scholarly journals Who Bears Interest Rate Risk?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2921-2954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoffmann ◽  
Sam Langfield ◽  
Federico Pierobon ◽  
Guillaume Vuillemey
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Loan Rate ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
European Banking

Abstract We study the allocation of interest rate risk within the European banking sector using novel data. Banks’ exposure to interest rate risk is small on aggregate, but heterogeneous in the cross-section. Contrary to conventional wisdom, net worth is increasing in interest rates for approximately half of the institutions in our sample. Cross-sectional variation in banks’ exposures is driven by cross-country differences in loan-rate fixation conventions for mortgages. Banks use derivatives to partially hedge on-balance-sheet exposures. Residual exposures imply that changes in interest rates have redistributive effects within the banking sector. Received October 31, 2017; editorial decision August 30, 2018 by Editor Philip Strahan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Banks' Interest Rate Risk: An Alternative Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Jakob Lichtner ◽  
Marcus Riekeberg ◽  
Friedrich Thiessen ◽  
Thomas Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Realistic View

Interest rate risk is often assessed through parallel yield curve shifts of 100, 200 or 400 basis points. In order to provide a more realistic view, we did simulations based on periods of growing interest rates that actually occurred in the past. These simulations show that non-bank deposits and non-bank loans react more strongly to rising interest rates than certain interbank and security positions. Existing research usually overestimates related risks slightly as it does not take the interest-elastic reactions of non-banks into account. We found three types of effects. Firstly, the direct earnings effect stems from changed market interest rates applied to constant balance sheet positions. This effect is typically measured by straightforward models. Secondly, to increase accuracy, we identified an indirect earnings effect. Customers react to interest rate changes, and therefore balance sheet positions increase or decrease. The size of this effect depends on how strongly they react, i. e. their interest elasticity. Thirdly, the induced earnings effect results from a bank’s reactions in an attempt to compensate for the changed business volume.

Nexus Between Interest Rate Risk and Economic Value of Equity of Banks

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110394
Author(s):  
Soundariya G. ◽  
Treesa Aleena David ◽  
Suresh G.
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
The Impact

This analytical study looks to provide recommendations to the banking sector on different policies and regulations by examining certain aspects of the Basel III accord, which was designed to manage specific operational, capital and market risks of banks. A review of extant literature reveals that only a few papers have been written on simulation-based approaches, using basis and re-pricing risks. We look to connect this as a source while attempting to define and measure the impact of interest rate risk (IRR) on the economic value of equity (EVE) of banks. We propose to use the driver—driven method, wherein interest rate shocks are derived through prime lending rate (PLR) for the period of 2016–2019 in the context of India. Monte Carlo Simulation and OLS regression was performed to predict the IRR; Granger causality was used to examine the cause and effect relationship; the impulse response function (IRF) was used for sensitivity analysis; and the vector error correction model (VECM) technique was used for co-integrating relationships. Notably, the EVE movement caused due to shocks in interest rates had to be traced as it envisages probable EVE losses. Importantly, our study is among the first few to show the relationship between IRR and EVE of banks, especially after the deregulation of Indian banking sector.

Interest rate risk in the banking book – is the SSM’s regulatory approach tight enough?

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Marc Wambold ◽  
Axel Wieandt
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Outlier Tests

Abstract The current low interest rate environment is an unprecedented situation for the European banking union’s single supervisory mechanism (SSM) in that it increases interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) for euro area banks. Sudden upward movements in rates threaten the economic value of bank equity, and persistently high interest rates can lead to lower bank earnings. These risks point to the need for a comprehensive supervisory approach to regulating IRRBB. Given the extraordinary circumstances and high levels of IRRBB which banks are and will be exposed to, we evaluate whether the SSM’s regulatory approach is tight enough. Specifically, we assess the adequacy of the supervisory outlier tests by performing an empirical analysis on historical interest rate changes and discussing whether the earnings perspective should be included in the supervisory outlier tests. Furthermore, we consider the minimum capital requirements for IRRBB against the background of the current low interest rates. Overall, we conclude that the current SSM’s approach on IRRBB is not tight enough. While we confirm the adequacy of the existing supervisory outlier tests, we recommend complementing them with outlier tests regarding the net interest income of banks. We further recommend implementing a standardised approach for calculating minimum capital requirements to improve banks’ resilience against IRRBB.

