scholarly journals Auditory brainstem responses in weaning pigs and three ages of sows1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1416-1422
Author(s):  
Nichole Chapel Anderson ◽  
Stephanie A Thomovsky ◽  
Jeffrey R Lucas ◽  
Tokiko Kushiro-Banker ◽  
John Scott Radcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Extensive Body

Abstract Piglet crushing is a devastating welfare concern on swine farms; however, some sows appear unresponsive to a piglet’s call. Sow hearing ability is rarely considered despite the extensive body of research performed on crushing. In this study, pigs of four age groups (weaning, n = 7; gilts, n = 5; 2nd and 3rd parity, n = 5; 5th parity and up, n = 5) were anesthetized and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were performed to measure if pig hearing diminishes with age in a mechanically ventilated barn. Before testing, pigs were placed in a sound dampening box. ABRs were performed on animals using 1,000 clicks at two decibel (dB) levels: 90 and 127 dB sound pressure level. Latencies and amplitudes of waves I–V were measured and interpeak latencies for waves I–III, III–V, and I–V were calculated. Five pigs (three 2nd and 3rd parity, and two 5th parity and above) had no detectable waves at either decibel. Sows in 2nd and 3rd parities had very few distinguishable waves, with only wave I and II present in two sows. Amplitudes of waves I and V increased with increased dB (P < 0.001). Increasing dB decreased the latency of each of the recorded waves (P < 0.01). The vast majority of commercial swine are raised in noisy barn environments; it is possible that these environments directly affect the ability for pigs to hear and normal hearing development in this population of animals. Hearing has a significant effect on swine welfare as hearing is integral to successful animal handing and during moments of animal-to-animal communication. Hearing is a considerable welfare issue on farms and ways to decrease pig hearing loss should be considered.

scholarly journals Cochlear Synaptopathy: A Primary Factor Affecting Speech Recognition Performance in Presbycusis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Yanmei Zhang ◽  
Junbo Zhang ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Zhen Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Summating Potential

The results of recent animal studies have suggested that cochlear synaptopathy may be an important factor involved in presbycusis. Therefore, here, we aimed to examine whether cochlear synaptopathy frequently exists in patients with presbycusis and to describe the effect of cochlear synaptopathy on speech recognition in noise. Based on the medical history and an audiological examination, 94 elderly patients with bilateral, symmetrical, sensorineural hearing loss were diagnosed as presbycusis. An electrocochleogram, auditory brainstem responses, auditory cortical evoked potentials, and speech audiometry were recorded to access the function of the auditory pathway. First, 65 ears with hearing levels of 41-50 dB HL were grouped based on the summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) ratio, and the amplitudes of AP and SP were compared between the two resulting groups. Second, 188 ears were divided into two groups: the normal SP/AP and abnormal SP/AP groups. The speech recognition abilities in the two groups were compared. Finally, the relationship between abnormal electrocochleogram and poor speech recognition (signal-to-noise ratio loss ≥7 dB) was analyzed in 188 ears. The results of the present study showed: (1) a remarkable reduction in the action potential amplitude was observed in patients with abnormal SP/AP ratios; this suggests that cochlear synaptopathy was involved in presbycusis. (2) There was a large proportion of patients with poor speech recognition in the abnormal SP/AP group. Furthermore, a larger number of cases with abnormal SP/AP ratios were confirmed among patients with presbycusis and poor speech recognition. We concluded that cochlear synaptopathy is not uncommon among elderly individuals who have hearing ability deficits, and it may have a more pronounced effect on ears with declining auditory performance in noisy environments.

scholarly journals Hearing Ability of Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M New ◽  
Ben-Zheng Li ◽  
Tim Lei ◽  
Elizabeth A McCullagh
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Binaural Hearing ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Hearing Range

Hearing ability of mammals can be impacted by many factors including social cues, environment, and physical properties of animal morphology. Despite being used commonly to study social behaviors, the hearing ability of the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has never been fully characterized. In this study, we measure morphological head and pinna features and use auditory brainstem responses to measure hearing ability of prairie voles characterizing monaural and binaural hearing and hearing range. Additionally, we measured unbonded male and female voles to characterize differences due to sex. We found that prairie voles have intermediate hearing ability with an optimal hearing range of 8 to 32 kHz, robust binaural hearing ability, and characteristic monaural ABRs. We show no differences between the sexes for binaural hearing or hearing range, however female voles have increased amplitude of peripheral ABR waves I and II and increased latency of wave IV. Our results confirm that prairie voles have both low and high frequency hearing, binaural hearing capability, and despite biparental care and monogamy, differences in processing of sound information between the sexes. These data further highlight the necessity to understand sex-specific differences in neural processing that may underly variability in behavioral responses between sexes.

