Correlation between Peri-Coronary Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume, Cardiac Calcification and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease by Multi Slice Computed Tomography

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A El Etriby ◽  
A El sherbiny ◽  
R Remone ◽  
A Mamdouh
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

ABSTRACT The authors in that article addressed a very important and relevant issue. Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a complex endocrine organ that plays an important role in the development of unfavorable metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile. EAT may express a variety of inflammatory mediators which may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Aortic and mitral valve calcification may reflect generalized atherosclerosis in the elderly and may be a marker of high prevalence and severity of CAD. There is a direct correlation (extent, severity and the future CV events) between the coronary artery calcium and the CAD. Aim and Objectives To correlate peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification and valvular (aortic and mitral) calcification with the severity of the coronary artery disease. Patients and Methods The study recruited 200 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. The amount of EAT surrounding the left main and the three main coronary arteries was quantified in axial cuts with the most distinct layer of EAT. The amount of calcium in the aortic and mitral valve and the coronaries were quantified with multi-detector computed tomography MDCT using dedicated software for measuring calcium score that is based on Agatson score. Coronary artery disease severity was assessed in terms of number of vessels affected and the severity of coronary stenosis by multi-planner reformation technique. Results Based on the finding of the MDCT and according to the presence of calcification in the aortic or the mitral valves, and the significance of the coronary artery disease, patients were classified into two groups, group (I): 115 patients with normal coronaries or with non significant lesions in their coronaries, and group (II): 85 patients with significant coronary artery disease. The Mean ± SD (in millimeters) of EAT for the entire study cohort in various coronary artery locations were as follows: LM EAT 9.82 ± 2.67, proximal LAD EAT 10.06 ± 2.80, mid LAD EAT 9.15 ± 2.41, distal LAD EAT 6.46 ± 1.87, proximal LCX EAT 8.10 ± 1.90, distal LCX EAT 6.83 ± 1.79, proximal RCA EAT 10.23 ± 2.42, mid RCA EAT 9.26 ± 2.72, distal RCA EAT 7.25 ± 2.58. Statistically highly significant difference was observed between the two groups with regards to LM EAT, proximal, mid and distal LAD EAT, proximal and distal LCX EAT, proximal, mid and distal RCA EAT (8.38 ± 2.18 Vs 11.77 ± 1.94 P: 0.000, 8.49 ± 2.21 Vs 12.18 ± 2.00, 7.93 ± 1.77 Vs 10.81 ± 2.16, 5.45 ± 1.26 Vs 7.82 ± 1.68 P: 0.000, 7.08 ± 1.34 Vs 9.46 ± 1.67, 6.05 ± 1.50 Vs 7.89 ± 1.61 P: 0.000, 9.01 ± 1.94 Vs 11.88 ± 1.99, 8.07 ± 2.32 Vs 10.86 ± 2.39, 6.31 ± 2.26 Vs 8.51 ± 2.45 P: 0.000; respectively). Statistically highly significant difference was observed between the two groups with regards calcium score and the severity of CAD in the three major vessels (LAD, LCX and RCA) and the total calcium score in all vessels (35 (16 – 85.5) Vs 179.5 (59.5 – 243) P: 0.000, 20.5 (7 – 50.5) Vs 56 (33 – 95) P: 0.000, 31 (9 – 54) Vs 97 (54 – 199) P: 0.000, 12 (0 – 84) Vs 286 (106 – 511) P:0.000; respectively) while calcium score in the LM was not statistically significant with the severity of CAD (4 (3 – 26) Vs 12 (9 – 16) P: 0.360). As regards aortic valve calcification there was statistically highly significant difference between the two groups; P value 0.000, while mitral valve calcification was found to be not statistically significant between the two groups P: 0.272. Conclusion The present study demonstrated a significant correlation between the peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue, coronary calcification and aortic valve calcification and the severity of the coronary artery disease.

