LUNG CANCER LIFETIME RISKS IN COHORT STUDIES OF URANIUM MINERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tomasek
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Uranium Miners ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract The article summarizes the most recent results from the cohorts of uranium miners, particularly the risks at low exposures and the risk models with modifying effects of exposure rate, age and time since exposure, which are used for the calculation of lifetime risks (LRs). The excess relative risks per unit exposure (ERR/WLM) arising from low exposures were found up to 10 times higher than the crude risk coefficients. For studies that reported models with modifying effect of age, time since exposure and exposure rate, LRs were calculated using the BEIR VI projection. These LRs were also calculated for a model with effect modification on the annual exposure rate. The results were prepared for the UNSCEAR report on ‘Lung cancer from exposure to radon.’(1)

Risk of lung cancer from radon exposure: contribution of recently published studies of uranium miners

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tirmarche ◽  
J. Harrison ◽  
D. Laurier ◽  
E. Blanchardon ◽  
F. Paquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Uranium Miners ◽  
Background Mortality

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently estimated the risk of lung cancer associated with radon exposure, and a statement was issued in ICRP Publication 115. This was based on recent epidemiological studies and the results from a joint analysis of cohorts of Czech, French, and German uranium miners, and indicated that the excess relative risk of lung cancer per unit of exposure should be expressed with consideration of chronic exposure over more than 10 years, by modelling time since median exposure, age attained or age at exposure, and taking in account, if possible, interaction between radon and tobacco. The lifetime excess absolute risk (LEAR) calculated from occupational exposure studies is close to 5 × 10−4 per working level month (WLM) (14 × 10−5 per hm J/m3). LEAR values estimated using risk models derived from both miners and domestic exposure studies are in good agreement after accounting for factors such as sex, attained age, and exposure scenario. A sensitivity analysis highlighted the high dependence of background mortality rates on LEAR estimates. Using lung cancer rates among Euro-American males instead of the ICRP reference rates (males and females, and Euro-American and Asian populations), the estimated LEAR is close to 7 × 10−4 per WLM (20 × 10−5 per hm J/m3).

scholarly journals Lung cancer in French uranium miners: radon-associated risk at low exposure rate and modifying effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vacquier ◽  
A. Rogel ◽  
S. Caër ◽  
K. Leuraud ◽  
A. Acker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Uranium Miners ◽  
Low Exposure

scholarly journals Risk of fatal versus incidental lung cancer in radon-exposed rats: A reanalysis of French data

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Monchaux
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Uranium Miners ◽  
Cumulative Exposures ◽  
Dose Rate Effect

This review summarizes data on lung cancer risk from radon experimental studies performed by our group in France with emphasis on the most recent findings and analyses on the influence of dose-rate and that of fatal versus incidental tumors. A dose-effect relationship was established in rats, which was very similar for medium and high cumulative exposures, to that observed in uranium miners. At low cumulative exposures in the range of 0.18 Jhm-3 (50 WLM) to 0.36 Jhm-3 (100 WLM), the proportion of fatal lung cancer is about 80% that of total lung cancers. In contrast, at cumulative exposures of 0.72 Jhm-3 (200 WLM) and higher, the proportion of fatal lung cancer is about half that of total lung cancers. The parameters that influence fatal lung cancer risk are cumulative exposure, potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), exposure rate, and protraction of exposure. At high cumulative exposures up to 10.8 Jhm-3 (3,000 WLM), an inverse dose-rate effect similar to that observed in uranium miners was also found in rats. The inverse exposure- rate effect was observed mainly at the highest exposure-rates. In contrast, our recent results indicate that at relatively low cumulative exposures of 0.36 Jhm-3 (100 WLM), comparable to lifetime exposures in high-radon houses or current underground mining exposures, the risk of lung cancer in rats decreases with decreasing PAEC, i.e., exposure rate. These data suggest that the induction of lung cancer results from a complex inter- play between cumulative exposure and exposure rate, with an optimal combination of these two parameters that results in a maximum risk of lung cancer induction. They support the hypothesis that, at low doses, the risk of lung cancer is governed by the rate at which the dose is delivered, and not by the total cumulative dose alone. These data are also consistent with those of underground uranium miners showing an inverse dose-rate effect at high cumulative exposures, but an attenuation of this effect at cumulative exposures lower than 0.18 Jhm-3 (50 WLM). They support both an inverse dose-rate effect at high cumulative exposures, as well as its attenuation or disappearance at low cumulative exposures.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Prediction Models for Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients with Lung Cancer

