scholarly journals Integrated optimization of multiproduct multiperiod transportation and inventory under a carbon cap constraint for online retailers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaorong Cheng ◽  
Yijun Li
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
Cost Increase ◽  
Online Retailers

Abstract This study aims to solve the problem of multiproduct multiperiod integrated transportation and inventory optimization for online retailers. A carbon cap constraint and multitype of capacitated trucks are simultaneously incorporated into the proposed mixed-integer program. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is designed. CPLEX 12.9.0 is used to solve the submodel obtained from the neighbourhood search and is also used to get the optimal solutions for instances. Experimental results show that the simulated annealing algorithm can find satisfactory solutions within a reasonable time. When the problem size increases, the growth of the computational time of the SA algorithm is significantly smaller than that of the CPLEX. A sensitivity analysis for the carbon cap is also conducted. The results indicate that if the carbon cap is gradually tightened, the total cost increases first with a gentle slope, and then with a remarkable slope, same as for the total number of trucks used; the total carbon emissions first decrease with a gentle slope, and then decline with a significant slope. When the carbon cap is strict, only a few different types of trucks will be considered. The percentage changes of the total cost increase and the total carbon emission reduction are also compared. When the allowed carbon emissions are gradually reduced, situation of a higher amount of carbon emission reduction and a lower amount of cost increase can be achieved. Additionally, using multiple types of trucks in the integrated optimization of transportation and inventory decisions can achieve greater cost savings with lower increments of carbon emission.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Kaitong Xu ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Driving Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Gaohang Cao ◽  
Hanbin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction

Xinjiang production and Construction Corps (XPCC) is an important provincial administration in China and vigorously promotes the construction of industrialization. However, there has been little research on its emissions. This study first established the 1998-2018 XPCC subsectoral carbon emission inventory based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carbon emission inventory method and adopted the logarithmic mean Divisia indexmethod (LMDI) model to analyze the driving factors. The results revealed that from 1998 to 2018, the total carbon emissions in the XPCC increased from 6.11 Mt CO2 in 1998 to 115.71 Mt CO2 in 2018. For the energy structure, raw coal, coke and industrial processes were the main contributors to carbon emissions. For industrial structure, the main emission sectors were the production and supply of electric power, steam and hot water, petroleum processing and coking, raw chemical materials and chemical products, and smelting and pressing of nonferrous metals. In addition, the economic effect was the leading factor promoting the growth of the corps carbon emissions, followed by technical and population effects. The energy structure effect was the only factor yielding a low emission reduction degree. This research provides policy recommendations for the XPCC to formulate effective carbon emission reduction measures, which is conducive to the construction of a low-carbon society. Moreover, it is of guiding significance for the development of carbon emission reduction actions for the enterprises under the corps and provides a reference value for other provincial regions.

scholarly journals The Study of the Impact of Carbon Finance Effect on Carbon Emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region—Based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Jian Hou ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Wenbo Chao
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Finance ◽  
The Impact

The negative effects of global warming are becoming more and more serious. The fundamental way to prevent global warming is by reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Achieving this has become a key concern for all countries. The logarithmic mean divisia index model was constructed to decompose the total carbon emission increment. Carbon finance effect was divided into green credit effect and carbon trading effect to analyze the impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions. The results showed that the total carbon emission reduction value caused by green credit effect from 2010 to 2016 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 66193.96 million tons, and the added value of carbon emission caused by carbon trading effect was 80266.68 million tons. There are regional differences in the effects of carbon finance on carbon emissions in these regions. It can be concluded that to a certain extent, green credit can reduce carbon emissions, and carbon trading can increase carbon emissions. Using the gradual expansion of carbon finance trading and market mechanism of carbon finance to solve the problem of carbon emission can improve the efficiency of carbon emission reduction.

scholarly journals Optimal Decisions for Two Risk-Averse Competitive Manufacturers under the Cap-and-Trade Policy and Uncertain Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Sun ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Government

