by ultrasound. Serum was obtained from 33 cases and 81 controls. The VIRapid test showed similar sensitivity (76% versus 74%) and lower specificity (79% versus 96%) than results obtained in a hospital setting. RDTs showed better performance when excluding subjects reporting surgery for CE and if weak bands were considered negative. Concordance between tests was moderate to very good. In hypothetical screening scenarios, ultrasound alone or confirmed by RDTs provided more reliable prevalence figures than serology alone, which overestimated it by 5 to 20 times. In a simulation of case diagnosis with pre-test probability of CE of 50%, positive and negative post-test probabilities of the VIRapid test were 78% and 22%, respectively. The application of the VIRapid test alone would not be reliable for the assessment of population prevalence of CE, but could help clinical decision making in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Commercial Dengue Diagnostic Tests for Early Detection of Dengue in Clinical Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Kappa Agreement

The shattering rise in dengue virus infections globally has created a need for an accurate and validated rapid diagnostic test for this virus. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic detection are useful tools for diagnosis of early dengue infection. We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of nonstructural 1 (NS1) RDT and real-time RT-PCR diagnostic kits in 86 patient serum samples. Thirty-six samples were positive for dengue NS1 antigen while the remaining 50 were negative when tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Commercially available RDTs for NS1 detection, RTK ProDetect™, and SD Bioline showed high sensitivity of 94% and 89%, respectively, compared with ELISA. GenoAmp® Trioplex Real-Time RT-PCR and RealStar® Dengue RT-PCR tests presented a comparable kappa agreement with 0.722. The result obtained from GenoAmp® Real-Time RT-PCR Dengue test showed that 14 samples harbored dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), 8 samples harbored DENV-2, 2 samples harbored DENV-3, and 1 sample harbored DENV-4. 1 sample had a double infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2. The NS1 RDTs and real-time RT-PCR tests were found to be a useful diagnostic for early and rapid diagnosis of acute dengue and an excellent surveillance tool in our battle against dengue.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Antigen Detection Rapid Diagnostic Test for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-783
Author(s):  
Hoi-Ying Lam ◽  
Ka-Yi Leung ◽  
Ruiqi Zhang ◽  
Danlei Liu ◽  
Yujing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests have been developed for first-line large-scale screening given their rapidity, simplicity, and accuracy. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of an antigen detection rapid diagnostic test (BLOK BioScience, London, UK) detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 110 NPS from COVID-19 patients were tested to determine the test’s sensitivity, and other viral isolates and 20 NPS from non-infected individuals were, for specificity, also tested. Ten clinical samples from COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 variants, including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and eta variants, were collected to evaluate the test’s potential application in detecting emerging variants. Overall sensitivity was 92%, and stratifying into viral loads yielded 100% for Ct < 25 samples including SARS-CoV-2 variants, but 11.11% for Ct ≥ 30 samples. The analytical sensitivity of log10 TCID50/mL 2.0 was identified for SARS-CoV-2. Ninety-seven percent specificity with only SARS-CoV cross-reactivity lead to the Youden index of 0.89. The rapid diagnostic test has a high sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in high viral load samples, possibly including emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, but reduced sensitivity in low viral load samples suggests its optimized usage as a complementary testing method to other tests, including RT-PCR or a point-of-care test for large-scale screening, particularly for pandemic areas or airport border infection control.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Rapid Diagnostic Test dan Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik pada Diagnosis Malaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambok Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Better Than

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan penggunaan Rapid diagnostic test dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik (apusan darah) dalam menegakkan diagnosis malaria. Penelitian uji diagnostik ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Nias Selatan dan Kotamadya Sabang, Sumatera Utara. Apusan darah diwarnai dengan larutan Giemsa 10% dan dibaca oleh pemeriksa yang sudah terlatih. Rapid diagnostic test dilakukan dengan menggunakan parascreen. Uji diagnostik rapid diagnostic test secara umum diperoleh hasil yaitu sensitivitas 63,8%; spesifisitas 100%; Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 100%; dan negative predictive value (NPV)93,5%. Kepadatan parasit pada rapid diagnostic test (+) dan mikroskopik (+) adalah 1.483 ± 583 parasit/μl. Sementara, kepadatan parasit pada pemeriksaan rapid diagnostic test (-) dan mikroskopik (+) adalah 621 ± 335 parasit/μl. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik masih lebih baik dibandingkandengan rapid diagnostic test, terutama pada kepadatan parasit yang rendah. Kata kunci: Malaria, pemeriksaan mikroskopik, rapid diagnostic testAbstractThe study was conducted to compare rapid diagnostic test with microscopy (blood film) to diagnose malaria disease. This diagnostic test was done in South of Nias District and Sabang District, North Sumatera. Blood film were colored with Giemsa 10% solution and examined by trained microscopists. Rapid Diagnostic Test was done based on the manual procedure. The results of diagnostic test of rapid diagnostic test were sensitivity 63,5%; specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 93,5%. The density of parasite in rapid diagnostic test (+) were 1.483 + 583 parasite/μl (1.120-2.920 parasite/μl. In other hand, the density of parasite in rapid diagnostic test (-) and microscopy were 621 + 335 parasite/ μl (120-1.160 parasite/μl). Microscopy still better than rapid diagnostic test, especially in patient with low parasite density. Keywords: Malaria, microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic test

