scholarly journals Accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® as a rapid diagnostic test in French Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Pujo ◽  
Stéphanie Houcke ◽  
Sarah Lemmonier ◽  
Patrick Portecop ◽  
Alexis Frémery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Remote Healthcare

Abstract Background French Guiana (FG) is a French overseas territory where malaria is endemic. The current incidence rate is 0.74‰ inhabitants, and Plasmodium vivax is widely predominating even though Plasmodium falciparum is still present due to imported cases mainly from Africa. In FG, rapid diagnostic test (SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan®) is based on the detection of pan-pLDH, PfHRP2, and PfHRP3 antigens, while in South America, the share of deletion of PfHRP2 gene is significantly increasing. Accordingly, the study questions the reliability of RDTs in the Amazonian context. Methods The study is retrospective. It is conducted over 4 years and analysed 12,880 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) compared to concomitant Blood Film Tests (BFTs) sampled for malaria diagnosis. Results The global assessment of the accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® in the diagnostic of malaria shows both Positive and Negative Predictive Values (PPV and NPV) higher than 95%, except for PPV in the diagnosis of malaria to P. falciparum (88%). Overall, the concordance rate between RDT and BFT (positive/positive; negative/negative) was 99.5%. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P. falciparum was the lowest during the first 28 days. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P. vivax was the lowest during the first 21 days. The global sensitivity of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® test was, on average, 96% (88.2–100) for P. falciparum and 93% (90.6–94.2) for P. vivax. The global specificity was 99.8% (99.5–100) for all included species. Conclusion SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® is a reliable rapid test used for the first-line diagnosis in remote healthcare centres. The test results should be interpreted in the light of patient’s recent medical history and the date of arrival to FG.

scholarly journals Accuracy of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® As A Rapid Diagnosis Test of Malaria in French Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jean marc pujo ◽  
Sarah Lemmonier ◽  
Stéphanie Houcke ◽  
Alexis Frémery ◽  
Denis Blanchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis Test ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Remote Healthcare ◽  
Overseas Territories

Abstract BackgroundFrench Guiana (FG) is, with Mayotte island, one of the two French overseas territories where malaria is still endemic. Ten years ago, French health authorities implemented a strategy to eradicate malaria disease in the region. The current incidence rate is 0,74‰ inhabitants, and Plasmodium Vivax is widely predominating even though Plasmodium Falciparum is still present due to imported cases, mainly from the Africa continent. In FG, RDT (SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan®) test is based on detection of pan-pLDH, PfHRP2, and PfHRP3 antigens. While, in South America, the share of deletion of PfHRP2 gene is significantly increasing. So, we wondered if RDTs remained reliable in this context.MethodsOur study is a retrospective analysis conducted over four years and analyzed 12880 rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) whose result was compared with Blood Film Tests (BFTs) sampled for malaria diagnosis.ResultsThe global assessment of the diagnosis accuracy of RDT in the diagnosis of malaria shows PPV (Positive Predictive Value) and NPV (Negative Predictive Value) more than 95%, except for PPV of RDT in the diagnosis of malaria to P falciparum (88%). Overall, the concordance rate between RDT and BFT (positive/positive; negative/negative) was 99.5%. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P falciparum was the lowest during the 28 first days after diagnosis. The PPV of the RDT in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with P vivax was the lowest during the 21 first days after diagnosis. The global sensitivity of SD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® test was, on average, 96% (88.2 – 1) for P falciparum and 93% (90.6 – 94.2) for P vivax. The global specificity was high, with a rate of 99.8% (99.5 – 1) for all species included.ConclusionSD Malaria Ag P.f/Pan® is still a reliable rapid test used for the first-line diagnosis in remote healthcare centers. The test reading should be nuanced by the recent medical history of patients and the date of arrival in FG. RDT result has always to be confirmed by BFT that is still the gold standard for the malaria diagnosis. FG is still a PfHRP2 gene deletion-free area.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance between Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (HRP-2), a Rapid Malaria Diagnostic Test and Microscopic-Based Staining Techniques for Diagnosis of Malaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baptiste Niyibizi ◽  
Emmanuel Kamana Gatera
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Study Participants

Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries such as Rwanda. Microscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing malaria, but it is labor intensive and depends upon the skill of the examiner. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed as an easy, convenient alternative to microscopy. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rukara Health Center which is located in Eastern Province, Kayonza district, Rwanda. One hundred and fifty suspected cases of malaria, who attended Rukara Health Centre, during the period, from 21st June to 30th July 2018, were included in this study. HRP-2 RDTs (CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2 (Access Bio, Inc., Somerset, New Jersey, USA)), for malaria were performed. Thick smears were prepared and Giemsa-stained as recommended; then slides were observed under microscopy and reported quantitatively; RDTs were reported qualitatively (positive or negative). Both RDTs and thick smear results were recorded on data collection sheet. This study included a total of 150 study participants, 87 (58%) females and 63 (42%) males. The patients included in the study did not receive any antimalarial drug. The mean age of the study participants was 31.6 ± 12.4 with the majority of participants being between 25 and 44 years and the minority being above 65 years. The sensitivity of RDT (HRP-2) was calculated and found to be 95.0%, whereas the sensitivity of Giemsa microscopy was 100%. The specificity of RDT (HRP-2) was calculated and found to be 59.2%, whereas the specificity of Giemsa microscopy was 100%. Negative and positive predictive values of RDT are 85.4% and 82.7%, respectively. Negative and positive predictive values of Giemsa microscopy were both 100%. According to the results of the current study, the sensitivity, specificity, and both positive and negative predictive values of Giemsa microscopy are higher than those of histidine-rich protein 2-based rapid diagnostic test for malaria. The results obtained in histidine-rich protein 2-based rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasites should be confirmed with tests with high specificity. Further studies should determine the most appropriate type of rapid diagnostic test of malaria diagnosis to be used in combination with Giemsa microscopy. In addition, sensitivity and specificity of RDT (HRP-2) and Giemsa microscopy should be assessed against molecular biology techniques.

COMPARISON OF FOURTH GENERATION ELISA AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS(HCV) INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Stuti Kansra Arora ◽  
Mala Chhabra ◽  
Anuradha Anuradha ◽  
Arvind Achra ◽  
Nandini Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Samples

Introduction:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has emerged as one of the major global health challenge affecting about 2 - 3% of the world population. Epidemiological studies have shown that HCV infection is a major risk factor for development of Acute hepatitis,chronic liver disease,cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Early diagnosis of HCV is important to link hepatitis testing to care and treatment initiation. Aim:To compare sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) with fourth generation ELISA Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (formerly Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018.Blood samples of patients suspected with hepatitis were tested using ELISA and rapid diagnostic test Results: In our study 26378 blood samples were tested for HCV,using fourth generation ELISA.Of these,581(2.20%) samples were found to be positive by ELISA.These HCV positive samples along with equal number of ELISA negative samples were tested by rapid diagnostic test. Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid diagnostic test was found to be 72.98 % and 100% respectively. Discussion:Rapid diagnostic test can be used during emergency hours but their results must be followed by ELISA test results in a tertiary care hospital.Reporting of false negative results should be minimized for rapid linkage to treatment initiation and to avoid silent transmission of infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Currently Being Used in the Management of Malaria in Patients of the Hia/Chu-Parakou and the Boko Zone Hospital in Northern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokponnon F ◽  
◽  
Osse R ◽  
Houessou C ◽  
Akogbeto M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Adequate Management

Parasitological diagnosis is a fundamental element in the adequate management of the disease. In the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in the development of malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. This is the case with SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf, which searches for HRP2 antigen by immunochromatography. The objective of this study is to compare the results of RDT SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf in use with the results of Thick Gout (TG) in the biological diagnosis of malaria. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative study carried out at the Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées-Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Parakou and at the Boko zone hospital from April 20 to July 30, 2015. Patient identification, we used the non-probabilistic method and the convenience choice technique. The study involved 503 patients. The results of this study showed a good performance of the RDT SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf. Among the 503 patients, 199 or 39.6% were positive for the RDT against 180 or 35.8% positive for the Thick Gout (TG). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the test compared to the thick film were respectively (91.7%, 89.5%, 82.9, 95) and the Kappa coefficient of 0.88 testifies a good match. False positive cases are noted in patients on treatment and even after recovery due to the persistence of the HRP2 antigen in the blood. However, it constitutes an interesting alternative to the management of malaria. At the end of this study, we suggest continuing the use of RDTs in health centers where microscopy is absent and/or reinforcing microscopy, and to strengthen staff training in the management of malaria cases.

scholarly journals Temperature of a Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Test under Tropical Climatic Conditions: A Follow Up Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0170359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onanong Sengvilaipaseuth ◽  
Koukeo Phommasone ◽  
Xavier de Lamballerie ◽  
Manivanh Vongsouvath ◽  
Ooyanong Phonemixay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals SMS messages increase adherence to rapid diagnostic test results among malaria patients: results from a pilot study in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Modrek ◽  
Eric Schatzkin ◽  
Anna De La Cruz ◽  
Chinwoke Isiguzo ◽  
Ernest Nwokolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Test Results

scholarly journals Causes of false-positive HIV rapid diagnostic test results

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derryck Klarkowski ◽  
Daniel P O’Brien ◽  
Leslie Shanks ◽  
Kasha P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Test Results

scholarly journals Adherence to malaria rapid diagnostic test results and a qualitative study on Health Workers perception about the test in Agona East District of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Ansah-Koi
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test