scholarly journals Hearing and hunting in red bats (Lasiurus borealis, Vespertilionidae): audiogram and ear properties.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
M K Obrist ◽  
J J Wenstrup
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Relative Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Axis ◽  
Localization And Tracking

We examined aspects of hearing in the red bat (Lasiurus borealis) related to its use of biosonar. Evoked potential audiograms, obtained from volume-conducted auditory brainstem responses, were obtained in two bats, and the sound pressure transformation of the pinna was measured in three specimens. Field-recorded echolocation signals were analysed for comparison. The fundamental sonar search calls sweep from 45 to 30 kHz (peak energy at 35 kHz), approach-phase calls sweep from 65 to 35 kHz (peak 40 kHz) and terminal calls sweep from 70 to 30 kHz (peak 45 kHz). The most sensitive region of the audiogram extended from 10 kHz to 45-55 kHz, with maximum sensitivity as low as 20 dB SPL occurring between 25 and 30 kHz. A relative threshold minimum occurred between 40 and 50 kHz. With increasing frequency, the acoustic axis of the pinna moves upwards and medially. The sound pressure transformation was noteworthy near 40-45 kHz; the acoustic axis was closest to the midline, the -3 dB acceptance angles showed local minima, and the pinna gain and interaural intensity difference were maximal. These results are related to the known echolocation and foraging behavior of this species and match the spectral components of approach- and final-phase calls. We conclude that co-evolution with hearing prey has put a higher selective pressure on optimizing localization and tracking of prey than on improving detection performance.

scholarly journals Developmental plasticity of hearing sensitivity in red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Wang ◽  
Handong Li ◽  
Tongliang Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Jianguo Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Changes

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity of hearing sensitivity (DPHS) has been verified in some groups of vertebrates. Turtles face a trade-off between terrestrial and aquatic hearing in different acoustic environments throughout ontogeny. However, how chelonian hearing sensitivity changes throughout ontogeny is still unclear. To verify DPHS in turtles, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were compared using hearing thresholds and latencies in female red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) aged 1 week, 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years, and the results showed hearing sensitivity bandwidths of approximately 200–1100, 200–1100, 200–1300, and 200–1400 Hz, respectively. The lowest threshold sensitivity was approximately 600□Hz. Below 600 Hz, ABR threshold decreased rapidly with increasing age (1 week to 1 year), with significant differences between age groups, but no significant difference between the 1- and 5-year age groups (stimulus frequency, 200–600 Hz). Above 600 Hz, ABR threshold was the lowest in the 5-year age group. These findings show that aging was accompanied by hearing sensitivity changes, suggesting rapid, frequency-segmented development during ontogeny. This variability in hearing sensitivity differs from that reported in other vertebrates, and allows adaptation to acoustically distinct environments throughout ontogeny. Our findings further elucidate the developmental patterns of the vertebrate auditory system.

scholarly journals Applicability of subcortical EEG metrics of synaptopathy to older listeners with impaired audiograms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Garrett ◽  
Sarah Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Noise Floor ◽  
Age Related

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that cochlear synaptopathy is a common feature of sensorineural hearing loss, but it is not known whether electrophysiological metrics targeting synaptopathy in animals can be applied to a broad range of people, such as those with impaired audiograms. This study investigates the applicability of subcortical electrophysiological measures associated with synaptopathy such as auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and envelope following responses (EFRs) in older participants with high-frequency sloping audiograms. This is important for the development of reliable and sensitive synaptopathy diagnostics in people with normal or impaired outer-hair-cell function. Broadband click-ABRs at different sound pressure levels and EFRs to amplitude-modulated stimuli were recorded, as well as relative EFR and ABR metrics which reduce individual factors such as head size and noise floor level. Most tested metrics showed significant differences between the groups and did not always follow the trends expected from synaptopathy. Audiometric hearing loss and age-related hearing related deficits interacted to affect the electrophysiological metrics and complicated their interpretation in terms of synaptopathy. This study contributes to a better understanding of how electrophysiological synaptopathy metrics differ in ears with healthy and impaired audiograms, which is an important first step towards unravelling the perceptual consequences of synaptopathy.