Sensitivity of HIV Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits in Detecting HIV-2 in HIV Care and Support Centres in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Antwiwaa Offih ◽  
David Nana Adjei ◽  
Seth Agyemang ◽  
Christopher Zen Abana ◽  
Alexander Martin-Odoom
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
First Response ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract BackgroundAmong Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected people in Ghana, the prevalence of HIV-2 is low compared with HIV-1. There is a paucity of reliable data on HIV-2 prevalence in Ghana which may justify targeted routine HIV-2 testing for all people for whom HIV-1 testing is required. Prevention and treatment of AIDS depends on accurate laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. HIV Rapid diagnostic Test (RDT) kits are the preferred preliminary screening assay type in many resource-constrained countries. The study sought to determine whether the RDT kits used in screening for HIV positive patients are missing capturing HIV-2 in the patients.MethodsVenous blood was aseptically collected from 100 HIV-1 infected patients reporting to the Fevers Unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital for antiretroviral therapy. Using Plasma the HIV 1 status was reassessed with Oraquick® Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 kit, First Response HIV-1-2 RDT kit and Multisure MP Diagnostics, the RDTs in use at the care and support centre. ResultsOf the 100 patients previously determined as HIV-1 positive at the HIV Care and Support Centre, 88 tested positive for HIV-1, 10 tested positive for HIV-1 & 2, 2 tested negative and no patient tested positive for HIV-2 using First Response RDT kit and Multisure RDT kit, and OraQuick kit which gave qualitative results of 98 positives and 2 negatives. The twelve (12) samples with different study results from the known, prior to the study(10 HIV 1& 2 and 2 negative), were subjected to confirmatory test at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) with INNO-LIA HIV Score kit, a standard confirmatory protocol. When INNO-LIA HIV Score kit was used as confirmatory test for the 12 samples, 9 tested positive for HIV-1, one patient tested negative and two patients tested positive for HIV-2.ConclusionAll the rapid diagnostic test kits in use missed classifying the two samples correctly as HIV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® as a rapid diagnostic test in French Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Pujo ◽  
Stéphanie Houcke ◽  
Sarah Lemmonier ◽  
Patrick Portecop ◽  
Alexis Frémery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Remote Healthcare

Abstract Background French Guiana (FG) is a French overseas territory where malaria is endemic. The current incidence rate is 0.74‰ inhabitants, and Plasmodium vivax is widely predominating even though Plasmodium falciparum is still present due to imported cases mainly from Africa. In FG, rapid diagnostic test (SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan®) is based on the detection of pan-pLDH, PfHRP2, and PfHRP3 antigens, while in South America, the share of deletion of PfHRP2 gene is significantly increasing. Accordingly, the study questions the reliability of RDTs in the Amazonian context. Methods The study is retrospective. It is conducted over 4 years and analysed 12,880 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) compared to concomitant Blood Film Tests (BFTs) sampled for malaria diagnosis. Results The global assessment of the accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® in the diagnostic of malaria shows both Positive and Negative Predictive Values (PPV and NPV) higher than 95%, except for PPV in the diagnosis of malaria to P. falciparum (88%). Overall, the concordance rate between RDT and BFT (positive/positive; negative/negative) was 99.5%. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P. falciparum was the lowest during the first 28 days. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P. vivax was the lowest during the first 21 days. The global sensitivity of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® test was, on average, 96% (88.2–100) for P. falciparum and 93% (90.6–94.2) for P. vivax. The global specificity was 99.8% (99.5–100) for all included species. Conclusion SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® is a reliable rapid test used for the first-line diagnosis in remote healthcare centres. The test results should be interpreted in the light of patient’s recent medical history and the date of arrival to FG.

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