Abstract Background Ghana has adopted the policy of diagnostically testing for malaria before treatment. The Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) is used to diagnose malaria especially in lower health facilities like Health Centers (HC) and Community-based Health Planning Services (CHPS) Compounds without microscopy. Studies have shown that clinicians do not always adhere to negative malaria test results of the RDT and prescribe anti-malarials. Methods Quantitative aspect focused on how malaria is diagnosed and adherence to negative rapid diagnostic test results using the consulting room register and patients’ folder of six health facilities within the period of July to September 2015. In-depth interviews using purposive sampling was conducted for 14 health workers at Health Centers and CHPS compounds to find out their perceptions about malaria RDT and reasons for adherence or non-adherence to test results.Results Of the six health facilities in the Agona East District, 3.87% (14/362) were presumptively diagnosed with malaria whiles 96.10% (348/362) were diagnosed with malaria using RDT.For those tested with RDT, 15.25% tested negative and 84.75% tested positive. Of those who tested negative, 20.75% were given anti-malarials and 79.25% did not receive anti-malarials. Health workers perceived the Malaria RDT kit as easy to use and also as making work easier. Testing is done mainly because it is a policy. Conclusion The malaria testing rate in the Agona East District is higher than that at the National level. Health Centers compared to CHPS compounds are likely to treat for malaria in cases of a negative test result. There is also high adherence to negative test results. Health workers perceive the RDT as a useful tool which has made malaria diagnosis easy.

scholarly journals Low sensitivity of ParaHIT-f rapid malaria test among patients with fever in rural health centers, Northern Tanzania

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliningaya John Kweka ◽  
Asanterabi Lowassa ◽  
Shandala Msangi ◽  
Epiphania E Kimaro ◽  
Ester E Lyatuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Malaria Test

Introduction: Several rapid diagnostic tools for malaria are currently available in local markets. However, diagnostic accuracy varies widely. The present study was conducted to evaluate a cheaply and easily available rapid diagnostic malaria test (ParaHIT-f) in rural Tanzania. Methodology: Participants presenting with fever at health centers in the Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions were eligible. Parasitological thin and thick smears were examined from finger-prick blood samples and compared to ParaHIT-f test results. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated using microscopic parasitological examination as the gold standard. Results: In total, 236/743 (31.8%) individuals had a positive malaria microscopy, and 25/715 (3.4%) were positive in the rapid diagnostic test. The sensitivity of ParaHIT-f was 10.7% (95% CI, 6.7-14.7) and specificity was 100% (95% CI, 97.4-102), with positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of 100% (95% CI, 99.1-100.2) and 70.9% (95% CI, 66.9-74.9) respectively. Sensitivity of ParaHIT-f increased with increasing P. falciparum density (P > 0.003) from 5.8% (95% CI, 0-12.9) at < 100 parasites/μl to 20.5% (95% CI, 13.5-27) at ≥ 100 parasites/μl. Conclusions: Sensitivity of the ParaHIT-f rapid test was very low in this setting, therefore concomitant use of rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy is recommended. In the case of positive test results, confirmation by parasitological techniques is not necessary. Further monitoring of ParaHIT-f in various epidemiological settings in Tanzania is warranted. 

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Malaria Diagnosis: Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDTs) Against Microscopy among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
K. Mohammed ◽  
M. U. Iduh ◽  
S. M. Saheed ◽  
O. F. Ashcroft ◽  
M. K. Garba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It was estimated that 219 million cases of malaria occur in 87 countries, with an estimated death of 435,000 in 2017 among pregnant women. Other species include P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae is a blood parasite of human and is one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 3.5 billion people globally and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such infections, the majority being children. Aims: This study was aimed at comparing RDTs against microscopy in the detection of malaria parasite among pregnant women. Samples were collected and analyzed following cross-sectional comparative study design. It was conducted between Septembers to November 2019. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, comparative study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto State, between March and November, 2019. Methodology: A total of 106 participants were enrolled for the study. Standard parasitological examination was carried out on blood samples using microscopy followed by Rapid Diagnostic test (RDTs). Results: Finding revealed, in this study, CareStart kit had sensitivity of 77.7%, specificity of 100s%. It is expected that any RDT used for malaria diagnosis should have a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity 97% (WHO, 2003); this is in contrast with the RDTs results in this study. The false negative (FN) Carestart and SD-Bioline kits in this study were 10% and 21%, respectively using microscopy as the gold standard due to lack of sensitivity of RDTs at low parsitaemia compared to microscopy. The false positive rate in this study for the Carestart and SD-Bioline kits are 0% and 0% respectively. Out of 106 patients screened, 35% and 24% tested positive for Plasmodiumfalciparum using Carestart and SD-Bioline RDTs respectively, while 45% were positive to malaria by microscopic examination. There was high prevalence of malaria parasite among age group 18-23 which is 42.2%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using microscopy is more time consuming compared to RDTs due to the fact that the time taken to read the results for RDTs is within five minutes and that of microscopy is higher compared to RDTs. Over all prevalence of malaria by microscopy was 42.5% while the prevalence of malaria by Carestart and SD-bioline was 33% and 22.6% respectively. Conventional microscopy remains the gold standard compared to RDTs according to this study with the level of its sensitivity and specificity which is higher than RDTs.

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