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Ann-Rong Yan ◽  
Indira Samarawickrema ◽  
Mark Naunton ◽  
Gregory M. Peterson ◽  
Desmond Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ambulatory Patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of mortality in patients with lung cancer. Despite the availability of a wide range of anticoagulants to help prevent thrombosis, thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients is a challenge due to its associated risk of haemorrhage. As a result, anticoagulation is only recommended in patients with a relatively high risk of VTE. Efforts have been made to develop predictive models for VTE risk assessment in cancer patients, but the availability of a reliable predictive model for ambulate patients with lung cancer is unclear. We have analysed the latest information on this topic, with a focus on the lung cancer-related risk factors for VTE, and risk prediction models developed and validated in this group of patients. The existing risk models, such as the Khorana score, the PROTECHT score and the CONKO score, have shown poor performance in external validations, failing to identify many high-risk individuals. Some of the newly developed and updated models may be promising, but their further validation is needed.

Association between indicators of livestock farming intensity and hospitalization rate for acute gastroenteritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. FEBRIANI ◽  
P. LEVALLOIS ◽  
G. LEBEL ◽  
S. GINGRAS
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Livestock Density ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYTo evaluate associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity (manure surplus and livestock density) and acute gastroenteritis hospitalization (AGH) rate, we conducted an ecological study on 306 selected agricultural municipalities of Quebec. We estimated the AGH rate for the period 2000–2004 from the Quebec hospital database. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate the strength of association between the farming indicators and AGH with adjustment for confounders. The modifying effect of age and water source was also evaluated. Association between manure and AGH was observed in children, especially those aged 0–4 years for selected zoonotic infections [adjusted hospitalization rate ratio (aHRR) 1·93, 95% CI 1·21–3·09]. The risk ratio was higher for subjects using ground-water source. An increasing HRR trend with each additional level of poultry density was observed in children aged 0–4 years, especially forSalmonellainfections. We conclude that livestock farming intensity may be linked to bacterial acute gastroenteritis in children.

Soy Consumption with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danfei Lou ◽  
Yuehua Li ◽  
Guoliang Yan ◽  
Jianhong Bu ◽  
Haihui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Product Consumption

Background: The association of soy product consumption with the relative risk of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed at investigating whether an association exists between soy consumption and the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for case-control and cohort studies that assessed soy consumption and the risk of stroke and CHD. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% CIs were combined by using a random-effects model. Results: Of a total of 1,266 abstracts, 5 prospective cohort and 6 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria, and comprised 4,954 stroke and 7,616 CHD events. Based on the high vs. low analyses, combining cohort studies showed no association between soy intake and risk of stroke (SRR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70-1.10; Pheterogeneity = 0.236; I2 = 29.4%) or CHD (SRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.74-1.27; Pheterogeneity = 0.020; I2 = 62.7%), although a significantly inverse association between soy intake and the risk of stroke (SRR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.87; Pheterogeneity = 0.001; I2 = 79.3%) and CHD (SRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.56-0.77; Pheterogeneity = 0.421; I2 = 0) was observed in case-control studies. No association between soy isoflavone intake and the risk of stroke and CHD was identified. Conclusion: There was limited evidence to indicate that soy consumption was inversely associated with the risk of stroke and CHD, although further studies, with prospective designs that use validated questionnaires and control for important confounders, are warranted.

The risk and prognosis of secondary primary malignancy in lung cancer: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hong ◽  
Rongrong Wei ◽  
Chuang Nie ◽  
Anastasiia Leonteva ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Second Primary Malignancy ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Competing Risk Models

Aim: To assess and predict risk and prognosis of lung cancer (LC) patients with second primary malignancy (SPM). Methods: LC patients diagnosed from 1992 to 2016 were obtained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated to evaluate SPM risk. Cox regression and competing risk models were applied to assess the factors associated with overall survival, SPM development and LC-specific survival. Nomograms were built to predict SPM probability and overall survival. Results & conclusion: LC patients remain at higher risk of SPM even though the incidence declines. Patients with SPM have a better prognosis than patients without SPM. The consistency indexes for nomograms of SPM probability and overall survival are 0.605 (95% CI: 0.598–0.611) and 0.644 (95% CI: 0.638–0.650), respectively.

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