scholarly journals Spontaneous slow oscillation - slow spindle features predict induced overnight memory retention

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Dehnavi ◽  
Ping Chai Koo-Poeggel ◽  
Maryam Ghorbani ◽  
Lisa Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Slow Oscillation ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Study Objectives Synchronization of neural activity within local networks and between brain regions is a major contributor to rhythmic field potentials such as the EEG. On the other hand, dynamic changes in microstructure and activity are reflected in the EEG, for instance slow oscillation (SO) slope can reflect synaptic strength. SO-spindle coupling is a measure for neural communication. It was previously associated with memory consolidation, but also shown to reveal strong inter-individual differences. In studies, weak electric current stimulation has modulated brain rhythms and memory retention. Here we investigate whether SO-spindle coupling and SO slope during baseline sleep are associated with (predictive of) stimulation efficacy on retention performance. Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects participated in three experimental sessions. Sleep-associated memory consolidation was measured in two sessions, in one anodal transcranial direct current stimulation oscillating at subjects individual SO frequency (so-tDCS) was applied during nocturnal sleep. The third session was without a learning task (baseline sleep). The dependence on SO-spindle coupling and SO-slope during baseline sleep of so-tDCS efficacy on retention performance were investigated. Results Stimulation efficacy on overnight retention of declarative memories was associated with nesting of slow spindles to SO trough in deep non-rapid eye movement baseline sleep. Steepness and direction of SO slope in baseline sleep were features indicative for stimulation efficacy. Conclusions Findings underscore a functional relevance of activity during the SO up-to-down state transition for memory consolidation and provide support for distinct consolidation mechanisms for types of declarative memories.

036 The Effect of Exercise on Sleep Architecture and Memory Consolidation during a Daytime Nap

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A16-A16
Author(s):  
Megan Collins ◽  
Erin Wamsley ◽  
Hailey Napier ◽  
Madeline Ray
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Slow wave sleep (SWS) is thought to especially benefit declarative memory (i.e., memory for facts and events). As such, recent studies have used various methods to experimentally increase the amount of slow wave sleep that participants obtain, with the goal of assessing how SWS affects declarative memory consolidation. Studies dating back decades have reported that exercising before sleep may increase time spent in SWS. Thus, the aim of the current project was to determine whether exercising after learning verbal information enhances slow wave sleep during a subsequent nap and/or enhances memory for verbal information. Methods Participants who exercised regularly were recruited to attend two 2.5hr laboratory sessions. During each session, they trained on a paired associates learning task and then completed either a 20min cardiovascular exercise routine or a 20min stretching routine. Following a 1hr nap opportunity, participants were tested on their memory. PSG was recorded during the nap, and scored following AASM criteria. Participants were excluded from analysis if they failed to sleep for at least 10 min. Following exclusions, n=30 participants were included in analysis. Results Contrary to our hypotheses, there was no significant difference between the exercise and stretching conditions for minutes spent in slow wave sleep (p=.16), % time spent in slow wave sleep (p=.22), or raw improvement in paired associated performance (p=.23). The amount of SWS obtained during the nap did not correlate with performance in either condition (SWS min vs. memory in exercise condition: r28=.10, p=.60; sleep condition: r28=-.06, p=.74). Exercise did not affect time spent in any other sleep stage, nor did it affect total sleep time. Conclusion Contrary to our hypotheses and the results of prior research, we were unable to detect a significant effect of exercise on slow wave sleep. Also contrary to our hypotheses, exercise did not affect memory retention across the nap interval. These null results could indicate that there is no effect of exercise on nap sleep and/or associated memory retention. However, it could also be that we lacked sufficient power to detect effects that were smaller than expected. Support (if any):

scholarly journals No evidence for intra-individual correlations between sleep-mediated declarative memory consolidation and slow-wave sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Jasmin Cordi ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Study Objectives Memory consolidation benefits from a retention period filled with sleep. Several theoretical accounts assume that slow-wave sleep (SWS) contributes functionally to processes underlying the stabilization of declarative memories during sleep. However, reports on correlations between memory retention and the amount of SWS are mixed and typically rely on between-subject correlations and small sample sizes. Here we tested for the first time whether the amount of SWS during sleep predicts the effect of sleep on memory consolidation on an intra-individual level in a large sample. Methods One hundred and fifty-nine healthy participants came to the lab twice and took a 90 min nap in both sessions. Sleep-mediated memory benefits were tested using the paired associates word-learning task in both sessions. Results In contrast to the theoretical prediction, intra-individual differences in sleep-mediated memory benefits did not significantly correlate with differences in SWS or SWA between the two naps. Also between subjects, the amount of SWS did not correlate with memory retention across the nap. However, subjective ratings of sleep quality were significantly associated with the amount of SWS. Conclusion Our results question the notion that the amount of SWS per se is functionally related to processes of memory consolidation during sleep. While our results do not exclude an important role of SWS for memory, they suggest that “more SWS” does not necessarily imply better memory consolidation.