With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent task for all countries. The cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has gained international recognition and has been adopted by several countries. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of market demand, we discuss the carbon emission reduction and price policies of two risk-averse competitive manufacturers under the C&T policy. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: simultaneous decision making and sequential decision making. Two models were constructed for these behaviors. The optimal decisions, carbon emission reduction rate, and price were obtained from these two models. Furthermore, in this paper the effects of some key parameters on the optimal decision are discussed, and some managerial insights are obtained. The results show that the lower the manufacturers’ risk aversion level is, the higher their carbon emission reduction rate and utilities. As the carbon quota increases, the manufacturers’ optimal carbon reduction rate and utilities increase. Considering consumers’ environmental awareness, it is more beneficial for the government to reduce the carbon quota and motivate manufacturers’ internal enthusiasm for emission reduction. The government can, through macro control of the market, make carbon trading prices increase appropriately and encourage manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Multi-Perspective Influence Mechanism Analysis and Multi-Scenario Prediction of Carbon Emissions——A Case of the Yangtze River Delta, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Tao Yi ◽  
Mohan Qiu ◽  
Zhengang Zhang ◽  
Song Mu ◽  
Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Under the mandatory push of meeting carbon emission reduction commitments proposed in the Paris Agreement, the analysis on the peaking time of China’s carbon emissions deserves enough attention. This paper focuses on the peaking times of total carbon emissions (TCE) and carbon emission intensity (CEI) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). According to the development of carbon emissions in YRD and related targets in the 13th Five-Year Plan, the peaking times of TCE and CEI in different scenarios are predicted based on the influence mechanism analysis of carbon emissions in YRD from the perspective of energy, economy and society. Considering the development characteristics of China at this stage, this paper introduces several new indicators such as full-time equivalent of research and development (R&D) personnel and investment in environmental pollution control. Based on the study results, several policy recommendations are put forward to fulfil China’s carbon emission reduction commitments.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy for Energy Users in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuquan Zhao ◽  
Feiqi Liu ◽  
Han Hao ◽  
Zongwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Cost

The Chinese government has made a commitment to control carbon emissions, and the deployment of renewable energy power generation is considered as an effective solution. In recent years, great effort has been exerted to support the development of renewable energy in China. While, due to fiscal pressures and changes in management policies, related subsidies are diminishing now and energy users are asked to pay for the cost. Regulations about carbon cap and renewable energy consumptions are issued to transfer the responsibility of consuming renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions to energy consumers. A national carbon trading system is set up in China and is under its growth stage. Therefore, this study lists the factors that should be considered by the energy users, analyzes the levelized cost of electricity generated by renewable energy in four cities in China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and compares the results with current carbon prices. Based on the research, under the current status, it is still more cost-efficient for enterprises to buy carbon credits than introduce renewable energies, and great differences among cities are shown due to different natural conditions. Besides, with diminishing subsidies and development of the carbon trading market, the carbon price will gradually reflect the actual value and carbon emission reduction costs will become an important part of enterprise expenditure. In the long term, enterprises should link more factors to carbon emissions, like social responsibility and brand image, instead of only the cost.

