scholarly journals Social Neurobiology of Eating BOLD activity during emotion reappraisal positively correlates with dietary self-control success

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia U Maier ◽  
Todd A Hare
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Choice Tasks

Abstract We combined established emotion regulation and dietary choice tasks with fMRI to investigate behavioral and neural associations in self-regulation across the two domains in human participants. We found that increased BOLD activity during the successful reappraisal of positive and negative emotional stimuli was associated with dietary self-control success. This cross-task correlation was present in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex as well as the striatum. In contrast, BOLD activity during the food choice task was not associated with self-reported emotion regulation efficacy. These results suggest that neural processes utilized during the reappraisal of emotional stimuli may also facilitate dietary choices that override palatability in favor of healthfulness. In summary, our findings indicate that the neural systems supporting emotion reappraisal can generalize to other behavioral contexts that require reevaluation of rewarding stimuli and outcomes to promote choices that conform with the current goal.

scholarly journals BOLD activity during emotion reappraisal positively correlates with dietary self-control success

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia U. Maier ◽  
Todd A. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Choice Tasks

AbstractWe combined established emotion regulation and dietary choice tasks with fMRI to investigate behavioral and neural associations in self-regulation across the two domains in human participants. We found that increased BOLD activity during the successful reappraisal of positive and negative emotional stimuli was associated with dietary self-control success. This cross-task correlation was present in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex as well as the striatum. In contrast, BOLD activity during the food choice task was not associated with self-reported emotion regulation efficacy. These results suggest that neural processes utilized during the reappraisal of emotional stimuli may also facilitate dietary choices that override palatability in favor of healthfulness. In summary, our findings indicate that the neural systems supporting emotion reappraisal can generalize to other behavioral contexts that require reevaluation of rewarding stimuli and outcomes to promote choices that conform with the current goal.

scholarly journals Doing despite Disliking: Self–Regulatory Strategies in Everyday Aversive Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
Thomas Czikmantori ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Self Reports

We investigated the self–regulatory strategies people spontaneously use in their everyday lives to regulate their persistence during aversive activities. In pilot studies (pooled N = 794), we identified self–regulatory strategies from self–reports and generated hypotheses about individual differences in trait self–control predicting their use. Next, deploying ambulatory assessment ( N = 264, 1940 reports of aversive/challenging activities), we investigated predictors of the strategies’ self–reported use and effectiveness (trait self–control and demand types). The popularity of strategies varied across demands. In addition, people higher in trait self–control were more likely to focus on the positive consequences of a given activity, set goals, and use emotion regulation. Focusing on positive consequences, focusing on negative consequences (of not performing the activity), thinking of the near finish, and emotion regulation increased perceived self–regulatory success across demands, whereas distracting oneself from the aversive activity decreased it. None of these strategies, however, accounted for the beneficial effects of trait self–control on perceived self–regulatory success. Hence, trait self–control and strategy use appear to represent separate routes to good self–regulation. By considering trait– and process–approaches these findings promote a more comprehensive understanding of self–regulatory success and failure during people's daily attempts to regulate their persistence. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Selective REM-Sleep Suppression Increases Next-Day Negative Affect and Amygdala Responses to Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Glosemeyer ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann ◽  
Werner Cassel ◽  
Karl Kesper ◽  
Ulrich Koehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

AbstractHealthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, emotion regulation, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that REMS increases amygdala responses to experimental social exclusion, as well as negative affect on the morning following sleep deprivation. There was no evidence that emotional responses to experimentally induced social exclusion or their regulation using cognitive reappraisal were impacted by diminished REM sleep. Our findings indicate that general affect and amygdala activity depend on REM sleep, while specific emotional experiences possibly rely on additional psychological processes and neural systems that are less readily influenced by REMS.

scholarly journals Evidence accumulation, not “self-control,” explains why the dlPFC activates during normative choice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cendri A. Hutcherson ◽  
Antonio Rangel ◽  
Anita Tusche
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