Auditory Brainstem Responses from Children Three Months to Three Years of Age

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Gorga ◽  
Jan R. Kaminski ◽  
Kathryn L. Beauchaine ◽  
Walt Jesteadt ◽  
Stephen T. Neely
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Neural Factors ◽  
Interaural Differences ◽  
Interpeak Latency ◽  
Age Range

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured in 535 children from 3 months to 3 years of age. The latencies reported in this paper should be unaffected by peripheral hearing loss because each child had bilateral wave V responses at 20 dB HL n . Wave V latencies decreased as age increased, at least to 18 months of age, while little or no change was noted in wave I latencies over the same age range. Thus, interpeak latency differences followed the same developmental time course as wave V. The shapes of wave V latency-level functions were comparable across age groups. These results suggest that changes in wave V latency with age are due to central (neural) factors and that age-appropriate norms should be used in evaluations of ABR latencies in children. Interaural differences in absolute wave V latencies and interpeak latency differences were similar to those observed in infants and adults, indicating that response symmetry is independent of age. Statistical analyses suggested that the distributions of absolute and relative latency measurements are normal, making it possible to describe norms in terms of means and standard deviations. A simple model is described that accounts accurately for changes in mean wave V latencies as function of age from preterm through the first three years of life.

The Effect of Kalman-Weighted Averaging and Artifact Rejection on Residual Noise During Auditory Brainstem Response Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Linda W. Norrix ◽  
Julie Thein ◽  
David Velenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Residual Noise ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Artifact Rejection ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Active Motor ◽  
Averaging Time

Purpose Low residual noise (RN) levels are critically important when obtaining electrophysiological recordings of threshold auditory brainstem responses. In this study, we examine the effectiveness and efficiency of Kalman-weighted averaging (KWA) implemented on the Vivosonic Integrity System and artifact rejection (AR) implemented on the Intelligent Hearing Systems SmartEP system for obtaining low RN levels. Method Sixteen adults participated. Electrophysiological measures were obtained using simultaneous recordings by the Vivosonic and Intelligent Hearing Systems for subjects in 2 relaxed conditions and 4 active motor conditions. Three averaging times were used for the relaxed states (1, 1.5, and 3 min) and for the active states (1.5, 3, and 6 min). Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to examine RN levels as a function of noise reduction strategy (i.e., KWA, AR) and averaging time. Results Lower RN levels were obtained using KWA than AR in both the relaxed and active motor states. Thus, KWA was more effective than was AR under the conditions examined in this study. Using KWA, approximately 3 min of averaging was needed in the relaxed condition to obtain an average RN level of 0.025 μV. In contrast, in the active motor conditions, approximately 6 min of averaging was required using KWA. Mean RN levels of 0.025 μV were not attained using AR. Conclusions When patients are not physiologically quiet, low RN levels are more likely to be obtained and more efficiently obtained using KWA than AR. However, even when using KWA, in active motor states, 6 min of averaging or more may be required to obtain threshold responses. Averaging time needed and whether a low RN level can be attained will depend on the level of motor activity exhibited by the patient.

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

Comparisons of Auditory Brainstem Responses Between a Laboratory and Simulated Home Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3877-3892
Author(s):  
Ashley Parker ◽  
Candace Slack ◽  
Erika Skoe
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Simulated Home Environment ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Research Populations ◽  
Response Consistency

Purpose Miniaturization of digital technologies has created new opportunities for remote health care and neuroscientific fieldwork. The current study assesses comparisons between in-home auditory brainstem response (ABR) recordings and recordings obtained in a traditional lab setting. Method Click-evoked and speech-evoked ABRs were recorded in 12 normal-hearing, young adult participants over three test sessions in (a) a shielded sound booth within a research lab, (b) a simulated home environment, and (c) the research lab once more. The same single-family house was used for all home testing. Results Analyses of ABR latencies, a common clinical metric, showed high repeatability between the home and lab environments across both the click-evoked and speech-evoked ABRs. Like ABR latencies, response consistency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were robust both in the lab and in the home and did not show significant differences between locations, although variability between the home and lab was higher than latencies, with two participants influencing this lower repeatability between locations. Response consistency and SNR also patterned together, with a trend for higher SNRs to pair with more consistent responses in both the home and lab environments. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining high-quality ABR recordings within a simulated home environment that closely approximate those recorded in a more traditional recording environment. This line of work may open doors to greater accessibility to underserved clinical and research populations.

Referrals for Auditory Brainstem Responses—Compliance of Otoneurological Patients

Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalini Tsiakou ◽  
Thomas Nikolopoulos ◽  
Olga Papadopoulou ◽  
Maria Theodosiou ◽  
Sotirios Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses
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