Spatial Relationship of a Wildfire, Fuelbreaks, and Recently Burned Areas1

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Salazar ◽  
Armando González-Cabán
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Los Padres National Forest ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The Wheeler Fire #2 on the Los Padres National Forest, California, burned over 118,000 ac (47,755 ha) in 2 weeks. Several weather and physical factors contributed to the large size of this fire: drought conditions, high temperatures, erratic winds, low humidity, steep topography, poor access, and continuous stands of chaparral. This fire presented the rare opportunity for evaluating the coincidence of a wildfire, fuelbreaks, and recently burned areas. Observations indicate that the spatial relationships of fuelbreaks, roads, prescribed burns, and wildfires are important determinants of fire behavior and growth, and they merit special consideration in fuels and fire management planning. More case study documentation would provide fire managers with valuable information for developing guidelines on how to approach similar problems, under the same or different conditions. West. J. Appl. For. 2(2):55-58, April 1987.

Ultrastructural evidence for mast cell-macrophage interrelationships in the dura mater of the rat: Infrequent mast cell-nerve associations

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
Ruth V.W. Dimlich
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Extravasation ◽  
Close Spatial Relationship ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Headache Pain ◽  
Relationship Of

Mast cells in the dura mater of the rat may play a role in cerebral pathologies including neurogenic inflammation (vasodilation; plasma extravasation) and headache pain . As has been suggested for other tissues, dural mast cells may exhibit a close spatial relationship to nerves. There has been no detailed ultrastructural description of mast cells in this tissue; therefore, the goals of this study were to provide this analysis and to determine the spatial relationship of mast cells to nerves and other components of the dura mater in the rat.Four adult anesthetized male Wistar rats (290-400 g) were fixed by perfusion through the heart with 2% glutaraldehyde and 2.8% paraformaldehyde in a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 min. The head of each rat was removed and stored in fixative for a minimum of 24 h at which time the dural coverings were removed and dissected into samples that included the middle meningeal vasculature. Samples were routinely processed and flat embedded in LX 112. Thick (1 um) sections from a minimum of 3 blocks per rat were stained with toluidine blue (0.5% aqueous).

scholarly journals Using the Landsat Burned Area Products to Derive Fire History Relevant for Fire Management and Conservation in the State of Florida, Southeastern USA

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Casey Teske ◽  
Melanie K. Vanderhoof ◽  
Todd J. Hawbaker ◽  
Joe Noble ◽  
John Kevin Hiers
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Burn Probability

Development of comprehensive spatially explicit fire occurrence data remains one of the most critical needs for fire managers globally, and especially for conservation across the southeastern United States. Not only are many endangered species and ecosystems in that region reliant on frequent fire, but fire risk analysis, prescribed fire planning, and fire behavior modeling are sensitive to fire history due to the long growing season and high vegetation productivity. Spatial data that map burned areas over time provide critical information for evaluating management successes. However, existing fire data have undocumented shortcomings that limit their use when detailing the effectiveness of fire management at state and regional scales. Here, we assessed information in existing fire datasets for Florida and the Landsat Burned Area products based on input from the fire management community. We considered the potential of different datasets to track the spatial extents of fires and derive fire history metrics (e.g., time since last burn, fire frequency, and seasonality). We found that burned areas generated by applying a 90% threshold to the Landsat burn probability product matched patterns recorded and observed by fire managers at three pilot areas. We then created fire history metrics for the entire state from the modified Landsat Burned Area product. Finally, to show their potential application for conservation management, we compared fire history metrics across ownerships for natural pinelands, where prescribed fire is frequently applied. Implications of this effort include increased awareness around conservation and fire management planning efforts and an extension of derivative products regionally or globally.

scholarly journals Geo-Spatial Analysis of Population Density and Annual Income to Identify Large-Scale Socio-Demographic Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Nicolai Moos ◽  
Carsten Juergens ◽  
Andreas P. Redecker
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

