scholarly journals 210 Changes in Dream Recall During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations with Sleep, Stress and Dream Content

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A84-A85
Author(s):  
Chloe Wills ◽  
Kathryn Kennedy ◽  
Célyne Bastien ◽  
Perrine Ruby ◽  
William D S Killgore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Positive Content ◽  
Insomnia Severity ◽  
Sleep Control

Abstract Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have faced unprecedented events, which are often stressful. Stress has an important impact on dreams, and stress-induced sleep difficulties may also impact dream recall. The present study evaluated associations between sleep, stress and dream content on dream recall during the pandemic. Methods A sample of N=419 US adults completed online surveys about sleep and COVID-19 experiences. Participants were asked if they remember more, fewer or about the same amount of dreams as before the pandemic. They were also asked whether the pandemic was associated with more stress, a more regular schedule, improved sleep, worse sleep, more early insomnia, more middle-of-the-night insomnia, more sleepiness, and more naps. They also completed the Insomnia Severity Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Brief Index of Sleep Control, Assessment of Sleep Environment, GAD-7 anxiety scale, and PHQ9 depression scale. Multinomial logistic regressions examined correlates of increased or decreased recall (versus same), adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results Those who experienced greater schedule regularity were less likely to report decreased recall (RRR=0.50,p<0.0005), as were those who reported sleep improvement (RRR=0.48,p=0.006). Those whose sleep worsened were more likely to report both increased (RRR=1.64,p=0.003) and decreased (RRR=2.16,p<0.0005) recall. Those suffering maintenance insomnia were more likely to report both increased (RRR=1.70,p=0.001) and decreased (RRR=2.68,p<0.0005) recall, as did those who reported more daytime sleepiness (Increased RRR=1.57,p=0.006; Decreased RRR=1.94,p=0.001). Those whose dream content was more negative were more likely to report both increased (RRR=4.05,p<0.005) and decreased (RRR=3.35,p<0.0005) recall, as did those who reported less negative content (Increased RRR=4.20,p<0.0005; Decreased RRR=5.05,p<0.0005). Similarly, those who reported more positive dream content reported both increased (RRR=17.37,p<0.0005) and decreased (RRR=7.14,p=0.02) recall, as did those who reported less positive content (Increased RRR=4.49,p<0.0005; Decreased RRR=5.59,p<0.0005). Less recall was associated with greater insomnia severity (RRR=1.08,p=0.001), fatigue (RRR=1.04,p=0.001), sleepiness (RRR=1.09,p=0.01), COVID stress (RRR=1.67,p=0.03), anxiety (RRR=1.08,p=0.01), and depression (RRR=1.06,p=0.007), worse sleep environment (RRR=1.06,p=0.005), and less sleep control (RRR=0.56,p=0.001). Conclusion The results of this survey suggest that a sudden decrease in dream recall in reaction to a new stress could be considered as a pejorative indicator regarding sleep quality and mental health. Support (if any) R01MD011600, R01DA051321

The Swedish version of the Insomnia Severity Index: Factor structure analysis and psychometric properties in chronic pain patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dragioti ◽  
Tobias Wiklund ◽  
Peter Alföldi ◽  
Björn Gerdle
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Insomnia Severity

AbstractObjectiveInsomnia is the most commonly diagnosed comorbidity disorder among patients with chronic pain. This circumstance requests brief and valid instruments for screening insomnia in epidemiological studies. The main object of this study was to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Swedish version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The ISI is a short instrument designed to measure clinical insomnia and one of the most common used scales both in clinical and research practice. However there is no study in Sweden that guarantees neither its factor structure nor its feasibility in chronic pain patients. We further examined the measurement invariance property of the ISI across the two sexes.MethodsThe ISI was administered to 836 (269 men and 567 women) chronic pain patients from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. This study used demographic data, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Mental Summary Component (MSC) of the Health Survey (SF-36) and the item 7 from Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). The sample was divided into two random halves: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed in the first sample (N1 = 334, 40%) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second half of the sample (N2 = 502, 60%). The measurement and structural invariance of the proposed structure (4-item version) between the two sexes as well as reliability and validity indexes were further assessed.ResultsExploratory factor analysis using the principal axis factoring method generated one global factor structure for the ISI, explaining 63.1% of the total variance. The one factor solution was stable between the two sexes. Principal component analysis was also applied and indicated almost identical results. The structure was further assessed by CFA, resulting in an adequate fit only after omitting three items. The difference on structural and measurement invariance in the loadings by participants’ sex was not significant (Δχ2 = 10.6; df = 3; p = .69 and Δχ2 = 2.86; df = 3; p = 41 respectively). The shorter version four-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-4) was analysed further. The Chronbach’s alpha for the global ISI-4 score was 0.88. The construct validity of the ISI-4 was also supported by the, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mental Summary Component of quality of life and quality of sleep data. Pain intensity was significantly associated with the ISI-4 score (beta = .29, p < 001) whereas no significant correlation between four-item Insomnia Severity Index score and age was observed (p > 05).Conclusions and implicationsAlthough short, the four-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-4) version seemed to effectively assess insomnia in chronic pain patients. An important clinical implication is that the four-item Swedish Insomnia Severity Index can be used in chronic pain cohorts when screening for insomnia problems. Its measurement and structural invariance property across the two sexes shows that the ISI-4 is a valid measure of the insomnia across groups of chronic patients. Our results also suggest its utility both in pain clinical practice and research purposes.

