scholarly journals Impact of sow lactation feed intake on the growth and suckling behavior of low and average birthweight pigs to 10 weeks of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-665
Author(s):  
Samuel J Hawe ◽  
Nigel Scollan ◽  
Alan Gordon ◽  
Elizabeth Magowan
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Foster Mother ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Improved genetics in commercial pig production have resulted in larger litter sizes. However this has increased the prevalence of compromised pigs exhibiting inferior birthweights, weaning weights, and lifetime performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased sow lactation feed intake on growth of low and average birthweight piglets until 10 wk of age. Low (Low BW; <1 kg) and average (Av BW; 1.3–1.7 kg) birthweight animals were reared in uniformly weighted litters comprising 14 piglets on a foster mother offered either a low (Low FA; max 7.5 kg/d) or high (High FA; max 11 kg/d) feed allowance over a 28- ± 1-d lactation. Piglet performance was monitored from birth until 10 wk of age. Sows offered a High FA consumed 42.4 kg more feed on average than those offered Low FA, resulting in a greater derived milk yield (P < 0.05). Animals of Av BW remained heavier than Low BW pigs throughout the trial (P < 0.05). Piglets reared by High FA sows were heavier at weeks 3, 4, 5, and 7 (P < 0.05) but not week 10 (P > 0.05). Growth rate of piglets relative to their birthweight was significantly greater for Low BW piglets than those of Av BW during lactation (P < 0.001). Piglets reared by sows offered a High FA expressed greater relative growth preweaning (P < 0.05); however, postweaning relative growth for piglets reared on sows offered a Low FA was greater (P < 0.05) suggesting compensatory growth. Neither birthweight nor sow feed allowance significantly affected preweaning mortality (P > 0.05). However, Low BW animals on sows with a High FA recorded half the preweaning mortality of Low BW pigs on sows with a Low FA. During week 1 of lactation, Av BW litters recorded a greater total suckling duration compared to Low BW litters (P < 0.05) but there was no difference in suckling frequency (P > 0.05). During week 3 of lactation, High FA litters displayed a significantly lower suckling frequency (P < 0.05) yet a greater total suckling duration (P < 0.001). Average daily gain was greater for Av BW pigs during weeks 4–7 (P < 0.001) but no difference was recorded between weeks 7 and 10 (P > 0.05). Average daily feed intake was greater for Av BW pigs throughout the nursery period (P < 0.05) but feed–conversion ratio did not differ compared to Low BW pens (P>0.05). In conclusion, offering sows a High FA increased weaning weight of all animals; however, birthweight was the major determinant of postweaning performance.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perlakuan Sexing terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Berat Badan, dan Konversi Pakan Ayam Ras Pedaging di Kandang Semi Closed House

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daily Gain

The purpose of this study was to test and evaluate feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of male and female broilers with a separate maintenance treatment (sexing) in semi-closed house cages. The study was conducted at Joni Farm, Tegineneng Subdistrict, Pesawaran District. The type of research used was experimental research comparing the performance of male and female broilers that were kept separately (sexing) at the age of 12 days to 30 days. Experimental broilers used during research were 94 male and 94 female Lohmann. The variables observed in this study were male and female broiler on feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR). Based on the results of statistical analysis showed sexing has a significant effect on ADG and FCR. Sexing had no effect on feed intake. The average feed intake of male broiler chicken feed was 128.12 grams, while the consumption of female broiler was 120.00 grams. Average daily gain (ADG) of male broiler was higher than female broiler , ADG male broiler were 75.61 grams, while ADG female broiler were 66.28 grams. FCR of female broilers was 1.77 wich higher than male broilers was 1.57. Keywords: Average Daily Gain, Feed Convertion, Feed Intake, Sexing Chicken Broiler

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DAN RUMPUT LAUT DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, SERTA KOMPOSISI KARKAS DAN NON KARKAS KELINCI

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mustafidah Udkhiyati
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
All Treatment