AbstractWhat role do cognitive control regions like the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) play in normative behavior (e.g., generosity, healthy eating)? Some models suggest that dlPFC activation during normative choice reflects the use of control to overcome default hedonistic preferences. Here, we develop an alternative account, showing that an attribute-based neural drift diffusion model (anDDM) predicts trial-by-trial variation in dlPFC response across three fMRI studies and two self-control contexts (altruistic sacrifice and healthy eating). Using the anDDM to simulate a variety of self-control dilemmas generated a novel prediction: although dlPFC activity might typically increase for norm-consistent choices, deliberate self-regulation focused on normative goals should decrease or even reverse this pattern (i.e., greater dlPFC response for hedonic, self-interested choices). We confirmed these predictions in both altruistic and dietary choice contexts. Our results suggest that dlPFC’s response during normative choice may depend more on value-based evidence accumulation than inhibition of our baser instincts.

scholarly journals Doing Despite Disliking: Self-Regulatory Strategies in Everyday Aversive Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
Thomas Czikmantori ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Self Reports

We investigated the self-regulatory strategies people spontaneously use in their everyday lives to regulate their persistence during aversive activities. In pilot studies (pooled N = 794), we identified self-regulatory strategies from self-reports and generated hypotheses about individual differences in trait self-control predicting their use. Next, deploying ambulatory assessment (N = 264, 1940 reports of aversive/challenging activities), we investigated predictors of the strategies’ self-reported use and effectiveness (trait self-control, demand types). The popularity of strategies varied across demands. In addition, people higher in trait self-control were more likely to focus on the positive consequences of a given activity, set goals, and use emotion regulation. Focusing on positive consequences, focusing on negative consequences (of not performing the activity), thinking of the near finish, and emotion regulation increased perceived self-regulatory success across demands, whereas distracting oneself from the aversive activity decreased it. None of these strategies, however, accounted for the beneficial effects of trait self-control on perceived self-regulatory success. Hence, trait self-control and strategy use appear to represent separate routes to good self-regulation. By considering trait- and process-approaches, these findings promote a more comprehensive understanding of self-regulatory success and failure during people’s daily attempts to regulate their persistence.

Eating Disorders, Emotion Regulation, and Mentalization : Addressing the gap between Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Impact

Clarifying terminology in psychological science is crucial to develop suitable practices and improve treatment effectiveness. Objectives: To provide theoretical framework which integrates the scientific literature regarding the transdiagnostic dimensions in the eating disorders (ED) spectrum: self-agency, mentalization, self-control and self-regulation. In addition to introducing a newly developed eating and control style axis, (ECOSA), it focuses on better conceptualizing the complex interaction between eating style, control conditions, and the impact of the “emotional brain” versus the “thinking brain.” Methods: Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, were performed on April–May 2020 using the keywords Self agency or mentalization or reflective functioning or self-regulation or emotion regulation or self-control or self-agency and eating disorders. Results: There are numerous scientific literatures related to eating disorders. However, only two were related to all the dimensions discussed in this manuscript. Most reviews have focused on a single diagnostic category or two dimensions. Only, one study reported the results of mentalization-based treatment (MBT). ECOSA provides an example of a tool that may be used to promote self-agency in the management of eating disorders. Conclusion: To enhance perception of ownership over an effector (self-agency), clinicians need an instrument that assists in exploring the agent’s inner intentions. ECOSA may be used by all those who seek further clarity regarding the association between pathological eating behaviors, self-regulation and under- or over-c

scholarly journals Self-Control and Emotion Regulation Mediate the Impact of Karate Training on Satisfaction With Life