scholarly journals Interpreting softmax predictions of sleep stage classification models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Huijben ◽  
Lieke WA Hermans ◽  
Allessandro C Rossi ◽  
Sebastiaan Overeem ◽  
Merel M van Gilst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Stage Classification ◽  
Sleep Stage Classification ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Insomnia Severity

<div>We used a dataset of nocturnal PSG recordings, collected as part of the Healthbed study, which main aim was development of technologies for sleep analyses. The dataset includes one clinical video-PSG recording for each subject, made according to the AASM recommendations in Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze, the Netherlands. The study included 96 (60 females) healthy subjects, with an age between 18 and 64. The exclusion criteria were: 1) any diagnosed sleep disorder, 2) a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >= 6, or Insomnia Severity Index > 7, 3) indication of depression or anxiety disorder measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (score > 8), 4) pregnancy, shift work, use of any medication except for birth control medicine, and 5) presence of clinically relevant neurological or psychiatric disorders or other somatic disorders that could influence sleep.</div>

scholarly journals Interpreting softmax predictions of sleep stage classification models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Huijben ◽  
Lieke WA Hermans ◽  
Allessandro C Rossi ◽  
Sebastiaan Overeem ◽  
Merel M van Gilst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Stage Classification ◽  
Sleep Stage Classification ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Insomnia Severity

<div>We used a dataset of nocturnal PSG recordings, collected as part of the Healthbed study, which main aim was development of technologies for sleep analyses. The dataset includes one clinical video-PSG recording for each subject, made according to the AASM recommendations in Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze, the Netherlands. The study included 96 (60 females) healthy subjects, with an age between 18 and 64. The exclusion criteria were: 1) any diagnosed sleep disorder, 2) a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >= 6, or Insomnia Severity Index > 7, 3) indication of depression or anxiety disorder measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (score > 8), 4) pregnancy, shift work, use of any medication except for birth control medicine, and 5) presence of clinically relevant neurological or psychiatric disorders or other somatic disorders that could influence sleep.</div>

Frequency and characteristics of drowsiness, somnolence, or daytime sleepiness in patients with advanced cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Yennurajalingam ◽  
Srikanth Reddy Barla ◽  
Joseph Arthur ◽  
Gary B. Chisholm ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Insomnia Severity

AbstractIntroductionCancer-related drowsiness (CRD) is a distressing symptom in advanced cancer patients (ACP). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with severity of CRD. We also evaluated the screening performance of Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-drowsiness (ESAS-D) item against the Epworth Sedation Scale (ESS).MethodWe prospectively assessed 180 consecutive ACP at a tertiary cancer hospital. Patients were surveyed using ESAS, ESS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale.ResultNinety of 150 evaluable patients had clinically significant CRD (ESS); median (interquartile ratio): ESS. 11 (7–14); ESAS-D. 5 (2–6); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. 8 (5–11); Insomnia Severity Index. 13 (5–19); Stop Bang Scoring 3 (2–4), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-D 6 (3–10). ESAS-D was associated with ESAS (r, p) sleep (0.38, &lt;0.0001); pain (0.3, &lt;0.0001); fatigue (0.51, &lt;0.0001); depression (0.39, &lt;0.0001); anxiety (0.44, &lt;0.0001); shortness of breath (0.32, &lt;0.0001); anorexia (0.36, &lt;0.0001), feeling of well-being [(0.41, &lt;0.0001), ESS (0.24, 0.001), and opioid daily dose (0.19, 0.01). Multivariate-analysis showed ESAS-D was associated with fatigue (odds ratio [OR] = 9.08, p &lt; 0.0001), anxiety (3.0, p = 0.009); feeling of well-being (OR = 2.27, p = 0.04), and insomnia (OR = 2.35; p = 0.036). Insomnia (OR = 2.35; p = 0.036) cutoff score ≥3 (of 10) resulted in a sensitivity of 81% and 32% and specificity of 70% and 44% in the training and validation samples, respectively.Significance of resultsClinically significant CRD is frequent and seen in 50% of ACP. CRD was associated with severity of insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, and worse feeling of well-being. An ESAS-D score of ≥3 is likely to identify most of the ACP with significant CRD.