<p><span><em>The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of utilization of palm oil and seaweed in diet on </em><span><em>abbit growth and carcass-non carcass composition. Twenty eight male Flemish Giant rabbits (the </em><span><em>average age were 5 months) with average initial weight 1560±212 g were used in this research. All </em><span><em>rabbits were randomly classified in four treatment in rations, they were R1 (control treatment = 0% palm </em><span><em>oil+0% seaweed), R2 (5% palm oil+0% seaweed), R3 (0% palm oil+5% seaweed), R4 (2.5% palm </em><span><em>oil+2.5% seaweed). Each treatment consists of seven replications. Individual cages (size 40x30x30 cm</em><span><em>3</em><span><em>) </em><span><em>were used. The animals were reared during 40 days. All collected data were analyzed by One Way </em><span><em>nova. The results showed that feed intake (gBK/rabbit/day) of all treatment groups were not significantly </em><span><em>different. Meanwhile, the feed intake (gBK/BW) of R4 significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) than others, they were </em><span><em>R1 = 55.80±5.36 g, R2 = 55.20±8.04 g, R3 = 50.17±4.26 g, R4 = 46.25±2.21 g. Average daily gain of all </em><span><em>treatment groups were not significantly different. Feed conversion ratio of all treatment groups were also </em><span><em>not significantly different, they were R1 = 9.20±3.35, R2 = 6.40±1.67, R3 = 7.17±2.23 and R4 = 8.75±4.03. </em><span><em>It is concluded that the utilization of palm oil and seaweed did not affect the feed consumption, average </em><span><em>daily gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass-non carcass composition.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key word: Average daily gain, Carcass, Feed conversion ratio, Feed intake, Palm oil, Seaweed)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals Supplementation effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) meal in ration on male local rabbit performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
M. RIFAT ◽  
Y.B.P. SUBAGYO ◽  
WARA PRATITIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Daily Gain

Rifat M, Subagyo YBP, Pratitis W. 2008. Supplementation effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) meal in ration on male local rabbit performance. Biofarmasi 6: 58-63. Rabbit was the alternative livestock which could be used to fulfill the increasing demand of animal protein. The meat of rabbit has smooth structure, shape and color as chicken meat, with protein which higher than cattle, sheep and pork, and also low cholesterol. To increase rabbit productivity, it could be reached by giving temulawak meal as additive feed which could stimulate stomach depletion and a passion to eat. This research aimed to determine the supplementation effect of temulawak meal (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) in ration on male local rabbit performance. It was held in Gulon village, Jebres district of Surakarta regency since November 28th, 2007 until January 8th, 2008. This research used 24 male local rabbits with average body weight 727.79±97.3 grams divided into four treatments and six replications, each replication consisted of a rabbit. The diets included rendeng (peanut tree) and concentrate with a ration of 70:30. The treatments were P0 (70% rendeng and 30% concentrate) as control diet, P1 (control diet + 2% temulawak meal), P2 (control diet + 4% temulawak meal), and P3 (control diet + 6% temulawak meal). Variable measured were feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and feed cost per gain. Data from the research result was analyzed with a variance analysis based on a completely randomized design with one-way classification. The results showed that the average of four treatments (P0, P1, P2 and P3) in series for feed intake were 51.89; 53.85; 50.02 and 55.57 (gram/head/day), average daily gain were 6.41; 6.21; 4.86 and 6.03 (gram/head/day), feed conversion ratio were 9.22; 8.83; 11.21 and 9.44, and feed cost per gain were Rp31.63; Rp32.18; Rp41.90 and Rp36.19. Variance analysis result was not significant (P≥0.05). Based on the results, it could be concluded that temulawak meal supplementation in ration did not effect on male local rabbit performance.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of a live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in fattening pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
J. MAVROMATIS (Ι. ΜΑΥΡΟΜΜΑΤΗΣ) ◽  
S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) ◽  
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
A. TSINAS (Α. ΤΣΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
S. C. KYRIAKIS (Σ.K. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
European Isolate ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fattening Pigs

In this study, a live vaccine based on an European isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (Porcilis PRRS, Intervet) virus has been tested in order to determine the protection of fattening pigs against the respiratory form of the syndrome under field conditions. Ten thousand pigs in an infected farm were vaccinated against PRRS virus at the age of 6 weeks and were compared to non-vaccinated pigs with respect to their health status, mortality, performance parameters (average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio) and the presence of specific pathogens in their lungs. The results have shown that treated pigs became less frequently sick and have demonstrated reduced mortality compared to untreated ones. As compared to non-vaccinated animals, PRRSvaccinated pigs also performed in a better way with respect to feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) and average daily gain (P<0.05), while feed intake was similar for both groups (P>0.05). Bacteriological examinations of the lungs have revealed increased incidence of respiratory bacterial infection in untreated pigs compared to treated ones. Also a tendency for faster antibody response was detected in the vaccinées. Finally, no clinical side effects were observed after the administration of the vaccine. The results of the present study show that immunization with Porcilis PRRS (Intervet) does protect fattening pigs against the respiratory manifestations of PRRS.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Insects in Feed on Poultry Growth Performances

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Nassim Moula ◽  
Johann Detilleux
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Daily Gain

