scholarly journals Neural correlates of cognitive bias modification for interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Kohei Sakaki ◽  
Takayuki Nozawa ◽  
Shigeyuki Ikeda ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Somatosensory Areas

Abstract The effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), a treatment method employed to reduce social anxiety (SA), has been examined. However, the neural correlates of CBM-I remain unclear, and we aimed to elucidate brain activities during intervention and activity changes associated with CBM-I effectiveness in a pre–post intervention comparison. Healthy participants divided into two groups (CBM, control) were scanned before, during and after intervention using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ambiguous social situations followed by positive outcomes were repeatedly imagined by the CBM group during intervention, while half of the outcomes in the control group were negative. Whole-brain analysis revealed that activation of the somatomotor and somatosensory areas, occipital lobe, fusiform gyrus and thalamus during intervention was significantly greater in the CBM than in the control group. Furthermore, altered activities in the somatomotor and somatosensory areas, occipital lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus during interpreting ambiguous social situations showed a significant group × change in SA interaction. Our result suggests that when facing ambiguous social situations, positive imagery instilled by CBM-I is recalled, and interpretations are modified to contain social reward. These findings may help to suggest an alternative manner of enhancing CBM-I effectiveness from a cognitive-neuroscience perspective.

scholarly journals Cognitive bias modification for interpretation training via smartphones for social anxiety in Chinese undergraduates

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204380871987527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiran Sun ◽  
Ranming Yang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiao ◽  
Chieh Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Social Anxiety ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates ◽  
Ambiguous Situations

To address the unmet need for treatment of social anxiety disorder in China, it is timely and relevant to identify more effective, accessible, economic, and easily disseminated interventions. The present study examined the effect of an eight-session program for cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I). Smartphones were used in the training of reducing interpretation bias and social anxiety of Chinese undergraduates with high social anxiety. In total, 38 participants were randomly assigned to either a CBM-I training group ( n = 19) or a control group ( n = 19). As a result, the CBM-I training group provided more positive interpretations in ambiguous situations and less social anxiety than the control group. Results indicate that CBM-I training via smartphones can effectively promote positive interpretations of ambiguous situations and relieve social anxiety. CBM-I via smartphones may have clinical utility when applied as a multisession intervention of social anxiety for Chinese undergraduates.

scholarly journals Online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation for Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Saeed Nasiry ◽  
◽  
Zahra Ameli ◽  
Pegah Pezeshki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bias Modification

Objective: Numerous children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) either have no access to its main treatment, i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or fail to respond to it. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBMI) is a novel and promising intervention that targets the incorrect interpretation of intrusive thoughts and impulses, i.e. the characteristics of OCD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CBMI in children with OCD for the first time. Besides, we evaluated the possibility of online implementation of this intervention. Methods: A sample of 35 children with OCD (aged 7-12 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. The experimental group (n=18) received CBMI and the controls (n=17) received placebo treatment. Interpretation bias and OCD severity were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up stages, using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCICV), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQCV), and Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST). The present study results were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test. Results: The collected findings demonstrated that after receiving CBMI, children’s propensity to positively interpret ambiguous situations was increased, their tendency towards negative interpretation and OCD severity was also decreased. There was no such significant change in the control group. Furthermore, the effects of CBMI was sustained at the 2-month follow-up step. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that suggests CBMI is capable of modifying interpretation bias in children with OCD, can reduce the severity of their disorder, and works as an online intervention. This brief and inexpensive intervention could be considered as an auxiliary or standalone treatment for OCD in children.

Examining Cognitive Bias Modification interventions for reducing food value and choice: Two pre-registered, online studies.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Masterton ◽  
Charlotte Hardman ◽  
Andrew Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Bias Modification

There is considerable interest in Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) as a potential treatment for overweight / obesity. Inhibitory Control Training (ICT) and Evaluative Conditioning (EC) are two popular paradigms which rely on associatively learned responses (unhealthy food -> inhibition, or unhealthy food-> negative stimulus, respectively) through repeated cue-response contingencies. Both ICT and EC have demonstrated some effectiveness for reducing food intake, value and / or choice, when administered in the laboratory and online. However, studies have been criticised for inconsistencies in design (e.g. use of inadequate control groups) which makes it difficult to draw robust conclusions. In two pre-registered, online studies our aim was to examine active ICT (study 1) and EC (study 2) in multiple groups where the cue->response contingencies were systematically varied (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%), before examining food-cue valuations and hypothetical food choice. In both studies varying the cue-> response contingencies did not lead to significant changes in food-cue devaluation following training. ICT did not substantially influence hypothetical food choice, whereas there was weak evidence that EC reduced choice for unhealthy foods, compared to a control group with 50% cue-response contingencies. Taken together both studies provide limited evidence for online CBM as a viable psychological treatment – at least through the mechanism of food-cue devaluation or changes in healthy and unhealthy food choice. Future research is needed to investigate the factors that contribute towards successful CBM training to critically evaluate the potential for these strategies within health interventions.

Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive bias modification for interpretation as an adjunctive treatment for OCD and related disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J Falkenstein ◽  
Kara N. Kelley ◽  
Devin Dattolico ◽  
Jennie M Kuckertz ◽  
Andreas Bezahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Bias Modification

Background: Cognitive models implicate interpretation bias in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), and research supports Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) in targeting this mechanism. However, prior studies in OCRDs have been limited to nonclinical populations, adolescents, and adults in a laboratory setting. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I as an adjunctive intervention during intensive/residential treatment (IRT) for adults with OCRDs.Method: We modified a lab-based CBM-I training for adults seeking IRT for OCRDs, and conducted a feasibility trial (N = 4) and subsequent pilot RCT; participants (N = 31) were randomized to receive CBM-I or psychoeducation.Results: Benchmarks were met for feasibility, acceptability, and target engagement. From pre- to post-intervention, the CBM-I group showed a large effect for change in interpretation bias (d = .90), whereas this effect was trivial (d = .06) for psychoeducation.Conclusions: This was the first study to evaluate CBM-I in naturalistic treatment for OCRDs. Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I in this novel sample and setting. A larger scale RCT is needed to determine whether CBM-I can enhance OCRD treatment response.

scholarly journals Inferences Training Affects Memory, Rumination, and Mood

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110098
Author(s):  
Baruch Perlman ◽  
Nilly Mor ◽  
Yael Wisney Jacobinski ◽  
Adi Doron Zakon ◽  
Noa Avirbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Shed Light

Making negative inferences for negative events, ruminating about them, and retrieving negative aspects of memories have all been associated with depression. However, the causal mechanisms that link negative inferences to negative mood and the interplay between inferences, rumination, and memory have not been explored. In the current study, we used a cognitive-bias modification (CBM) procedure to train causal inferences and assessed training effects on ruminative thinking, memory, and negative mood among people with varying levels of depression. Training had immediate effects on negative mood and rumination but not after recall of a negative autobiographical memory. Note that training affected memory: Participants falsely recalled inferences presented during the training in a training-congruent manner. Moreover, among participants with high levels of depression, training also affected causal inferences they made for an autobiographical memory retrieved after training. Our findings shed light on negative cognitive cycles that may contribute to depression.

scholarly journals Cognitive bias modification: Induced interpretive biases affect memory.

Emotion ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya B. Tran ◽  
Paula T. Hertel ◽  
Jutta Joormann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification
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