Abstract 12678: Clinical Utility of Echocardiographic Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness Measured Using a High-frequency Linear Probe in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukia Hirata ◽  
Hirotsugu Yamada ◽  
Kenya Kusunose ◽  
Susumu Nishio ◽  
Mika Bando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Epicardial adipose tissue(EAT), which is thought to be an ectopic adipose tissue, has been paid attention in association with coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that EAT in anterior interventricular groove (AIG) obtained by echocardiography can be an additional marker over classical risk factors for prediction of CAD. Methods: We enrolled 311 patients (mean age 67±11 yrs, 208 men) who underwent coronary angiography between December 2011 and December 2013 at our hospital. We measured EAT thickness on the AIG and right ventricular free wall (EAT-RV) using high-frequency linear probe. Subjects were divided into 2 groups with and without significant coronary stenosis (≧75%) from coronary angiography. The performance of clinical risk factors (including age, male gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking) plus various combinations of EAT thickness measurements for predicting CAD was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) in ROC analysis. Results: The EAT-AIG thickness was significantly greater in the CAD group than that in the non-CAD group (8.3±3.0 vs. 6.3±2.5 mm, p<0.001), and there as also significant difference in the EAT-RV between the two groups (5.0±2.1 vs. 4.4±2.3 mm, p=0.009). Adding the EAT-AIG thickness over classical risk factors improved prediction of presence CAD (AUC 0.692 vs. 0.788, p<0.001), while the EAT-RV did not (AUC 0.692 vs. 0.704, p=0.343). Conclusions: Echocardiographic EAT-AIG thickness was greater in the CAD group than the non-CAD group. This non-invasive index may have clinical potential as a maker for predicting coronary atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Predominance of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Reflects the Presence of Aortic Valve Calcification

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Oikawa ◽  
Takashi Owada ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamauchi ◽  
Tomofumi Misaka ◽  
Hirofumi Machii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background. Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a common feature of aging and is related to coronary artery disease. Although abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays fundamental roles in coronary artery disease, the relationship between abdominal VAT and AVC is not fully understood.Methods. We investigated 259 patients who underwent cardiac and abdominal computed tomography (CT). AVC was defined as calcified lesion on the aortic valve by CT. %abdominal VAT was calculated as abdominal VAT area/total adipose tissue area.Results. AVC was detected in 75 patients, and these patients showed higher %abdominal VAT (44% versus 38%,p<0.05) compared to those without AVC. When the cutoff value of %abdominal VAT was set at 40.9%, the area under the curve to diagnose AVC was 0.626. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.120, 95% CI 1.078–1.168,p<0.01), diabetes (OR 2.587, 95% CI 1.323–5.130,p<0.01), and %abdominal VAT (OR 1.032, 95% CI 1.003–1.065,p<0.05) were independent risk factors for AVC. The net reclassification improvement value for detecting AVC was increased when %abdominal VAT was added to the model: 0.5093 (95% CI 0.2489–0.7697,p<0.01).Conclusion. We determined that predominance of VAT is associated with AVC.

scholarly journals Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness, A Direct Correlation With Age And Gender In Healthy Adults And Coronary Artery Disease Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Sadaf Shaheen ◽  
Sahrish Mukhtar ◽  
Iffat Raza ◽  
Bashir Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the Epicardial Adipose Tissue thickness through echocardiography in healthy adults and coronary artery disease patients and to make its association with age and gender. Methods: It was a case control study. A total of 315 samples including 159 cases of coronary artery disease and 156 asymptomatic individuals for coronary artery disease underwent echocardiography for Epicardial Adipose Tissue thickness measurement. Results: Mean Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) in the study was found to be 15.45 ± 7.16 mm. Cases had significantly higher EAT 16.77 ±9.80mm as compared to controls 14.13 ± 4.52 mm (P=0.02). EAT thickness increased significantly with age (P=0.004). There was no significant difference of EAT (P=0.999) in both the genders. Conclusion: The mean EAT thickness is significantly higher in our study population as compared to previous studies. The mean EAT thickness was same in both males and females of our study. There was no significant difference in EAT of both genders.