scholarly journals The Overnight Retention of Novel Metaphors Associates With Slow Oscillation–Spindle Coupling but Not With Respiratory Phase at Encoding

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Halonen ◽  
Liisa Kuula ◽  
Minea Antila ◽  
Anu-Katriina Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Slow Oscillation ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Respiratory Phase ◽  
Local Nature ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Accumulating evidence emphasizes the relevance of oscillatory synchrony in memory consolidation during sleep. Sleep spindles promote memory retention, especially when occurring in the depolarized upstate of slow oscillation (SO). A less studied topic is the inter-spindle synchrony, i.e. the temporal overlap and phasic coherence between spindles perceived in different electroencephalography channels. In this study, we examined how synchrony between SOs and spindles, as well as between simultaneous spindles, is associated with the retention of novel verbal metaphors. Moreover, we combined the encoding of the metaphors with respiratory phase (inhalation/exhalation) with the aim of modulating the strength of memorized items, as previous studies have shown that inhalation entrains neural activity, thereby benefiting memory in a waking condition. In the current study, 27 young adults underwent a two-night mixed-design study with a 12-h delayed memory task during both sleep and waking conditions. As expected, we found better retention over the delay containing sleep, and this outcome was strongly associated with the timing of SO–spindle coupling. However, no associations were observed regarding inter-spindle synchrony or respiratory phase. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the importance of SO–spindle coupling for memory. In contrast, the observed lack of association with inter-spindle synchrony may emphasize the local nature of spindle-related plasticity.

scholarly journals Delayed Benefits from Spaced Training When Learning a Precision Throwing Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Antonino Casabona ◽  
Luciano Lombardo ◽  
Matteo Cioni ◽  
Maria Stella Valle
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Retention Session ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Extensive Practice

Spaced training produces gains in performance associated with memory consolidation, which develops between sessions (offline gain). Learning motor skills that require many repetitions may generate a delay in memory formation and in offline gain. We tested the presence of this delay by studying a precision throwing task. Sixteen participants performed 1020 underarm precision throws distributed over four sessions. Eight participants spaced the training by 40-min between-session intervals, while the remaining subjects distributed the practice with 1-day intervals. Memory retention was tested 15 days after training. Differences in accuracy over groups, sessions, directions of throwing movements and blocks of throws were evaluated by analysis of variance. The 40-min group had better performance than the 1-day group after the first two sessions. As the level of skill stabilized, the 1-day group exhibited offline gains, with significant performance improvements during the fourth and retention session. Both medial-lateral and antero-posterior movement directions of throwing contributed to the performance. Initial decrements in performance appeared within sessions for both groups. Overall, when learning a precision throwing task, benefits from spaced training is delayed and occurs as the skill stabilizes. These findings may help to optimize training distribution schedules, particularly for precision motor skills requiring extensive practice.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Seizures on Procedural Memory Performance in Patients with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Frank J. van Schalkwijk ◽  
Walter R. Gruber ◽  
Laurie A. Miller ◽  
Eugen Trinka ◽  
Yvonne Höller
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Memory complaints are frequently reported by patients with epilepsy and are associated with seizure occurrence. Yet, the direct effects of seizures on memory retention are difficult to assess given their unpredictability. Furthermore, previous investigations have predominantly assessed declarative memory. This study evaluated within-subject effects of seizure occurrence on retention and consolidation of a procedural motor sequence learning task in patients with epilepsy undergoing continuous monitoring for five consecutive days. Of the total sample of patients considered for analyses (N = 53, Mage = 32.92 ± 13.80 y, range = 18–66 y; 43% male), 15 patients experienced seizures and were used for within-patient analyses. Within-patient contrasts showed general improvements over seizure-free (day + night) and seizure-affected retention periods. Yet, exploratory within-subject contrasts for patients diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 10) showed that only seizure-free retention periods resulted in significant improvements, as no performance changes were observed following seizure-affected retention. These results indicate general performance improvements and offline consolidation of procedural memory during the day and night. Furthermore, these results suggest the relevance of healthy temporal lobe functioning for successful consolidation of procedural information, as well as the importance of seizure control for effective retention and consolidation of procedural memory.