scholarly journals Optimizing Urban Distribution Routes for Perishable Foods Considering Carbon Emission Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yang ◽  
Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The increasing demand for urban distribution increases the number of transportation vehicles which intensifies the congestion of urban traffic and leads to a lot of carbon emissions. This paper focuses on carbon emission reduction in urban distribution, taking perishable foods as the object. It carries out optimization analysis of urban distribution routes to explore the impact of low carbon policy on urban distribution routes planning. On the basis of analysis of the cost components and corresponding constraints of urban distribution, two optimization models of urban distribution routes with and without carbon emissions cost are constructed. Fuel quantity related to cost and carbon emissions in the model is calculated based on traffic speed, vehicle fuel quantity and passable time period of distribution. Then an improved algorithm which combines genetic algorithm and tabu search algorithm is designed to solve models. Moreover, an analysis of the influence of carbon tax price is also carried out. It is concluded that in the process of urban distribution based on the actual network information, path optimization considering the low carbon factor can effectively reduce the distribution process of CO2, and reduce the total cost of the enterprise and society, thus achieving greater social benefits at a lower cost. In addition, the government can encourage low-carbon distribution by rationally adjusting the price of carbon tax to achieve a higher social benefit.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Evaluation of Carbon Emission Reduction Capability in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Decai Tang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Brandon J Bethel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is an essential part of China’s goal of reducing its national carbon emissions. Focusing on economic and social development, the development of science and technology, carbon sinks, energy consumption, and carbon emissions, this paper uses “the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution mode” (TOPSIS) and “an obstacle factor diagnosis method” to measure the reduction capacity of each province and municipality of the YREB. Key obstacles to achieving the goal of carbon emission reduction are also identified. The main finding is that the emission reduction capacities of Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in China’s east is far greater than that of all other provinces and municipalities, the main obstacle of Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are carbon sinks, energy consumption and carbon emission, and other provinces and municipalities are social and economic development. Taking into consideration those evaluation results and obstacles, paths for carbon emission reduction are delineated through a four-quadrant matrix method with intent to provide suitable references for the development of a low-carbon economy in the YREB.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Green Roofing: A Case Study from Sri Lankan Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6745
Author(s):  
Malka Nadeeshani ◽  
Thanuja Ramachandra ◽  
Sachie Gunatilake ◽  
Nisa Zainudeen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Flat Roof

At present, the world is facing many hurdles due to the adverse effects of climate change and rapid urbanization. A lot of rural lands and villages are merged into cities by citizens, resulting in high carbon emission, especially in the built environment. Besides, the buildings and the construction sector are responsible for high levels of raw material consumption and around 40% of energy- and process-related emissions. Consequently, the interest in defining the carbon footprint of buildings and their components is on the rise. This study assesses the carbon footprint of a green roof in comparison to a conventional roof in a tropical climate with the aim of examining the potential carbon emission reduction by a green roof during its life cycle. A comparative case study analysis was carried out between an intensive green roof and a concrete flat roof located on two recently constructed commercial buildings in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected from interviews, project documents and past literature in addition to on-site data measurements and a comparison of life cycle carbon emissions of the two roof types was carried out. The results revealed that the operational phase has the highest contribution to the carbon footprint of both roof types. In the operational phase, the green roof was found to significantly reduce heat transfer by nearly 90% compared to the concrete flat roof and thereby contributed to an annual operational energy saving of 135.51 kWh/m2. The results further revealed that the life cycle carbon emissions of the intensive green roof are 84.71% lower compared to the conventional concrete flat roof. Hence, this study concludes that the use of green roofs is a suitable alternative for tropical cities for improving the green environment with substantial potential for carbon emission reduction throughout the life cycle of a building.

scholarly journals Research on Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China's Carbon Trading Pilot

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Linshan Wang ◽  
Chuanming Liu ◽  
Xi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Emission Rights ◽  
Development Levels

Carbon emissions trading is one of the important ways to reduce carbon emissions by giving CO2 emission rights a commodity attribute that allows them to trade on the market and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the market mechanisms. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 1997 to 2016, this paper constructs a basic theoretical analysis framework to analyze the carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies, adopts PSM-DID to study the carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading pilots. This study finds that: (1) The implementation of the carbon trading pilot can promote carbon emission reduction, but the pilot provinces and municipalities have different economic development levels, industrial structure and supporting measures adopted after the implementation of the carbon trading pilot policy, resulting in differences in carbon emission reduction effects between pilot provinces. (2) For the seller of carbon emission rights, carbon emission reduction is achieved through three effects of "market return-inducing", "technical innovation incentive" and "government support"; for the buyer, carbon emission reduction is achieved through three effects of "enterprise cost pressure", "process innovation motivation" and "market guiding". (4) The results of traditional PSM-DID further prove that the carbon trading pilot can significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

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