scholarly journals Response of Densely Stocked Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) to Applied Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bekele ◽  
W.H. Hudnall ◽  
A.E. Tiarks
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Response Variables

Abstract Forest productivity may be enhanced by satisfying the nutrient requirement of trees through fertilization. A field experiment was designed to study the response of densely stocked 1-yr-old loblolly pine to nitrogen and phosphorus in the presence of applied K on a Beauregard silt loam soil (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults) of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The continuous function design with three replications was used. Fertilizer P rate was based on the P adsorption characteristics of the soil. After 1 yr of growth, the response variables: height; total aboveground dry matter; foliage and wood dry matter; diameter at ground level; and N, P, and K contents were related to the rate of N and P applied by quadratic models with response surface methodology. The lack-of-fit test showed that the quadratic model was adequate in explaining the relationship between N and P applied and all the response variables except height. Fertilization with N alone on this soil had a depressing effect on yield. Growth and nutrient uptake were enhanced when both N and P were applied. The predicted N and P levels that would give maximum growth were beyond the rates of N and P tested, indicating that more time should be given to observe the full response. South. J. Appl. For. 27(3):180–189.

scholarly journals Historical Patterns of Forest Fertilization in the Southeastern United States from 1969 to 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R. Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Based on historical forest fertilization survey records, over 16 million ac were fertilized in the southeastern United States from 1969 to 2004, with the peak forest fertilizer application in 1999, when 1.59 million ac were fertilized. The 1999 applications were largely on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.; 91%) in established stands (78%) and included both nitrogen and phosphorus, typically as urea and diammonium phosphate fertilizers, respectively. On a tonnage basis from 2000 to 2004, the average amount of forest-applied urea and diammonium phosphate represented 2.5% of those materials applied in the United States. The number of acres fertilized approximately doubled every 2 years from 1991 through 1999. This increase can be attributed to a shift in forest production interests to the southeastern United States at a time when research results were showing positive biological and economic responses to nitrogen and phosphorus applications in midrotation southern pine stands. Common application rates for nitrogen and phosphorus were 200 and 50 lb elemental nitrogen ac−1and 25 and 50 lb elemental phosphorus ac−1 for stands >2 years old and ≤2 years old, respectively. In 1994, application of elements other than nitrogen and phosphorus, including potassium, boron, and magnesium, began in response to newly available research results. Boron was applied to 30% of the total number of acres fertilized in 2004, likely because boron, when applied with urea, may reduce nitrogen volatilization.

Recovery of 1-year-old loblolly pine seedlings from simulated browse damage

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Shelton ◽  
Michael D Cain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Multiple Stems

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings are frequently browsed by a wide variety of animals during the first few years of their development. Although anecdotal observations indicate that the potential for seedling recovery is good, there is little quantitative information on the factors affecting the recovery process. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluate the effects of the extent and season of simulated browse damage on the recovery of 1-year-old loblolly pine seedlings under controlled conditions. Seedlings were clipped at five positions: at the midpoint between the root collar and cotyledons and so that 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the height between the cotyledons and the terminal remained after clipping. Clipping treatments were applied in two seasons: winter and spring. All seedlings clipped below the cotyledons died, confirming that dormant buds or lateral shoots are required for recovery. Survival of seedlings clipped above the cotyledons was 97% for winter clipping and 96% for spring clipping. Most of the seedling mortality (73%) was for seedlings with only 25% of their height remaining. Regression analysis revealed that second-year seedling size was positively affected by first-year size and percentage of remaining height after clipping and that seedlings clipped in winter were larger at 2 years than those clipped during spring. Logistic regression indicated a higher probability of multiple stems resulting from the more severe clipping treatments. Clipping season and severity also significantly affected the probability for tip moth (Rhyacionia spp.) damage, which occurred more frequently in the larger seedlings. Results suggest that planting seedlings deep, with the cotyledons just below ground level, may be an advantage in areas where browse damage is common.

scholarly journals Modeling Response to Midrotation Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization in Loblolly Pine Plantations