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktor Potoczny ◽  
Radoslawa Herzog-Krzywoszanska ◽  
Lukasz Krzywoszanski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
General Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity is an important determinant of a healthy lifestyle. Regular participation in sports-related activities contributes to the maintenance of good psychophysiological and social health. Long-term physical activity has a positive impact on subjective well-being and can reduce stress. Karate is a specific physical activity which focuses on self-regulation and self-development; therefore, it may reduce impulsivity and improve self-control. Good self-control is also related to satisfaction with life and well-being. The presented study aimed to examine the possible intermediate impact of self-control and emotion regulation on the relationship between karate training and satisfaction with life. Fifty-eight karate practitioners and fifty-nine control subjects participated in the research. The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale were applied in order to assess life satisfaction and the general level of self-control. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to assess suppression and reappraisal, both of which are distinct aspects of emotion regulation. The direct and indirect relationships between karate training and satisfaction with life were investigated using a linear regression model that included self-control, suppression and reappraisal as mediating variables. No direct effects of karate training on satisfaction with life were found, whereas karate training was indirectly associated with satisfaction with life via the indirect path that leads through self-control and reappraisal. This indicates that self-control and reappraisal fully mediate the impact of karate training on subjective well-being. Karate training can therefore play an important role in shaping volitional and personality characteristics, both of which contribute to increasing the well-being of trainees.

scholarly journals Pupil dilation predicts individual self-regulation success across domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia U. Maier ◽  
Marcus Grueschow
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Arousal System ◽  
Norepinephrine System ◽  
Individual Self

AbstractMultiple theories have proposed that increasing central arousal through the brain’s locus coeruleus—norepinephrine system may facilitate cognitive control and memory. However, the role of the arousal system in emotion regulation is less well understood. Pupil diameter is a proxy to infer upon the central arousal state. We employed an emotion regulation paradigm with a combination of design features that allowed us to dissociate regulation from emotional arousal in the pupil diameter time course of 34 healthy adults. Pupil diameter increase during regulation predicted individual differences in emotion regulation success beyond task difficulty. Moreover, the extent of this individual regulatory arousal boost predicted performance in another self-control task, dietary health challenges. Participants who harnessed more regulation-associated arousal during emotion regulation were also more successful in choosing healthier foods. These results suggest that a common arousal-based facilitation mechanism may support an individual’s self-control across domains.

scholarly journals Emotional Self-Regulation in Sport and Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Robazza ◽  
Montse C. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Performance

Emotions are multifaceted subjective feelings that reflect expected, current, or past interactions with the environment. They involve sets of interrelated psychological processes, encompassing affective, cognitive, motivational, physiological, and expressive or behavioral components. Emotions play a fundamental role in human adaptation and performance by improving sensory intake, detection of relevant stimuli, readiness for behavioral responses, decision-making, memory, and interpersonal interactions. These beneficial effects enhance human health and performance in any endeavor, including sport, work, and the arts. However, emotions can also be maladaptive. Their beneficial or maladaptive effects depend on their content, time of occurrence, and intensity level. Emotional self-regulation refers to the processes by which individuals modify the type, quality, time course, and intensity of their emotions. Individuals attempt to regulate their emotions to attain beneficial effects, to deal with unfavorable circumstances, or both. Emotional self-regulation occurs when persons monitor the emotions they are experiencing and try to modify or maintain them. It can be automatic or effortful, conscious or unconscious. The process model of emotion regulation provides a framework for the classification of antecedent- and response-focused regulation processes. These processes are categorized according to the point at which they have their primary impact in the emotion generative process: situation selection (e.g., confrontation and avoidance), situation modification (e.g., direct situation modification, support-seeking, and conflict resolution), attentional deployment (e.g., distraction, concentration, and mindfulness), cognitive change (e.g., self-efficacy appraisals, challenge/threat appraisals, positive reappraisal, and acceptance), and response modulation (e.g., regulation of experience, arousal regulation, and expressive suppression). In addition to the process model of emotion regulation, other prominent approaches provide useful insights to the study of adaptation and self-regulation for performance enhancement. These include the strength model of self-control, the dual-process theories, the biopsychosocial model, the attentional control theory, and the individual zones of optimal functioning model. Based on the latter model, emotion-centered and action-centered interrelated strategies have been proposed for self-regulation in sport. Within this framework, performers identify, regulate, and optimize their functional and dysfunctional emotions and their most relevant components of functional performance patterns.

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

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