scholarly journals Evaluating Economic and Wildlife Habitat Considerations for Snag Retention Policies in Burned Landscapes

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Eklund ◽  
Michael G. Wing ◽  
John Sessions
Keyword(s):  
Unit Volume ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Retention Policies

Abstract Wildfires have become more frequent and intense in recent years in the western United States. Previous studies have investigated the potential environmental and economic impacts of active management in burned forest landscapes. No previously published study, however, has considered wildlife requirements for snags while planning salvage logging operations in postburned landscapes. We examined the potential impacts of 19 snag retention strategies using cable-based yarding systems over a 3-year time period since burn. The strategies were based on current research recommendations, operational needs, and state and federal policies. Potential impacts on two cavity-nesting bird habitats and the feasibility of each strategy were examined. We found that most snag retention strategies generated net revenues per unit volume of merchantable wood greater than $70/m3 immediately after a burn and $60/m3 3 years after a burn. Those strategies that focused snag retention on smaller-diameter stems had the highest net revenue values and higher productivity rates. We also found that the strategy that removed all merchantable snags did not produce the highest revenue. In general, decreased yarding distance and a smaller yarding system (e.g., shovel loader) resulted in greater net revenue per unit volume with increased time since burn. The salvage strategy that provided the most favorable habitat for the two cavity-nesting birds left all snags standing in the half of the salvage unit farthest away from the yarder. Our findings indicate that it is possible to provide adequate cavity-nesting bird habitat and generate net revenue during fire salvage operations.

scholarly journals Wildland—Urban Interface Communities' Response to Post-Fire Salvage Logging

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Ryan ◽  
Elisabeth Hamin
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Standing Trees

Abstract Salvage logging, the removal for profit of standing trees that have been damaged by extensive wildfires, has been quite controversial and subject to lawsuits that can delay the logging past the time in which the lumber is still useful. It has not been clear, however, whether the public that has been most affected by wildfires—those that live near burned areas—support or oppose postfire logging. In this research we use focus groups and stakeholder interviews in urban interface communities that have experienced significant wildfires to examine in some detail the perspectives these members of the public have regarding salvage logging. Public support for salvage logging in communities that have recently experienced wildfires was much stronger than hypothesized at the beginning of this study from our review of the number of unsuccessful salvage logging proposals or even popular press reports. Key reasons for supporting salvage logging were that letting useful timber rot was wasteful, that it improves the postfire aesthetics and safety of the forest, and that it can provide some income for local postfire restoration activities. Caveats include assuring that any environmental impacts, such as new roads, are mitigated postlogging, and assuring that appropriate snags are left to provide wildlife habitat.

scholarly journals Nest Densities of Cavity-Nesting Birds in Relation to Postfire Salvage Logging and Time Since Wildfire

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Saab ◽  
Robin E. Russell ◽  
Jonathan G. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
American Kestrel ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Time Since Fire ◽  
Mountain Bluebird

Abstract Abstract We monitored the nest densities and nest survival of seven cavity-nesting bird species, including four open-space foragers (American Kestrel [Falco sparverius], Lewis's Woodpecker [Melanerpes lewis], Western Bluebird [Sialia mexicana], and Mountain Bluebird [S. currucoides]) and three wood-foragers (Hairy Woodpecker [Picoides villosus], Black-backed Woodpecker [P. arcticus], and Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus]), after two wildfires (one partially salvage-logged and one unlogged) in western Idaho from 1994–2004. We estimated the relationship between nest density and time since fire, tested for statistical differences in nest densities and nest survival in the partially salvage-logged vs. unlogged wildfires, and tested for differences in nest survival between early (1–4 years after fire) and late (5–12 years after fire) postfire periods. Nest densities of open-space foragers and Northern Flickers generally increased with time since fire, whereas nest densities of Black-backed and Hairy Woodpeckers peaked 4–5 years postfire. Nest densities of wood-foraging species and Mountain Bluebirds were significantly higher in the unlogged burn, whereas Lewis's Woodpeckers had significantly higher nest densities in the partially logged burn. Kestrels tended to favor the partially logged burn, while Western Bluebird nest densities were nearly equal in both burned areas. For most species, postfire period and treatment (partially logged vs. unlogged) had little influence on nest survival. However, Hairy Woodpecker nest survival was significantly lower in the partially logged burn versus the unlogged wildfire in the early postfire period, and Lewis's Woodpecker nest survival was significantly reduced in the later postfire period versus the early postfire period in the partially logged burn. Importantly, the salvage logging was designed to retain more than half of the snags over 23 cm in diameter, which provided suitable nesting habitat for open-space foragers during the decade following fire.

scholarly journals Effects of Post-Fire Salvage Logging on Cavity-Nesting Birds and Small Mammals in Southeastern Montana

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kronland ◽  
Marco Restani
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Large Trees