This paper describes a methodological approach that is able to analyse socio-demographic and -economic data in large-scale spatial detail. Based on the two variables, population density and annual income, one investigates the spatial relationship of these variables to identify locations of imbalance or disparities assisted by bivariate choropleth maps. The aim is to gain a deeper insight into spatial components of socioeconomic nexuses, such as the relationships between the two variables, especially for high-resolution spatial units. The used methodology is able to assist political decision-making, target group advertising in the field of geo-marketing and for the site searches of new shop locations, as well as further socioeconomic research and urban planning. The developed methodology was tested in a national case study in Germany and is easily transferrable to other countries with comparable datasets. The analysis was carried out utilising data about population density and average annual income linked to spatially referenced polygons of postal codes. These were disaggregated initially via a readapted three-class dasymetric mapping approach and allocated to large-scale city block polygons. Univariate and bivariate choropleth maps generated from the resulting datasets were then used to identify and compare spatial economic disparities for a study area in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. Subsequently, based on these variables, a multivariate clustering approach was conducted for a demonstration area in Dortmund. In the result, it was obvious that the spatially disaggregated data allow more detailed insight into spatial patterns of socioeconomic attributes than the coarser data related to postal code polygons.

Intrasellar Intercarotid Communicating Artery Associated with Agenesis of the Right Internal Carotid Artery: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Udzura ◽  
Hiroo Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshio Taguchi ◽  
Hiroaki Sekino
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anomalous Artery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract A 54-year-old man with a right hemiparesis was found to have an intrasellar intercarotid communicating artery associated with agenesis of the right internal carotid artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated the spatial relationship of the anomalous artery to the surrounding structures, thus suggesting an embryonic enlargement of the capsular artery as a source of this anomalous artery.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO DO FOGO EM QUEIMAS CONTROLADAS DE VEGETAÇÃO DE ESTEPE NO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMEIRA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Celso Darci Seger ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista ◽  
Alexandre França Tetto ◽  
Ronaldo Viana Soares
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Fuel Loading ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Heat Released

As queimas controladas constituem práticas de manejo utilizadas em diferentes tipos de vegetação e difundidas em vários países. No entanto, para a realização de tais práticas com segurança e eficiência é fundamental o conhecimento do comportamento do fogo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento do fogo em queimas controladas de vegetação Estepe Gramíneo-Lenhosa no estado do Paraná. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento no município de Palmeira, onde 20 parcelas foram queimadas, sendo metade a favor e metade contra o vento. A carga de material combustível fino estimada foi de 2,26 kg.m-2, com teor médio de umidade de 50,45%. A quantidade de material consumido pela queima foi de 1,76 kg.m-2, com uma eficiência média de queima de 76,86%. As médias obtidas, a favor e contra o vento, foram respectivamente: velocidade de propagação do fogo de 0,049 e 0,012 m.s-1, altura das chamas de 1,34 e 0,843 m, intensidade do fogo de 210,53 e 50,68 kcal.m-1.s-1 e calor liberado de 4.067,19 e 4.508,92 kcal.m-2. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as queimas controladas em vegetação de campos naturais, realizadas dentro dos critérios estabelecidos de planos de queima, são viáveis e seguras sob o ponto de vista de perigo de incêndios.Palavras chave: Queima prescrita; material combustível; intensidade do fogo; perigo de incêndios. AbstractFire behavior of prescribed burns in grassland on Palmeira county, Paraná, Brazil. The prescribed burns are practices of management used in different types of vegetation and widespread in several countries. However, to carry out such practices safely and effectively is fundamental knowledge of fire behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the fire behavior in controlled burning of grassland vegetation in Paraná state. For this, an experiment was conducted in Palmeira County, where 20 plots were burned, half in favor and half against the wind. The estimated fine fuel loading was 2.26 kg.m-2, with average moisture content of 50.45%. The fuel consumption by burning was 1.76 kg.m-2 with an average efficiency of burning of 76.86%. The averages, for and against the wind, were: speed of fire spread of 0.049 and 0.012 m.s-1, the flame height of 1.34 m and 0.843, fire intensity of 210.53 and 50.68 kcal.m-1.s-1 and heat released from 4,067.19 and 4,508.92 kcal.m-2. The results show that the controlled burnings of grasslands vegetation, carried out within the established criteria burning plans are feasible and safe from the aspect of fire danger.Keywords: Prescribed burns; fuel loading; fire intensity; fire risk.

scholarly journals Correlation analysis between multifractal characteristics of regional geomorphology and development of geological disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Yiying Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Geological Disasters ◽  
Geological Disaster ◽  
Correlation Analysis Method ◽  
Fractal Spectrum ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of