scholarly journals Dreaming of a Learning Task Is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin J. Wamsley ◽  
Matthew Tucker ◽  
Jessica D. Payne ◽  
Joseph A. Benavides ◽  
Robert Stickgold
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Learning Task

scholarly journals Methods for Assessment of Memory Reactivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2175-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhao Liu ◽  
Andres D. Grosmark ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Weighted Distance ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Statistical Dependency ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Robust Statistical Methods ◽  
Population Decoding

It has been suggested that reactivation of previously acquired experiences or stored information in declarative memories in the hippocampus and neocortex contributes to memory consolidation and learning. Understanding memory consolidation depends crucially on the development of robust statistical methods for assessing memory reactivation. To date, several statistical methods have seen established for assessing memory reactivation based on bursts of ensemble neural spike activity during offline states. Using population-decoding methods, we propose a new statistical metric, the weighted distance correlation, to assess hippocampal memory reactivation (i.e., spatial memory replay) during quiet wakefulness and slow-wave sleep. The new metric can be combined with an unsupervised population decoding analysis, which is invariant to latent state labeling and allows us to detect statistical dependency beyond linearity in memory traces. We validate the new metric using two rat hippocampal recordings in spatial navigation tasks. Our proposed analysis framework may have a broader impact on assessing memory reactivations in other brain regions under different behavioral tasks.

scholarly journals Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. 7272-7277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N. Whitehurst ◽  
Nicola Cellini ◽  
Elizabeth A. McDevitt ◽  
Katherine A. Duggan ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Remote Associates Test ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Good Sleep ◽  
Variance Explained

Throughout history, psychologists and philosophers have proposed that good sleep benefits memory, yet current studies focusing on the relationship between traditionally reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show contradictory findings. This discrepancy suggests that there are events occurring during sleep that have not yet been considered. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages. Also, increases in ANS activity during waking, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been correlated with memory improvement. However, the role of ANS in sleep-dependent memory consolidation has never been examined. Here, we examined whether changes in cardiac ANS activity (HRV) during a daytime nap were related to performance on two memory conditions (Primed and Repeated) and a nonmemory control condition on the Remote Associates Test. In line with prior studies, we found sleep-dependent improvement in the Primed condition compared with the Quiet Wake control condition. Using regression analyses, we compared the proportion of variance in performance associated with traditionally reported sleep features (model 1) vs. sleep features and HRV during sleep (model 2). For both the Primed and Repeated conditions, model 2 (sleep + HRV) predicted performance significantly better (73% and 58% of variance explained, respectively) compared with model 1 (sleep only, 46% and 26% of variance explained, respectively). These findings present the first evidence, to our knowledge, that ANS activity may be one potential mechanism driving sleep-dependent plasticity.

scholarly journals Hebbian plasticity in parallel synaptic pathways: A circuit mechanism for systems memory consolidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009681
Author(s):  
Michiel W. H. Remme ◽  
Urs Bergmann ◽  
Denis Alevi ◽  
Susanne Schreiber ◽  
Henning Sprekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Hebbian Plasticity ◽  
Mathematical Analyses

Systems memory consolidation involves the transfer of memories across brain regions and the transformation of memory content. For example, declarative memories that transiently depend on the hippocampal formation are transformed into long-term memory traces in neocortical networks, and procedural memories are transformed within cortico-striatal networks. These consolidation processes are thought to rely on replay and repetition of recently acquired memories, but the cellular and network mechanisms that mediate the changes of memories are poorly understood. Here, we suggest that systems memory consolidation could arise from Hebbian plasticity in networks with parallel synaptic pathways—two ubiquitous features of neural circuits in the brain. We explore this hypothesis in the context of hippocampus-dependent memories. Using computational models and mathematical analyses, we illustrate how memories are transferred across circuits and discuss why their representations could change. The analyses suggest that Hebbian plasticity mediates consolidation by transferring a linear approximation of a previously acquired memory into a parallel pathway. Our modelling results are further in quantitative agreement with lesion studies in rodents. Moreover, a hierarchical iteration of the mechanism yields power-law forgetting—as observed in psychophysical studies in humans. The predicted circuit mechanism thus bridges spatial scales from single cells to cortical areas and time scales from milliseconds to years.

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