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Jiping Liu ◽  
Mark J. Ducey ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Models ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Data from a fertilizer response study in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations at different sites in the southeastern United States were used to develop response models for dominant height and basal area following midrotation nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Nonlinear regression models developed from the data predict total cumulative response as a function of the interaction of N and P application rates, drainage class of the site, stand conditions when fertilized, and time since fertilization. Stand variables that were found to be significant predictors of response included site index, age, basal area, number of surviving trees, and dominant height at fertilization. Dominant height response was significantly greater on poorly drained sites than on other sites. Basal area response to P was significantly less on poorly drained sites and significantly greater on well drained sites. These models can be coupled with unfertilized baseline models to estimate volume response to midrotation fertilization. South. J. Appl. For. 24(4):207-212.

scholarly journals A Consensus Map for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and Integration of Individual Linkage Maps From Two Outbred Three-Generation Pedigrees

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M Sewell ◽  
Bradley K Sherman ◽  
David B Neale
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was constructed from the integration of linkage data from two unrelated three-generation outbred pedigrees. The progeny segregation data from restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and isozyme genetic markers from each pedigree were recoded to reflect the two independent populations of parental meioses, and genetic maps were constructed to represent each parent. The rate of meiotic recombination was significantly greater for males than females, as was the average estimate of genome length for males {1983.7 cM [Kosambi mapping function (K)]} and females [1339.5 cM(K)]. The integration of individual maps allows for the synthesis of genetic information from independent sources onto a single consensus map and facilitates the consolidation of linkage groups to represent the chromosomes (n = 12) of loblolly pine. The resulting consensus map consists of 357 unique molecular markers and covers ∼1300 cM(K).

Long-term effects of stand density management and genotype on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the mid-South USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Thomas Hennessey ◽  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Scott Abbey ◽  
Ryan Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

scholarly journals Competition Effects on Growth and Crown Dimensions of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Mature, Natural-Origin, Pine–Hardwood Mixtures of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas, USA: A Neighborhood Analysis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bataineh ◽  
Ethan Childs
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Dimensions

The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to a changing environment and as forest management evolves to focus on maintaining and enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical to determine the effects of competition on shortleaf pine and its performance against loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the preferred planted replacement. We evaluate differences in shortleaf and loblolly pine 10 year mean basal area increment (BAI) and crown dimensions across a gradient of neighborhoods. Linear mixed-effects regression models were developed using BAI and several crown metrics as responses and crowding, competitor species abundance and identity, and initial size and species identity of focal tree as predictors. Crowding of focal trees negatively impacted BAI and crown size (p < 0.001, respectively). Although loblolly pine had three times higher BAI as compared to shortleaf pine within similar neighborhoods, BAI was variable, and the crowding effect did not differ between shortleaf and loblolly pine (p ranged from 0.51–0.99). Competitive impacts on focal trees did not differ by competitor identity (p ranged from 0.07–0.70). Distance-independent competition indices better explained the variation in BAI and horizontal crown metrics, while distance-dependent size ratios were more effective at evaluating vertical crown metrics. These findings highlight shortleaf pine competitive potential in mature, natural-origin stands and provide support for the restoration of pine–hardwood and hardwood–pine stratified mixtures as well as management of shortleaf pine at long rotations.

scholarly journals Loblolly Pine—Pushing the Limits of Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Borders ◽  
Robert L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract With mean annual increments up to 5.4 cords/ac/yr, six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) research sites in Georgia produced yields on par with other results from intensively managed loblolly plantations around the world. Cultural treatments in the Georgia study include complete control of vegetation other than the planted pines with multiple applications of herbicide, annual fertilization, the combination of complete vegetation control and annual fertilization, and an intensive mechanical site preparation treatment. Complete vegetation control resulted in higher yield production at ages 10 to 12 yr than the intensive mechanical treatment at all locations. This regime also resulted in higher yield production than the annual fertilization treatment at four of six locations. Volume mean annual increment for 10- to 12-yr-old plantations with the combination treatment of complete vegetation control and annual fertilization ranged from 325 to 490 ft3/ac, growth rates comparable to those obtained at other high biomass production areas throughout the world. Our economic evaluation based on these results shows that 8 to 12% real rates of return are feasible from investments in intensive loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. South. J. Appl. For. 25(2):69–74.

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