scholarly journals 0236 Team-Based Athletes Sleep Less Than Individual Athletes, But Do Not Report More Insomnia or Fatigue

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A91-A91
Author(s):  
M A Clay ◽  
A Athey ◽  
J Charest ◽  
A Auerbach ◽  
R W Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Severity Index Score ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction Collegiate student-athletes face challenges balancing academics and athletics, and getting an adequate amount of sleep is one factor that can assist in sustaining an elite level of play. Team-based sports may present with systematically different sets of demands. Methods Data were obtained at the start of the academic semester from N=189 NCAA Division-1 athletes from a wide range of sports. The sample was 46% female. Individuals were classified as playing in a team sport (e.g., football, basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball) or an individual sport (e.g., swimming, track, golf). Sleep-related outcomes included self-reported sleep duration and sleep latency, frequency of sleeping pill use (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often), Insomnia Severity Index score, and Fatigue Severity Scale score. Regression analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Results In adjusted analyses, team-based athletes reported 22.4 minutes less sleep than individual athletes (95%CI -42.8,-1.9; p&lt;0.05). They also reported 5.6 less minutes of sleep latency (95%CI -10.8,-0.3; p&lt;0.05). More frequent sleeping pill use was also reported (oOR=0.96; 95%CI: 0.26,1.67; p=0.007). They did not report any differences in insomnia or daytime fatigue levels. Conclusion These results suggest that even though team-based athletes may not report more sleep complaints or daytime complaints, they may be at increased risk for less sleep and more sleep medication. Further work is needed to identify the sources of these differences to guide interventions. Support The REST study was funded by an NCAA Innovations grant. Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600

scholarly journals 0544 Reconsidering Stimulus Control: Activities in Bed Associated with Sleep-Related Outcomes

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A208-A208
Author(s):  
S Phan ◽  
M L Perlis ◽  
L Hale ◽  
C Branas ◽  
W D Killgore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction The typical advice is that in order to avoid insomnia, people should avoid activities in bed other than sleep. Yet, activities such as reading and watching TV in bed are common. Methods Data were obtained from the Sleep and Health Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) Study, N=1,007 adults age 22-60. Sleep hygiene was assessed using items from the Sleep Practices and Attitudes Questionnaire (SPAQ), which asked whether respondents agree/disagree that they do the following in bed: Read, Watch TV, Eat, Work, Worry, and/or Argue. These were analyzed in relation to Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score, and self-reported sleep duration (TST), sleep latency (SL), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Covariates included age, sex, education, and income. Results Those that frequently engaged in activities were: reading (75%), watching TV (63%), eating (42%), working (32%), worrying (82%), and arguing (23%). Reading was associated with less WASO (B=-14min, p=0.02). Watching TV was associated with higher ISI (B=1.22, p=0.04), PSQI (B=1.04, p=0.007), and ESS (B=0.87, p=0.049), and less TST (B=-0.29, p=0.04). Eating was associated with higher ISI (B=1.75, p=0.01), PSQI (B=1.23, p=0.008), and FSS (B=4.36, p=0.002). Working was associated with higher ISI (B=1.82, p=0.019), PSQI (B=1.65, p=0.001), and ESS (B=1.78, p=0.002). Worrying was associated with higher ISI (B=7.34, p&lt;0.0005), PSQI (B=4.40, p&lt;0.0005), ESS (B=2.53, p=0.001), FSS (B=9.51, p&lt;0.0005), and SL (B=19.39, p&lt;0.0005), and less TST (B=-0.55, p=0.023). Arguing was associated with higher ISI (B=3.78, p&lt;0.0005), PSQI (B=3.15, p&lt;0.0005), ESS (1.47, p=0.023), and SL (B=10.97, p=0.013), and lower TST (B=-0.71, p=0.001). Conclusion Individuals who perform mentally distressing activities such as worrying and arguing experience especially worse sleep, and those who read in bed have fewer awakenings. Support The SHADES study was funded by R21ES022931. Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600.