scholarly journals Impact of epicardial adipose tissue accumulation on left ventricular mass and hypertrophy in non-obstructive coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Khan ◽  
I Eskerud ◽  
T H Larsen ◽  
C A Berge ◽  
E R Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Introduction Increased left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by echocardiography are common in obesity and important cardiovascular risk predictors associated with myocardial ischemia in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) suggest a possible direct impact on LVMi and LVH. Purpose To explore the association between EAT volume, LVMi and LVH in patients with chest pain and non-obstructive CAD. Methods We included 129 patients with chest pain and non-obstructive CAD (&lt;50% stenosis) by coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. EAT volume was quantified using a semiautomatic analysis software on non-contrast cardiac CT images. Patients were grouped according to EAT volume, where high EAT volume was adjudicated when EAT volume was in the highest tertile (≥125 ml). Left ventricular mass was assessed by echocardiography, calculated by the Devereux formula and indexed for height in the allometric power of 2.7 (LVMi). LVH was defined as LVMi &gt;46.7 g/m2.7 in women and &gt;49.2 g/m2.7 in men. Coronary artery plaque burden was assessed as calcium score and segment involvement score on coronary CT angiography. Results High EAT volume was more common in men with higher BMI, waist circumference, serum triglycerides and higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity (all p&lt;0.05). Age, coronary calcium score and coronary artery segment involvement score did not differ between groups. Patients with high EAT volume had higher LVMi compared to those with low EAT volume (42.5 g/m2.7 vs. 36.1 g/m2.7, p=0.003), while there was no difference in EAT volume among patients with or without LVH. In univariable logistic regression analysis, high EAT volume was associated with higher LVMi (OR 1.05 [95% CI 1.01–1.10] per g/m2.7, p=0.015). After adjusting for hypertension and obesity in a multivariable model, higher LVMi remained significantly associated with high EAT volume (Model 1, Table 1), but the association was attenuated after adjusting for sex (Model 2, Table 1). Conclusion High EAT volume was associated with increased LVMi in patients with non-obstructive CAD, independent of hypertension and obesity, while there was no association with LVH. This suggest that direct infiltration of adipose tissue in the myocardium may contribute to the development of increased LVMi. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Western Norwegian Regional Health Authorities Table 1

The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Lymphocytes in Low-Grade Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 469-P
Author(s):  
MILOS MRAZ ◽  
ANNA CINKAJZLOVA ◽  
ZDENA LACINOVÁ ◽  
JANA KLOUCKOVA ◽  
HELENA KRATOCHVILOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals The Associations of Epicardial Adipose Tissue With Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Hong Kim ◽  
Ju-Hye Chung ◽  
Beom-June Kwon ◽  
Sang-Wook Song ◽  
Whan-Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Expression of adipocytokine genes and their content in various adipose tissue sites in patients with heart diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gruzdeva ◽  
Yulia Dyleva ◽  
Ekaterina Belik ◽  
Daria Borodkina ◽  
Maxim Sinitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine and paracrine organ that synthesizes biologically active adipocytokines, which affect inflammation, fibrosis, and atherogenesis. Epicardial and perivascular fat depots are of great interest owing to potential effects on the myocardium and blood vessels. Objective To assess expression and secretion of adipocytokine genes in adipose tissue in patients coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Methods The study included 84 patients with CAD and 50 patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT), and perivascular AT (PVAT) samples. Isolated adipocytes were cultured for 24 h after which, gene expression and secretion levels of selected adipokines and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Results The study parameters differed depending on the adipose tissue location. EAT adipocytes in CAD patients were characterized by a pronounced imbalance in the adipokine system. EAT had the lowest adiponectin gene expression and secretion, regardless of nosology and high expression levels of the leptin gene, its receptor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. High leptin and IL-6 levels resulted in increased pro-inflammatory activity, as observed in both EAT and PVAT adipocytes, especially in individuals with coronary artery disease. Conclusion The "protective" potential of adipose tissue depends on its location.

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