We investigated how post-fire salvage logging of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) affected populations of cavity-nesting birds and small mammals in southeastern Montana in 2004 and 2005. We examined two salvage and two control plots with three point-count stations and one small mammal trap site randomly distributed across each plot. We used point counts and distance sampling methods to estimate density of cavity-nesting birds on each treatment. We also searched each plot for nests and used program MARK to construct a set of candidate models to investigate variations in nest survival related to treatment, year, and time. We used live traps arranged in webs centered on trapping sites and distance sampling methods to estimate small mammal density. Habitat characteristics were also quantified on each plot. Density of all cavity-nesting birds combined and of Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) in particular were higher on the control than the salvage treatment. Density of large trees and abundance of active cavities were higher on the control treatment. Nest cavities on the salvage treatment were most often located in non-logged watersheds. Nest survival estimates were uniformly high, with only marginal variations attributed to treatment and year. Density of Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was higher on the salvage than the control treatment, reflecting the amount of downed woody debris created during harvest.

Modeling nest survival of cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Saab ◽  
Robin E. Russell ◽  
Jay Rotella ◽  
Jonathan G. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Nest Survival ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting

scholarly journals Investing in mutual funds: are you paying for performance or for the ties of the manager?

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Costas Siriopoulos ◽  
Maria Skaperda
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Management Fees ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rescaled Range ◽  
Rescaled Range Analysis ◽  
Morning Star

This study analyses the performance of US Mutual Funds, from the perspective of Long Memory (LM), exploring if the returns of MFs are systematic due to their active management or they are random. The sample was 200 US equity MFs, from four categories, Large Cap, Middle Cap, Small Cap and World Stock, both 1- and 5-stars rating funds according to Morning Star rating. The time period was starting between 1981 and 2006 and ending 2016. Rescaled Range Analysis (R/S) employed for the Hurst exponent estimation, so to detect LM. Using Surrogate Data Analysis (SDA), the study was extended to Hurst exponent estimation for surrogate time series. The findings suggest that the selection of a MF presents a lot of complexity for investors. The 5-star MFs, with high qualified, and so expensive managers, tend to achieve random returns, while the returns of 1-star MFs, are more systematic. These MFs have higher fees than the 5-star MFs, but the management fees paid are quite inferior. This leads to the conclusion, that it might be preferable to pay for gaining an almost the same, but systematic return than to pay for the ties of the manager.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF POSTFIRE SALVAGE LOGGING ON CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hutto ◽  
Susan M. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting

NEST DENSITIES OF CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS IN RELATION TO POSTFIRE SALVAGE LOGGING AND TIME SINCE WILDFIRE

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA A. SAAB ◽  
ROBIN E. RUSSELL ◽  
JONATHAN G. DUDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Cavity Nesting

scholarly journals Structural characteristics of wet montane forests in east-central British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C DeLong ◽  
J M Arocena ◽  
H B Massicotte
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Salvage Logging

Structural characteristics of forest stands were examined along a post-fire age chronosequence for wet montane sub-boreal and sub-alpine forests in the northern portion of the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. The objective was to develop criteria that could be used to assess the extent to which managed stands approximate the structural characteristics of natural stands. Twelve and fifteen stands were sampled in wet montane sub-boreal and high-elevation subalpine forests, respectively. Tree density, variation in tree size, snag density by size class and coarse woody debris volume were examined for young (0–70 years), mature (71–140 years), and old (> 140 years) stands. Apart from a general increase in average tree size and a decrease in snag density, changes in other stand attributes over time since disturbance were limited, especially when compared to forests in drier climates at similar latitudes. The combination of low density and large variability in tree size of the young wet montane sub-boreal stands appear to be unusual for low elevation forests that originate from stand-replacing wildfire. In the study area, current management practices of salvage-logging fire-killed stands and planting relatively high densities of spruce on harvested sites should be examined in light of our data. This study illustrates the importance of developing area-specific ecosystem management guidelines relating to stand structure. Key words: stand structure, woody debris, snags, Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, wildlife habitat

A Study on the Impact of Employee Retention Policies on Organisation Productivity in Private Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Patro
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
Labor Economic ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retention Policies

During the last decade, employee retention has become a most critical issue for all private sector organisations as a result of the shortage of skilled labor, economic growth and employee turnover. Retention of employees is an important function of the Human Resource Management. Employees are the assets of any organization. The organizations have to strive to retain the talents of the employees by implementing effective retention strategies. These strategies would subsequently have an impact on productivity and sustainability of the organization. Employee retention refers to the various policies and practices which let the employees stick to an organization for a longer period of time. Organisations use different HR techniques for retention. In this paper a brief overview of literature from various research findings are employed using a descriptive study technique. The present study is an attempt to identify the various retention policies practiced in different private sector organisations and evaluate the effectiveness of these policies on productivity and sustainability of the organisation.

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