In view of the inaccuracy of the traditional correlation analysis method, this paper proposes a correlation analysis method between the multifractal characteristics of regional landforms and the development of geological disasters. Firstly, the multifractal characteristics of regional landforms are described by using the basic fractal characteristics of self-similarity or scale invariance. Then the corresponding relation table is established according to the width of the fractal spectrum and the number of landslides and hidden dangers, and the spatial relationship of geological disaster development is analyzed. Combined with the above-mentioned spatial relationship of geological disaster development and the multifractal characteristic data of regional landforms, the correlation coefficient between the two is calculated to complete the correlation analysis between the multifractal characteristics of regional geomorphology and the development of geological disasters. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional correlation analysis method, the correlation analysis results of the multifractal characteristics of regional geomorphology and the development of geological disasters are more accurate.

scholarly journals Organelle relationships in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Novikoff ◽  
P M Novikoff ◽  
O M Rosen ◽  
C S Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Coated Vesicles ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Exogenous Lipid ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of

In differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, lipid spheres, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), microperoxisomes, and mitochondria form "constellations" that may reflect the interplay of lipid metabolizing enzymes in these organelles. ER cisternae are also situated very close to "rosettes,"plasmalemmal specializations found in mature adipocytes in vivo. As in hepatocytes and absorptive cells of the intestine, this spatial relationship of ER and plasmalemma suggests a role for rosettes in the uptake of exogenous lipid precursors. The morphological differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes includes the loss of "stress fibers" and the appearance of microfilament like structures that encase, in a complex manner, the cytosolic lipid spheres that appear during differentiation. Other features described for the first time in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes include: (a) the presence of an extensive acid phosphatase (AcPase) positive GERL from which coated vesicles apparently arise (these coated vesicles display AcPase activity and are much smaller and far more numerous than the coated vesicles that seem to arise from the plasmalemmal coated pits); (b) the abundance of AcPase-positive autophagic vacuoles; and (c) a high level of alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity which, by light microscopy cytochemistry, appears to be localized in the cytosol.

P14.59 Rapid early progression of glioblastoma is not related to cortical/neural stem cells regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii49-ii49
Author(s):  
T Kazda ◽  
R Lakomy ◽  
I Selingerova ◽  
P Pospisil ◽  
L Hynkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Early Progression ◽  
Multifocal Tumor ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract BACKGROUND Rapid early progression (REP) of glioblastoma after surgery observed on pre-radiotherapy MRI scan is common. Subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal regions are supposed to harbor astrocyte-like neural stem cells (NSC) with tumors arising from these transformed stem cells threatening of higher risk of REP. REP is defined as a new enhancing tumor or >25% increase in enhancement before radiotherapy. Lim′s classification of initial glioblastoma location related to these NSC regions predicts invasive and multifocal tumor phenotype. Glioblastomas are classified preoperatively into four groups by the spatial relationship of the contrast-enhancing lesion with the SVZ and cortex. The aim of this retrospective single-institutional study is to evaluate the relations of this Lim classification on REP in unselected cohort of glioblastoma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients receiving radiotherapy between 2014–2017 were analyzed, 95 were evaluable. 47 patients (30.5%) were treated with the Stupp regimen. Lim1 classification (contact with cortex as well as SVZ) was presented in 74(48%) patients, Lim2 (contact with SVZ only) in 22(14.3%), Lim3 (contact with cortex only) in 50(32.5%) and Lim4 in 8(5.2%) patients. A total of 52% of patients developed REP. RESULTS Significantly better overall survival was with Stupp regimen (23.3 vs. 8.6 months, p<0.001) and without REP (18.5 vs. 10.2 months, p=0.001). There was no significant impact of time to start of radiotherapy. No significant relation between REP and Lim classification was observed. CONCLUSION The initial location is not predictive for REP. Patients experiencing REP have significantly worse overall survival and modification of their management represents an urgent unmet clinical need. Molecular and clinical biomarkers indicating an increased risk of REP are needed.Presented will also be an already published analysis of clinical factors associated with REP in glioblastoma and the effect of REP and treatment on survival outcomes. Newly, we will introduce the investigator-initiated prospective academic clinical trial (GlioMET) focused on optimization of glioblastoma radiotherapy by 11C-Methionine PET scan in patients with REP. Supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic AZV, No.18-03-00469 and AZV NU20-03-00148.

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