We investigated and summarized results from studies evaluating the effects of feeding poultry with insects on their growth performances. After a systematic review of studies published since 2000, two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each one based on predefined inclusion criteria. We extracted information on the study design, insects, avian species, and growth performances, i.e., average daily gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Next, we estimated pooled differences between performances of poultry fed a diet with vs. without insects through random-effects meta-analysis models. Additionally, these models evaluated the effects of potential sources of heterogeneity across studies. Of the 75 studies reviewed, 41 met the inclusion criteria and included 174 trials. With respect to diets without insects, pooled differences in growth performances were statistically not different from the null, but heterogeneity was marked across studies. Average daily gain decreased with increasing inclusion rates of insects, going below the null for rates of 10% and more. Grasshoppers were negatively associated with the average daily gain and positively associated with feed intake. The country of publication was another source of heterogeneity across publications. Overall, our results show insects should substitute only partially conventional protein sources and not be grasshoppers to guarantee the appropriate growth of birds.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Pakan Baki (CFT) dan Baby Chick Feeder (BCF) terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Berat Badan Harian dan Konversi Pakan pada Ayam Ras Pedaging

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Iwan
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feed media on feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. The research method used in this study is the experimental method, which is the type of research used to find the effect of certain treatment against others in controlled conditions. This research was conducted on poultry breeding farm at Company Farm. The division was located in Pembagian village, Tanjung Bintang Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency. This study was carried out for 18 days from broiler aged 0 to 18 days. Method of data collection used in this research using instrument that is observation sheet to get feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and total weight. The data obtained were analyzed by using independent sample t-test test with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that feed media used had a significant effect on feed conversion, but no significant effect on feed intake and average daily gain (ADG). The feed conversion in broiler maintained with Baby Chick Feeder (BCF) was better than Chick Feeder Tray (CFT). Feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) of broiler chickens maintained with Baby Chick Feeder (BCF) was similar to feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) of broiler maintained with Chick Feeder Tray (CFT). Keywords: Average Daily Gain, Baby Chick Feeder, Chick Feeder Tray, Feed Intake, Feed Conversion Ratio

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Berat Badan Harian dan Feed Conversion Ratio pada Ayam Ras Pedaging

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samlawi Samlawi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Broiler Feed

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feeding frequency on feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in broiler. The research method used in this study is the experimental method, which is the type of research used to find the effect of certain treatment against others in controlled conditions. This research was conducted on poultry breeding farm at Company Farm. Method of data collection used in this research using instrument that is observation sheet to get feed intake, average daily gain, and FCR. The data obtained were analyzed by using independent sample t-test test with SPSS version 17. 00 software. The feeding method did not affect feed intake, ADG and FCR. The average intake of chicken feed maintained by using the method of feeding 2 times was 59.33 g lower than using the method of feeding 3 times, namely 59.41 g. The ADG by feeding method 2 times was 45.29 g, while by feeding method 3 times was 46,21 g. The value of FCR method of feeding 3 times is 1,286, meaning that to produce 1 kg of meat requires 1,286 kg of feed. While the value of chicken FCR on feeding method 2 times is 1,311, that means to produce 1 kg of meat requires as much as 1,311 kg of feed. Keywords: Average Daily Gain, Broiler, Feed Intake, Feed Conversion Ratio

Daily methane emissions and emission intensity of grazing beef cattle genetically divergent for residual feed intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Velazco ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
D. J. Cottle ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion

As daily methane production (DMP; g CH4/day) is strongly correlated with dry matter intake (DMI), the breeding of cattle that require less feed to achieve a desired rate of average daily gain (ADG) by selection for a low residual feed intake (RFI) can be expected to reduce DMP and also emission intensity (EI; g CH4/kg ADG). An experiment was conducted to compare DMP and EI of Angus cattle genetically divergent for RFI and 400-day weight (400dWT). In a 6-week grazing study, 64 yearling-age cattle (30 steers, 34 heifers) were grazed on temperate pastures, with heifers and steers grazing separate paddocks. Liveweight (LW) was monitored weekly and DMP of individual cattle was measured by a GreenFeed emission monitoring unit in each paddock. Thirty-nine of the possible 64 animals had emission data recorded for 15 or more days, and only data for these animals were analysed. For these cattle, regression against their mid-parent estimated breeding value (EBV) for post-weaning RFI (RFI-EBV) showed that a lower RFI-EBV was associated with higher LW at the start of experiment. Predicted dry matter intake (pDMI), predicted DMP (pDMP) and measured DMP (mDMP) were all negatively correlated with RFI-EBV (P < 0.05), whereas ADG, EI, predicted CH4 yield (pMY; g CH4/kg DMI) were not correlated with RFI-EBV (P > 0.1). Daily CH4 production was positively correlated with animal LW and ADG (P < 0.05). The associations between ADG and its dependent traits EI and pMY and predicted feed conversion ratio (kg pDMI/kg ADG) were strongly negative (r = –0.82, –0.57 and –0.85, P < 0.001) implying that faster daily growth by cattle was accompanied by lower EI, MY and feed conversion ratio. These results show that cattle genetically divergent for RFI do not necessarily differ in ADG, EI or pMY on pasture and that, if heavier, cattle with lower RFI-EBV can actually have higher DMP while grazing moderate quality pastures.

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