scholarly journals Interest Rate Sensitivity of Non-banking Financial Sector in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-170
Author(s):  
Renu Ghosh ◽  
K. Latha ◽  
Sunita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Impact

Executive Summary Before financial liberalization, interest rates were administered and exhibited near-zero volatility. The easing of financial repression in the 1990s generated experiences with interest rate volatility in India. Administrative restrictions on interest rates in India have been steadily eased since 1993. This has led to increased interest rate risk for financial firms. Most research studies have almost exclusively focused on the developed countries especially the banking sector of the United States. The present study attempts to examine the interest rate risk of non-banking financial institutions in India by using the methodology of panel regression and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) (1, 1) model for the period from 1 April 1996 to 30 August 2014. The sample used in the study consists of all non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) listed in the S&P CNX 500 index which has continuous availability of share prices over the study period. The study also examines the impact of unanticipated changes in interest rate on stock returns of NBFCs. The Box–Jenkins methodology is applied to calculate unanticipated changes in interest rate variable, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (24, 1, 0) model. The time series used in the present study is found to be stationary at the first logarithmic difference. Stock returns exhibit significant exposure with both market returns and interest rate changes. The interest rate sensitivity of large, medium, and small financial institutions is also found to be different. Estimation results for the variance equation in GARCH (1, 1) model suggest that the volatility for individual firm stock returns is time-variant. The ARCH and GARCH coefficients are found to be significant, providing evidence against using traditional model (ordinary least square (OLS)) that assumes time-invariant volatility. This implies that the market has a memory longer than one period and volatility is more sensitive to its own lagged values than it is to new surprises in the market. This study also investigates the possible determinants that account for cross-sectional variation in the interest rate sensitivity of NBFCs. It is found that the size of the firm is the preferred determinant that accounts for cross-sectional variation in the interest rate sensitivity of finance companies. When unanticipated changes in interest rate are used in lieu of actual interest rate changes, not much difference is observed in the significance coefficients. The only significant difference observed is in the magnitude. The impact of actual interest rate changes is more than the impact of unanticipated interest rate changes in absolute terms. This difference in the magnitude of impact arises because actual data incorporate movement in both anticipated and unanticipated components of interest rate. Hence, NBFCs managers and regulators should adopt policies and strategies to avoid the transmission of interest rate risk in their stock returns.

scholarly journals A Multi-Objective Risk Return Trade off Models for Banks: Fuzzy Programming Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Rahul Chaudhury ◽  
Sahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Fuzzy Programming ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Rate Risk

The main focus of banking sector is on the risk management. Asset liability management (ALM) is one of the key processes to manage the risks. The objective of this paper is to develop a multi-objective asset liability optimization model for banks with the maximization of market value of equity and minimization of duration gap as the objective function. Several liquidity ratios, concept of duration and convexity are considered to manage the risk properly. Interest rate risk and liquidity risk are two major considerations in both the regulation and management of a bank. As we know that, with the fluctuation of the market interest rate, the market value of assets and liabilities of a bank changes and that affects a change in owner’s equity. In order to overcome such type of situation here we will use the concept of duration and convexity to manage the interest rate risk. In case of liquidity risk the shortage of liquidity may also put that bank in risk and simultaneously it is very crucial to manage the cash flow properly. So here we will use some major liquidity ratios to manage the liquidity risk. We will take the help of fuzzy programming technique to solve our model properly. A numerical example is given to illustrate our model by considering a hypothetical bank balance sheet. Also we will compare the result obtained by fuzzy technique with result obtained by a non fuzzy based technique.