scholarly journals A Novel Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach to Adult Non-rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O'Regan ◽  
Alexander Nesbitt ◽  
Nazanin Biabani ◽  
Panagis Drakatos ◽  
Hugh Selsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Background: Following the success of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for insomnia, there has been a growing recognition that similar treatment approaches might be equally beneficial for other major sleep disorders, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias. We have developed a novel, group-based, CBT-program for NREM parasomnias (CBT-NREMP), with the primary aim of reducing NREM parasomnia severity with relatively few treatment sessions.Methods: We investigated the effectiveness of CBT-NREMP in 46 retrospectively-identified patients, who completed five outpatient therapy sessions. The outcomes pre- and post- CBT-NREMP treatment on clinical measures of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), NREM parasomnias (Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), were retrospectively collected and analyzed. In order to investigate the temporal stability of CBT-NREMP, we also assessed a subgroup of 8 patients during the 3 to 6 months follow-up period.Results: CBT-NREMP led to a reduction in clinical measures of NREM parasomnia, insomnia, and anxiety and depression severities [pre- vs. post-CBT-NREMP scores: P (Insomnia Severity Index) = 0.000054; P (Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale) = 0.00032; P (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) = 0.037]. Improvements in clinical measures of NREM parasomnia and insomnia severities were similarly recorded for a subgroup of eight patients at follow-up, demonstrating that patients continued to improve post CBT-NREMP.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that group CBT-NREMP intervention is a safe, effective and promising treatment for NREM parasomnia, especially when precipitating and perpetuating factors are behaviorally and psychologically driven. Future randomized controlled trials are now required to robustly confirm these findings.

scholarly journals P205 Influencing factors of Sleep quality in patients with Crohn’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
M Sabbah ◽  
H Jlassi ◽  
N Bellil ◽  
D Trad ◽  
A Ouakaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Background Sleep is considered vital for the health and quality of life of individuals. Recently, studies have suggested that sleep disturbances are common in people with Crohn’s disease (CD) and in the majority of cases are related to disease activity.The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia in patients with CD and to identify the influencing factors. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study including patients with CD followed in the department between July and August 2020 was carried out. Epidemiological and clinical data have been collected. Self-report questionnaires were given to patients. Insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) which provides a valid index of the overall severity of insomnia. A score between 0 and 7 indicates the absence of insomnia; between 8 and 14 a mild infra-clinical insomnia; between 15 and 21 moderate clinical insomnia, and between 22 and 28 severe insomnia. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire which is a scale of 14 items rated from 0 to 3. Seven questions are related to anxiety and seven to depression. Fatigue was screened for using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) which has 9 questions rated from one to seven. Significant fatigue was defined by a score greater than or equal to 5.5. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21 software (p significant if less than 0.05). Results Thirty two patients with a mean age of 38.28 years [18–60 years] and a sex ratio equal to 1 were enrolled. Mean duration of the disease was 10.56 years [1–40 years]. At the time of inclusion, the average Harvey Bradshaw (HAB) score was 5.14 [1–14]. Mean insomnia score was 12.62 [0–26]. The insomnia severity index showed mild insomnia in 4 patients (12.5%), moderate insomnia in 7 patients (22%) and severe insomnia in 8 patients (25%). The HADS score revealed obvious depression in 19% of patients, doubtful depression in 25% of patients. 56% of patients had no symptoms of depression. Likewise, anxiety was objectified in 22% of patients and doubtful anxiety in 37% of patients. 41% of patients had no symptoms of anxiety. The mean fatigue score was 3.75 ± 1.9 [range 1–9]. A fatigue score greater than or equal to 5.5 was observed in 3 cases (9%). A significant positive correlation was found between the insomnia severity score and the depression score (r = 0.4, p = 0.035) as well as the fatigue severity score (r: 0.36, p = 0.04). Conclusion Our study shows that insomnia is very common in patients with CD. The factors associated with these sleep disturbances were depression and fatigue. Gastroenterologist and psychologist should join forces to evaluate emotional as well as sleep disturbances for a better global CD management.

scholarly journals Sleep Environment and Insomnia in Elderly Persons Living at Home

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Desaulniers ◽  
Sophie Desjardins ◽  
Sylvie Lapierre ◽  
Alain Desgagné
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Insomnia Severity

The aim of this study was to draw a portrait of the sleep environment of elderly persons living in private households and to determine its relationship with the presence of insomnia. A sample of 599 individuals aged 70 years and older responded to questions about the comfort of their pillow and mattress and the noise level and brightness of their bedroom at night and in the morning. They were also asked whether or not they shared their bed or bedroom with a sleep partner. The Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess insomnia severity. Over 40% of the study participants were using a pillow that was not very comfortable, and almost 30% said that their bedroom was not completely quiet. Binomial logistic regression results revealed that two variables were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms: a pillow rated as moderately comfortable to very uncomfortable and a bedroom that was not completely quiet. No other sleep environment characteristics considered in this study were associated with the risk of insomnia. These results indicate that a nonnegligible proportion of the elderly population endures a suboptimal sleep environment. Although it is difficult to predict the real impact of changes to the sleep environment, this study supports the proposal that simple, minor changes to the bedroom can promote sleep in the elderly.

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