Balance-sheet interest rate risk: a weighted Lp approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslaw Gajek ◽  
Elzbieta Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Rate Risk

scholarly journals Measuring Interest Rate Risk with Embedded Option Using HPL-MC Method in Fuzzy and Stochastic Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Enlin Tang ◽  
Wei Du
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Term Structure ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Term Structure Model ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Liability Management ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Embedded Options

Under the condition of continuous innovation of financial derivatives and marketization of interest rate, interest rates fluctuate more frequently and fiercely, and the measurement of interest rate risk also attracts more attention. Under the premise that the fluctuation of interest rate follows fuzzy stochastic process, based on the option characteristics of financial instruments with embedded option, this paper takes effective duration and effective convexity as tools to measure interest rate risk when embedded options exist, tries to choose CIR extended model as term structure model, and uses the Monte Carlo method for hybrid low deviation sequences (HPL-MC) to analyze the prepayment characteristics of MBS, a representative financial instrument with embedded options, when interest rates fluctuate; on this basis, the effectiveness of effective duration management of interest rate risk is demonstrated with asset liability management cases of commercial banks.

scholarly journals The Effect of Risks on Banking Safety: Applied Study on Jordanian Traditional Banks (2005-2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdel Mohsen Al-Afeef ◽  
Atallah Hassan Al-Ta'ani
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
The Impact

Banking sector is one of the most important sectors that support the sustainable economic development in Jordan, therefore this study aimed to test the impact of risks; (Liquidity risk, bank credit risk and interest rate risk) on the safety in the banking sector in the Jordanian commercial banks during the period 2005-2016.The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant impact for each of liquidity risk and interest rate risk on the safety in the banking sector, and there isn't statistically significant impact for credit risk on the safety in the banking sector during the period of this study, and also find that the explanatory of model was 60.5%, which means that 39.5% due to other factors.

Basel I to Basel III: Impact of Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk of Banks in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S83-S111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Ulain Rizvi ◽  
Smita Kashiramka ◽  
Shveta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Net Interest Margin

The study explores the theoretical background of Basel III and investigates the drivers of interest rate risk and credit risk of banks in various parlances, namely, pre and post the financial crisis, phases of implementation and ownership on a sample of 36 listed banks in India. The findings indicate that the high capital adequacy requirement (CAR) exhibits a positive relation with gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) and net interest margin (NIM). This is perhaps one of the major drawbacks of Basel implementation, which may become a cause of lower GDP in the future as explained in the findings of the literature. Originality/value: This article is perhaps the first attempt of its kind to empirically examine the bank-specific, macroeconomic variables and link it with the Basel implementation in the Indian banking system for the time period 2002–2015. This study endeavours to enhance the existing empirical research in the field and give insights into the role of various factors on GNPAs and interest rates (with regards to Indian banks).

Spillover Effects of US Monetary Policy on Banking Development: Evidence from the Asian Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 097215091985748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Ahmad Almahadin
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Interest Rate Volatility ◽  
The Us ◽  
Banking Development

This study investigates the dynamic impacts of local interest rate volatility and the spillover effects of the US policy rate on the banking development of Asian countries from 1980 to 2015. Bounds testing within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework is employed to explore the long-term and short-term impacts. In addition, the study adopts a principal components analysis to create a comprehensive index for banking development to capture the major dimensions of the banking development concept. The empirical findings indicate that local interest rate volatility has negative impacts on the banking industry of Asian countries. Moreover, the existence of the negative spillover impact of the US policy rate on the banking development proxy is revealed in the sampled countries. These impacts continue to play a significant role in dampening the path of banking sector development. Therefore, the banking industry of Asian countries seems to be vulnerable to interest rate risk. The results could provide important implications for policymakers to improve the banking systems of Asian economies. Bankers must consider the impacts of local interest rate policies, as well as the role of US interest rates.

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